Index

a b, 74 arc

Un , 74 in Un , 318
A) , 92 Archimedean principle
[a b], 81 for real numbers, 28
Int  A, 92 argument, 36
A, 92
" A, 92 binary operation, 2
F, 3 Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem, 142
F X, 350 boundary
D x y, 78 of a set, 90
F, 34 bounded
d* x y, 78 a set is, 94
M, 17 above, 19
S d, 78 below, 22
Q, 16 sequence, 128
S X, 52 set, 204
T, 3 Boundedness Theorem, 204
U , 29
Cantor set, 115
I  f g, 350
Cantor’s theorem, 58
I*  f g, 350
* Cartesian product, 1, 73

a
3n*n1 , 123 Cauchy criteria for series convergence,
k0 ak , 152
155
4 :, 287
Cauchy Criterion for Convergence, 335
absolutely convergent Cauchy product, 170
sequence of functions, 333 Cauchy sequence, 135
absolutely convergent series, 156 Chain Rule, 241
alternating series test, 174 Change of Variables, 307
analytic characteristic function, 302
at a point, 379 class of monotonic functions, 215
on a set, 379 closed ball, 82

421
422 INDEX

closed curve of rational numbers, 29

in Un , 318 of real numbers, 29
closed set, 83 denumerable, 56
closure derived set, 90
of a set, 90 diameter
common ratio, 157 of a set, 135
compact, 98 difference
compact of two sets, 88
normal family of functions, 362 differentiable
comparison test, 156 at a point, 262
complete left-hand, 230
metric space, 143 on a closed interval, 231
composition right-hand, 230
of relations, 52 differentiable at a point, 229
conditionally convergent series, 156 Differentiation and Integration of Power
conjugate, 36 Series, 376
connected discontinuity
set, 112 at a point, 211
continuous of the ¿rst kind, 214
function, 197 of the second kind, 214
function at a point, 183, 197 simple, 214
in a neighborhood of a point, 399 discontinuous
uniformly, 208 at a point, 211
Convergence properties
of p-series, 159 equicontinuous family of functions, 357
convergence properties equivalent
of geometric series, 157 cardinally, 54
convex set, 82 metrics, 79
countable Euclidean metric, 78
at most, 56 Euclidean n-space, 75
countably in¿nite, 56 Euclidean norm, 75
curve exterior
in Un , 318 of a set, 90
exterior point, 90
deMorgan’s Laws, 88 Extreme Value Theorem, 205
dense
a set is, 94 family of functions
density equicontinuous, 357
INDEX 423

locally uniformly bounded, 353 ordered ¿eld, 15

normal, 362 in¿mum, 22
uniformly bounded, 353 in¿nite series, 152
¿eld, 2 in¿nite set, 56
ordered, 12 in¿nitely differentiable
¿nite intersection property, 103 at a point, 379
¿nite sequence, 61 inner product, 75
¿nite set, 56 integers
Fourier coef¿cients, 410 of an ordered ¿eld, 15
Fourier series, 410 Integrability Criterion, 288
function, 2 integrable, 283
differentiable at a point, 229 Integration of Uniformly Convergent
global maximum, 245 Sequences, 343
global minimum, 245 interior
local maximum, 245 of a set, 90
local minimum, 245 Interior Extrema Theorem, 245
monotonically decreasing, 215 interior point, 83
monotonically increasing, 215 Intermediate Value Theorem, 207
natural logarithm, 314 intersection
periodic extension, 412 of a family of sets, 63
piecewise continuous, 411 inverse
piecewise smooth, 412 of a relation, 52
smooth, 412 Inverse Differentiation Theorem, 256
Fundamental Lemma of Differentia- Inverse Function Theorem, 254
tion, 240 isolated point, 83
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
First, 308 jump
Second, 310 of a piecewise continuous func-
tion, 412
Generalized Mean-Value Theorem, 247
geometric series, 157 kth term test, 153
greatest lower bound, 22 L’Hôpital’s Rule I, 251
greatest lower bound property, 25 L’Hôpital’s Rule II, 253
Hadamard product, 170 Lagrange Form of the Remainder, 397
Heine-Borel theorem, 109 least upper bound, 19
least upper bound property, 22
Identity Theorem, 385 left-hand limit, 213
inductive limit
424 INDEX

