18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

Module – 1 Multiple Integrals

Evaluation of double integration Cartesian and plane polar coordinates – Evaluation of double integration
by changing order of integration – Area as a double integral (Cartesian) – Area as a double integral (Polar)
– Triple integration in Cartesian coordinates – Conversion from Cartesian to polar in double integrals –
Volume using triple integral – Application of Multiple integral in Engineering.

Evaluation of double integration – Cartesian and Polar coordinates

Type – 1 Limits are constants

  x 
1 2
1. Evaluate 2
 y 2 dx dy .
01

Solution:
2

 
12
 x3 
1
x  y dx dy     x y 2  dy
2 2

0 1
01
3

 8 
1
 1
    2 y 2     y 2  dy
0   3 
3
1
7 
    y 2  dy
0 
3
1
7 y3  8
  y   
3 3 0 3

  x 
21
8
Note: 2
 y 2 dy dx 
10
3

If the limits of integration are constants, then the order of integration is insignificant.
32
2. Evaluate   x y x  y  dy dx .
00

Solution:

 
32 32

  x y x  y  dy dx    x y  x y dy dx
2 2

00 00
2
 x2 y2
3
y3 
 
  x  dx
0
2 3 0
3
 8 
   2 x 2  x  dx
0
3 
3
 x3 8 x 2 
  2    30

 3 3 2 0

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 1 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

ab
dx dy
3. Evaluate  x y
.
22

Solution:
ab ab  dy
dx dy dx
  x y     x 
 y
22 22 
a
  log x b2
dy
2
y
 log x b2 log x a2
b a
 log   log  
2 2
32
4. Evaluate   r dr d .
00

Solution:

2
32
 r2 
3 3

  r dr d    2  d   2 d  2  0  6
  3

00 0 0 0

Type – 2 Limits are variables

1 x
5. Evaluate   x y x  y  dy dx .
0 x
Solution:

 x 
1 x 1 x

  x y x  y  dy dx   y  x y 2 dy dx
2

0 x 0 x
x
 x2 y2
1
y3 
 
  x  dx
0
2 3 x
1
 x3 x5/ 2 x 4 x 4 
       dx

0 
2 3 2 3
1
 
 x 4 x7 / 2 x5 x5  3
     
 8 3  7 10 15  56
 
 2 0

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 2 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

a a2  x2
6. Evaluate  y dy dx .
0 0

Solution:
a2  x2 a2  x2
a
 y2 a

  y dy dx    2 

0
dx
0 0 0
a
 a2  x2  a3
    dx 

0 
2 3

a ay
7. Evaluate   x y dx dy .
0 0

Solution:
a2  x2 ay
a
 x2 
a

  y dy dx    2 
y dy
0 0 0 0
a
1 a4
2 0
 y a y dy 
6

CHANGE THE ORDER OF INTEGRATION

For changing the order of integration in a given double integral
Step 1: Draw the region of integration by using the given limits.
Step 2: After changing the order, consider
 dxdy as horizontal strip
 dydx as vertical strip
Step 3: Find the new limits.
Step 4: Evaluate the double integral.
a a
xdydx
Change the order of integration in   2 and hence evaluate it.
8. x + y 2
0 y

Solution:
aa
x
  x 2  y 2 dx dy (Correct Form)
0 y

Given limits x : y  a ; y :0  a
After changing the order,
dy dx  vertical strip
Now, limit x :0  a ; y :0  x

a x
x
a x
 1 
  2 2
dydx    x  2  dy dx
0 0
x +y 0 0 
x + y2 

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 3 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

x
1  y 
a
  x  tan 1    dx
0 
x  x  0
a

  x  tan 1 1  tan 1  0   dx tan 1 1  , tan 1  0   0
0
4
 
a
    dx
0
4
  a
    x 0
4
a

4
 
e y
9. Evaluate   y dy dx by changing the order of integration.
0 x

Solution:
Given limits:
x:0
y:x

After changing the order,

dxdy  horizontal strip
 y 
e y e y
  y   y ( x) 0 dy
y
dx dy
0 0 0

e y
 y dy
0
y

  e  y dy
0

 e y 
 
 1  0

 e   e 0  
  
 1  1  

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 4 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

 e  e0
1 e  0; e0  e0  1
 y y2

10. Change the order of integration   ye
0 0
x
dx dy and hence evaluate it.

Solution

Given limits:
x  0, x  y
y  0, y  
After changing the order,
dy dx  vertical strip
 y y2  y 2
 1 
  ye
0 0
x
dx dy    2 ye x dy dx
20x

