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Lab 1

This document serves as an introduction to C++ programming, covering its fundamentals, syntax, structure, and basic input/output operations. It explains the components of a C++ program, data types, operators, and how to compile and run a program using different methods. Additionally, it includes tasks for practical application of the concepts learned.

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6 views3 pages

Lab 1

This document serves as an introduction to C++ programming, covering its fundamentals, syntax, structure, and basic input/output operations. It explains the components of a C++ program, data types, operators, and how to compile and run a program using different methods. Additionally, it includes tasks for practical application of the concepts learned.

Uploaded by

mufassir abbasi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab 1

Introduction to C++
Objective:

 Understand the fundamentals of C++ programming.


 Learn about syntax, structure, and basic input/output.
 Gain familiarity with C++ compilers.

What is C++?

C++ is a powerful general-purpose programming language that supports procedural, object-


oriented, and generic programming. It is widely used in software development, game
programming, system programming, and real-time applications.

Structure of a C++ Program:

A basic C++ program consists of the following components:

1. Preprocessor Directives: Used to include necessary libraries.

#include <iostream>

2. Namespace: The using namespace std; statement allows usage of standard C++ elements
without prefixing them with std::.
3. Main Function: The entry point of a C++ program.

int main() {
return 0;
}

4. Statements and Expressions: Instructions within the main() function.


5. Comments: Used to make code readable and maintainable.
o Single-line comment: // This is a comment
o Multi-line comment: /* This is a multi-line comment */
Basic Input and Output:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
cout << "Hello, World!" << endl;
return 0;
}

Output:

Hello, World!

Input using cin

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main() {
int age;
cout << "Enter your age: ";
cin >> age;
cout << "Your age is " << age << endl;
return 0;
}

Example Run:

Enter your age: 25


Your age is 25

Data Types in C++:

C++ provides various data types:

 int (Integer, e.g., 10, -5)


 float (Floating-point, e.g., 10.5, 3.14)
 double (Double-precision floating-point)
 char (Character, e.g., 'A', 'B')
 string (Sequence of characters, e.g., "Hello")
 bool (Boolean, true or false)
Operators in C++:

 Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
 Relational Operators: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
 Logical Operators: &&, ||, !
 Assignment Operators: =, +=, -=, *=, /=, %=

Compiling and Running a C++ Program:

Using g++ (GNU Compiler) in Terminal:

1. Save the program as program.cpp


2. Open the terminal and navigate to the file location.
3. Compile the program:

g++ program.cpp -o program

4. Run the program:

./program

Using an IDE (e.g., Code::Blocks, Dev-C++, Visual Studio Code):

1. Open the IDE and create a new C++ project.


2. Write the code in the editor.
3. Click "Build and Run" to execute.

Tasks:

1. Write a C++ program to print your name and age.


2. Modify the user input program to accept and display two numbers.
3. Write a program that prints the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two numbers
entered by the user.

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