function n-tuple, 73, 74

from metric space to metric space, natural logarithm function, 314
188 natural numbers
from metric space to U1 , 187 of an ordered ¿eld, 15
in the extended reals, 222 neighborhood
inferior, 146 of a point, 82
left-hand, 213 nested interval theorem, 105
of a function at a point, 183, 184 nested sequence of sets, 103
of a sequence, 125 norm
of sequence of real numbers, 145 sup, 350
right-hand, 213 supremum, 350
subsequential, 131 normal family, 362
superior, 146
Limit Comparison Test, 176, 180 one-to-one, 49
limit comparison test, 162 one-to-one correspondence, 49
limit point, 83 onto, 49
local maximum, 245 open
local minimum, 245 relative to, 96
locally uniformly bounded, 353 open ball, 82
locus of points, 41 open cover, 98
lower bound, 22 open set, 84
lower Riemann sum, 278 Open Set Characterization
of Continuous Functions, 201
Mean-Value Theorem, 247
order, 11
Mean-Value Theorem for Integrals, 307
ordered ¿eld, 12
Mertens theorem, 171
ordered pair, 74
metric, 77
discrete, 83 pairwise disjoint, 63
metric space, 78
partition, 277
modulus, 36
common re¿nement of, 279
monotonic sequences
mesh of, 277
class of, 144
re¿nement of, 279
monotonically decreasing, 215
subdivision of, 277
sequence of real numbers, 144
PCI, 16
monotonically increasing, 215
perfect
sequence of real numbers, 144
set, 114
Monotonicity Test, 248
periodic extension, 412
n-cell, 81 piecewise continuous, 411
INDEX 425

piecewise continuous function Riemann-Stieltjes sum

jump at a point, 412 lower, 286
standardized, 412 upper, 286
piecewise smooth function, 412 right-hand limit, 213
PMI, 16 Rolle’s Theorem, 246
pointwise convergence root test, 163
sequence of functions, 328
pointwise convergent, 326 scalar multiplication, 74
power series, 370 Schwarz inequality, 38
sequence of functions, 332, 334 secont derivative, 259
power series separated
divergent, 370 two sets are, 112
in U, 369 sequence, 61
pointwise convergent, 370 Cauchy, 135
Principle of Complete Induction, 16 of nth partial sums, 152
Principle of Mathematical Induction, subsequence, 131
16 sequence of functions
converges point wise, 328
Ratio Test, 162 converges uniformly, 328
rational numbers pointwise convergent, 326, 334
of an ordered ¿eld, 17 uniformly convergent, 335
real n-space, 74 Sequences Characterization for Lim-
real vector space, 74 its of Functions, 191
recti¿able, 319 series
Restrictions of Integrable Functions, Fourier, 410
301 in¿nite, 152
Riemann integrable, 283 power, 369
Riemann integral, 283 term in a, 152
upper, 283 set descriptions, 39
Riemann-Stieltjes integrable, 287 smooth function, 412
vector-valued function, 315 squeeze principle lemma, 142
Riemann-Stieltjes integral standardized
lower, 287 piecewise continuous function, 412
upper, 287 subsequence, 131
Riemann-Stieltjes Integrals subsequential limit, 131
Algebraic Properties of, 299 summation-by-parts, 173
Properties of Upper and Lower, sup norm, 350
297 supremum, 19
426 INDEX

supremum norm, 350 Weierstrass theorem, 111

Well-Ordering Principle, 16
Taylor’s Approximating Polynomials, WOP, 16
259
Taylor’s Theorem with Integral Form
of the Remainder, 401
Taylor’s Theorem with Remainder, 397
third derivative, 259
Triangular inequalities, 76
triangular inequalities, 37
trigonometric polynomial, 409
trigonometric series, 408

uncountable, 56
uniform continuity theorem, 209
uniform convergence
sequence of functions, 328
uniform convergent
sequence of functions, 332
Uniform Limit of Continuous Func-
tions, 341
uniformly bounded
family of functions, 353
uniformly Cauchy, 335
uniformly continuous, 208
uniformly convergent
sequence of functions, 335
union
of a family of sets, 63
upper bound, 19
upper Riemann integral, 283
upper Riemann sum, 278

vector addition, 74
vector-valued function
differentiable at a point, 262
Riemann-Stieltjes integrable, 315

Weierstrass M-Test, 338