1  
  y2

 2 ye x dy  dx
20 x
 

1  
  y2

    e x d ( y 2 )  dx
20 x
 


  
2
y
1 
    xe x
 dx
20  x  x (Or) Use Substitution y2 = t, 2ydy = dt, Limits: t : x2  
1   
 x2

  0    xe x  dx
2 0   


1
  xe x dx
20

1  xe x  e x  
   (1)   
2  1   1 1   0

1 
   xe  x  e  x 
2 0

1
  (0  0)  (0  1)  e  0, e0  1
2
1

2

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 5 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

a a2  x2

11. Evaluate  
0 0
xy dy dx by changing the order of integration.

Solution:
Given y  0, y  a 2  x 2
y 2  a2  x2
x2  y 2  a2
x  0, x  a
After changing the order,
dxdy  horizontal strip
a2  y2 a2  y2
a a
 x2 
  x y dx dy   y 
 2


0
dy
0 0 0
a
 
y 2
2
a  y 2 dy
0
a a
a2 1 3

2  ydy 
0
2 0
y dy

a a
a2  y2  1  y4 
     
2  2 0 2  4 0
a4 a4
 
4 8
a4 a4
 
4 8
a4

8
1 2 x

12. Changing the order of integration and hence evaluate   xy dy dx .

0 x2

Solution:
Given limits:
y  x2
y  2 x  x y  2
x  0, y  1
After changing the order,
dxdy  horizontal strip
1 2 x 1 y 2 2 y


0 x 2
xy dy dx  
0 0
 xy dxdy  
1

0
xy dxdy

 I1  I 2 ( say )      (1)

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 6 Department of Mathematics

18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

To find I1 :
1 y

I1    xy dxdy
0 0

y
1
 x2 
  y   dy
0  2 0
1
y 
  y   0 dy
0  2 
1
y2
 dy
0
2
1
 y3 
 
 6 0
1 
   0
6 
1
I1 
6
To find I 2 :
2 2 y
I2    xy dxdy
1 0
2 y
2
 x2 
  y   dy
1  2 0
2  2  y 2 
  y dy
 2 
1  
2

y
2
 4  4 y  y 2 dy
1
2

1
2 1
 4 y  4 y 2  y3 dy
2
1  4 y 2 4 y3 y 4 
    
2 2 3 4 1

1  4(2) 2 4  2  24  4(1) 2 4 1 14  

3 3

       
2 2 3 4  2 3 4  
 
1  32 4 1 
 8   4  2   
2 3 3 4
1 28 1 
 10   
2 3 4

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 7 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

1  10(12)  28(4)  1(3) 

  
2 12 
1 5 
  
2  12 
5
I2 
24
1 5
(1)  I  
6 24
9

24
3
I
8
1 2y
13. Change the order of integration and hence evaluate   x y dx dy .
0 y

Solution:
Given limits: x = y, x = 2 – y
y=0,y=1

After changing the order, dy dx  vertical strip

1 2y 1 x 2 2 x

  x y dx dy    x y dy dx    x y dy dx
0 y 0 0 1 0
x 2 x
1
 y2  2
 y2 
 x   dx   x  
  dx
0  2 0 1  2 0

 
1 2
x3 1 1 5 1
 dx   x 4  x 2  4 x dx   
0
2 21 8 24 3

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 8 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

3 4 y
14. Change the order of integration and hence evaluate   ( x  y) dx dy .
0 1
Solution:
Given limits: x = 1, x = 4 y
y=0,y=3

x –2 –1 0 1 2
y = 4 – x2 0 3 4 3 0

After changing the order, dy dx  vertical strip

3 4 y 2 4 x
2

  ( x  y) dx dy    ( x  y) dy dx
0 1 1 0

4  x2

2
y2 
  x y
 
 dx
1  0
2
2
 x4 
   4 x  x 3  8   4 x 2  dx
1  
2

241

60

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 9 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

4 a 2 ax

15. Change the order of integration and hence evaluate   dydx .

0 x 2
4a

Solution:
Given limits:
x2
y  x 2  4ay        (1)
4a
y  2 ax  y 2  4ax      (2)
x0 , x  4a
Sub (1) in (2),
2
 y2 
   4ay
 4a 
y4
 4ay
16a 2
y 4  64a3 y
 y  64a y   0
4 3

y  y  64a   0
3 3

y  0 and y 3  64a3  0
y0 and y 3  64a3
y0 and y  4a
when y  0  x  0
16a 2
when y  4a  x   4a
4a
After changing the order, dx dy  horizontal strip
dy dx  vertical strip

4 a 2 ax 4 a 2 ay

 
0 x2
dydx   0 y2
dxdy
4a 4a

4a 2 ay

   x
0 y2
dy
4a
4a
 2

   2
0
ay  y
4a 
dy

4a
 y 2 dy
0 
1
  
4a 
2
2 a ( y )

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 10 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

4a
 3
( y) 2 y3 

 2 a  
 3 12a 
 2 0
4 3 (4a)3 
 a (4a) 2  
3 12a 
 32a 2 (4a)3  3
   (4) 2
4 4 8
 3 12a 
 32a 2 64a 3 
  
 3 12a 
 32a 2 16a 2  16a 2
   
 3 3  3
4a 2 a x
16. Change the order of integration and hence evaluate   x y dy dx .
0 x2 / 4a

Solution:
Given limits:
x2
y  x 2  4ay        (1)
4a
y  2 ax  y 2  4ax      (2)
x0 , x  4a
Sub (1) in (2),
2
 y2 
   4ay
 4a 
y4
 4ay
16a 2
y 4  64a3 y
 y  64a y   0
4 3

y  y  64a   0
3 3

y  0 and y 3  64a3  0
y0 and y 3  64a3
y  0 and y  4a
when y  0  x  0
16a 2
when y  4a  x   4a
4a
After changing the order,
dx dy  horizontal strip

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 11 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

4a 2 a x 4a 2 a y

  x y dy dx    x y dx dy
0 x2 / 4a 0 y 2 / 4a

2 ay
4a
 x2 
  y 
 2

 2 dy
 y / 4a
0

4a
 y5  64 4
   2a y2 

 32 a 2
 dy 

 3
a
0

Area as a double integral (Cartesian Coordinates)  dx dy or  dy dx

R R
17. Find the area of the circle x2 + y2 = a2.
Solution:
Area of circle = 4  Area in first quadrant
a a2  y2
 4  dx dy
0 0
a
x 0 a  y2
2
 4 dy
0
a
 4 a 2  y 2 dy
0
a
y a2 1 y 
 4 a y 
2 2
sin  
2 2  a  0
a2  
 4   a
2

 2 2 

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 12 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

x2 y 2
Find the area bounded by the ellipse   1 using double integration.
18. a 2 b2
Solution: By the symmetry of the curve the area of the ellipse is
Area = 4 Area in the first quardrant
x2
b 1-
a a2
= 4  dydx
0 0

a x2
b 1-
= 4  [y]0 a2
dx
0
a
x2
= 4b  1 - 2 dx
0
a
a
4b
a 0
= a 2 - x 2 dx

a
4b  x 2 2 a 2  x 
=  a - x + sin -1   
a 2 2  a 0
4b  a 2 
=  sin -1 
a 2 
π
= 2ab  
2
= πab.
19. Find the double integration the area by the curves y 2 = 4ax and x2 = 4ay .
Solution:
The area is closed by the parabola

y 2 = 4ax - - - - - - - -(1) and x 2 = 4ay - - - - - - - -(2)

To find the limits solve (1) and (2)
x2
(2)  y =
4a
sub in (1)
2
 x2 
  = 4ax
 4a 
x4 = 64a 3
( x4 - 64a 3 ) = 0
x = 0 or ( x3 - 64a 3 ) = 0
x = 0 or x3 = 64a 3 Þ x = 4a

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 13 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

4a 4ax 4a 4a
 x2 
 Area =   dydx =   y  x2 =   4ax -  dx
4ax
dx
0 
0 x2 0 4a
4a 
4a
4a
 x 2 1 x3 
3
 1 2
4a
=   2 a x - x  dx =  2 a
1
2
- 
 4a   3 4a 3 
0
 2 0
4 a 3 1
= (4a) 2 - (4a)3
3 12a
5
4 a 32 32 1 4 2 42 1
= (4) (a) - 64a 3 = a - 64a 3
3 12a 3 12a
5
(22 ) 2 2 16 2 32 2 16 2
= a - a = a - a
3 3 3 3
16
= a2
3
20. Find the area bounded by the parabolas y 2 = 4 - x and y 2 = x by double integration.
Solution:

The area is bounded by

y 2 = 4 - x        (1)
y 2 = x          (2)
y 2 = -(x - 4) is a parabola with vertex (4, 0)
and in the direction of negative x-axis both
the curves are symmetric about x-axis.
To find the limits solve (1) and (2)
4-x = x
2x = 4  x  2
y2 = 2  y = ± 2
2
2 4-y
Area = 2   dxdy
0 y2

4-y 2
2
= 2   x dy
0 2
y

2
= 2  (4 - y 2 - y 2 ) dy
0

2
= 2  (4 - 2y 2 ) dy
0

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 14 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

2
 2y 3 
= 2 4y -
 3  0

  
3
2 2
= 2 4 2 - - 0
 3 
 
 2(2)3 2 
= 2 4 2 -
 3 
 2(2)(2)1 2 
= 2 4 2 - 
 3 
 4 2
= 2 4 2 - 
 3 

  1

= 2 4 2 1 - 
 3
2
=8 2  
3
16
= 2
3
21.
 (x  y 2 )dy dx over the region R for which x, y  0, x  y  1.
2
Evaluate
R
Solution:

The region of integration is the triangle bounded by the lines

x  0, y  0, x  y  1

Limits of y : 0 to 1 – x ; Limits of x : 0 to 1
1 1 x

 ( x 2  y 2 )dy dx =   x  y 2 dydx
2

0 0
R

1 x
 1
y3

= x 2 y   dx
0
 3 
0
1
 2 (1  x)3 
 0  x (1  x ) 
3 
dx
1
 x3 x 4 (1  x)4 
   
3 4 12  0
1 1 1
  
3 4 12
1

6

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 15 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

Area as a double integral (Polar Coordinates)  rdrdθ

R
22. Find the area of the cardioid r = a(1 + cosθ) by using double integration.
Solution:
Given the curve in polar co ordinates r = a(1 + cosθ)
 Area of the cardioid = 2(Area above the initial line)
θ varies from 0 to π
r varies from 0 to r = a(1 + cosθ)

π a(1+cosθ)
Area = 2  r drdθ
0 0
a(1+cosθ)
 r2 
π
= 2   dθ
0 
2 0
π
=  a 2 (1 + cosθ)2 dθ
0
π

 (1 + 2cosθ + cos θ)dθ

2 2
=a
0

 1  cos 
π
 
= a 2  1 + 2cosθ +    dθ
0   2 

π
3 1 
  2 + 2cosθ + 2 cos2θ  dθ
2
=a
0

π
3 1 sin2θ 
= a  θ + 2sinθ +
2
sinnπ = 0, n
2 2 2  0
3 
= a2  π 
2 
3πa 2
=
2

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 16 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

23. Find the area inside the circle r = asinθ but lying outside the cardioid r = a 1- cosθ .
Solution:
Given r = asinθ        (1)
and r = a 1- cosθ     (2)
Eliminating r from (1) and (2)
asinθ = a(1 - cosθ)
sinθ + cosθ = 1- - - - - -(3)
(3)2  sin 2θ + cos 2θ + 2sinθcosθ = 1
1 + 2sin2θ = 1
sin2θ = 0
2θ = 0, π
π
θ = 0,
2

π
2 asinθ
Area =  
0 a(1-cosθ)
r drdθ

π asinθ
2
 r2 
Area = 
0
2
  a(1-cosθ)
π
2
1
 a sin θ - a (1 - cosθ)  dθ
2 2 2 2
=
2 0
π
a2
 sin θ - 1- 2cosθ + cos θ  dθ
2
2 2
=
2 0
π
a2 2

 sin θ -1  2cosθ  cos θ dθ

2 2
=
2 0
π  
a2 2 2 2

 -1  2cosθ dθ  cos θ d   sin θ d

2 2
=
2 0 0 0
2
a
-θ + 2sinθ0 2
π
=
2
a2  π π 
=  - 2 + 2sin 2  - 0 
2   
a2  π  a2
= - + 2 = 4 - π
2 2  4

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 17 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

Find the area bounded between r = 2cosθ and r = 4cosθ .

24. Solution:
Area =  r dr dθ
R

Where the region R is the area between

the circles r = 2cosθ and r = 4cosθ
 r varies from r = 2cosθ to r = 4cosθ
π π
θ varies from - to
2 2
π
2 4cosθ
Area =  
-π 2cosθ
r dr dθ
2
π 4cosθ
 r2 
2
=  dθ
-π  2  2cosθ
2
π
1 2
=  16cos 2θ - 4cos 2θ  dθ
2 -π
2
π
1 2
= 
2 -π
12cos 2θ dθ
2
π
2
= 6  cos 2θ dθ
-π
2
π
2
= 6(2)  cos 2θdθ
0
π
1π 2
1π
 cos θdθ = 2 2
2
= 6(2)
22 0

= 3π
Conversion from Cartesian to Polar in double integrals
Evaluation of double integrals by changing Cartesian coordinates to polar coordinates:
Changing from ( x, y ) to (r ,  ) , the variables are related by x  r cos  , y  r sin 
and dx dy  J dr d  r dr d
  f ( x, y ) dx dy   f (r cos  , r sin  ) r dr d

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 18 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

Formula
 (n  1) (n  3) (n  5)  2
 n (n  2) (n  4) 3  1 if n is odd
 /2  /2 
       
n n
sin d cos d 
0 0  (n  1) (n  3) (n  5) 1 
  if n is even
 n (n  2) (n  4)  2 2
 

e e
 ( x2  y 2 )  x2
Evaluate dx dy by changing to polar coordinates. And hence find dx
25. 0 0 0

Solution:
x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dx dy  r dr d

r varies from 0 to  ,  varies from 0 to
2

I    e( x  y2 )
2
dx dy
0 0

  r2
2

 0  0 e r dr  d


1   t
2


2 0  0 e dt  d let r 2  t  2r dr  dt and r: 0 to   t: 0 to 


2
1 
 e  d
t

2 0
0


2
1
 e  e0  d

 e   0, e0  1
2 0

1 2
1  1   

2  d  2  
0
0
2
   0 
22  4
  

e dx dy   e dx  e  y dy 
 ( x2  y 2 )  x2 2
Since
0 0 0 0
4
 

 e dx  e dx 
x x2 2

0 0
4
2
 2   

   e x dx     e x dx 
2

0  4 0
2

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 19 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

2 2 x  x2
x
26. Evaluate  
0 0 x  y2
2
dy dx by changing to polar coordinates.

Solution:
x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dx dy  r dr d
The limits of x are x=0 to x=2,
The limits of y are y=0 to y= 2x x2
y  0  r cos   0

 r  0 and cos   0   
2
y  2x  x  y  2x  x 2 2 2
x  0  r sin   0
x  y  2x  0
2 2
sin   0
  0
 r 2  2r cos   0
 r  2 cos 

r var ies from 0 to 2 cos  ,  var ies from 0 to
2
2 2 x x 2
x
I   dy dx
0 0 x  y2
2


2 2cos
r cos 
  
0 0
r2
r dr d


2 2cos
  
0 0
r cos  dr d

 2cos
2
 r2 
  cos    d
0  2 0
 
2  4
2 2
1
  4 cos  d  2  cos3  d  2  .1 
3

2 0 0 3  3
a a
x2
27. Evaluate 
0 y x2  y 2
dx dy by changing to polar coordinates.

Solution:
x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dx dy  r dr d
The limits of x are x=y to x=a, The limits of y are y=0 to y=a

x  y  r cos   r sin     ,
4
a
x  a  r cos   a  r 
cos 

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 20 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

y  0  r sin   0
 r  0 and sin   0    0
a 
r varies from 0 to ,  varies from 0 to
cos  4
a a
x2
I   dx dy
0 y x2  y 2
 a
cos
4
r 2 cos2 
  
0 0
r
r dr d

 a
4 cos

  
0 0
r 2 cos 2  dr d

 a
4
 r 3  cos
  cos 2    d
0  3 0

1 4
 a3 
 0   cos3   0d
2
cos
3  

a3 4

3  sec d
0

a3     a3
a3
log(sec  tan  )0 4  log  sec  tan   log  sec 0  tan 0   log  

 2 1 
3 3   4 4  3 
2 a 2 x  x2

  x  y 2  dy dx by changing to polar coordinates

2
28. Evaluate
0 0

Solution:
x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dx dy  r dr d

The limits of x are x=0 to x=2a, The limits of y are y=0 to y = 2ax  x
2

y  0  r sin   0
 r  0 and sin   0    0
y  2ax  x 2  y 2  2ax  x 2 x  0  r cos   0

x 2  y 2  2ax  0 cos   0   
2
 r  2ar cos   0
2

 r  2 a cos 

r var ies from 0 to 2 a cos  ,  var ies from 0 to
2

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 21 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

2 a 2 ax  x 2
I   x  y 2  dy dx
2

0 0

2 2 a cos
   r  r dr d
2

0 0

2 2 a cos
   r  dr d
3

0 0

2 a cos
 r4 
2
   d
0
4 0

  2a cos  4
2 
   0 d

0
4 


4 2
3 1  3a  4

  cos   d  4a . 4 . 2 . 2  4
16a
 4 4

4 0

a a2  y2

  x  y 2  dy dx by changing to polar coordinates.

2
29. Evaluate
0 0

Solution:

x  r cos  , y  r sin  and dx dy  r dr d

The limits of x are x=0 , x  a 2  y 2 , and limits of y are y=0, y=a

x  0  r cos   0 x  a2  y 2  x2  y 2  a2 y0

r  0 and cos   0    r 2  a2 r sin   0
2
ra sin   0    0
π
r varies from 0 to a, θ varies from 0 to
2
a a2  y2

I   x  y 2  dy dx
2

0 0

2a
    r  r dr d
2

0 0

2 a
    r 3  dr d
0 0

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 22 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals


a
 r4 
2
    d
0
4 0

2
 a4  a4  a 4  a 4
    d   0 2  
0
4  4 4 2 8
Triple Integration (Cartesian Coordinates)
z2 y2 x2

I   
z  z1 y  y1 x  x1
f (x, y, z) dx dy dz

Also
x2 y2 z2

I   
x  x1 y  y1 z  z1
f (x, y, z) dz dy dx

1 2 3

30. Evaluate    xyz dz dy dx

0 0 0

Solution:
3
1 2 3 1 2
 z2 
I    xyz dz dy dx   
x=0 y=0 z=0 0 0
  dy dx
 2 0
2
 y2 
3
9 
1 2 1
9
  2 0  2 0
  0  dy dx  x   dx
0 0  2 0
1
9
1
4  9
1 1
 x2  1  9
  x   0  dx   2x dx  9 x dx  9    9   0  
20 2  20 0  2 0 2  2
1 1 1

  e
x+y+z
31. Evaluate dxdydz
0 0 0

Solution:

1 1 1 1 1

  e
x  yz
  e  e yz  dy dz
1 y  z
I= dx dy dz =
z=0 y=0 x=0 0 0

 e 
z2
=  2ez 1  ez dz
0

 e3  3e2  3e  1
  e  1
3

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 23 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

c b a
32. Evaluate    ( x  y  z ) dx dy dz .
0 0 0

Solution:
a
c b a c b
 x2 
   ( x  y  z) dx dy dz      x y  x z  dy dz
 2


0
0 0 0 0 0
c b
 a2 
   
 2  a y  a z  dy dz
0 0  
b
c
 a2 y2 
 
 2 y  a  a z y  dz

0  2 0
c
 a2 b2 
  ba
 2  a z b  dz

0  2 
c
 a2 b2 z2 

  b z  a z  a b 
 2 2 2 0
a b c (a  b  c)

2

33. x y
4 x
Evaluate    z dx dy dz .
0 0 0
Solution:
4 x xy

I=   
x=0 y=0 z=0
z dz dy dx

x y
4xz2 
=    dydx
0 0  2  0

1 4x
=   x  y dydx
2 00
x 4
1 4 y 2  1  2 x 
4 2
34 2 3  x 3 
=   xy  dx =   x   dx =  x dx   16
2 0  2  2 0 2  40 4 3 
0  0
log 2 x x  y

  e
x y z
34. Evaluate dz dy dx .
0 0 0

Solution:
log 2 x x  y

  e 0 e e
log 2 x
z x y y x
  e
x y z
dz dy dx  dy dx
0 0 0 0 0

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 24 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

  e 
log 2 x
 2x
e 2 y  e x e y dy dx
0 0
x
log 2
 2 x e2 y x y
  e

 2
 e e  dx
0
0
log 2
 e4 x 3 2 x x 5
  
 2


2
e  e  dx 

 8
0

a a x2 2 a x y
2 2 2
dz dy dx
35. Evaluate  
0 0
0 a2  x2  y2  z2
Solution:
a a2  x2 a2  x2  y 2
dz dy dx
Let I  
x 0

y 0

z 0 a  x2  y 2  z 2
2

a2  x2  y 2
a a2  x2   z 
  sin 1   dy dx
0 0   a  x  y   0
2 2 2

a a2  x2

  sin 1 1  sin 1  0  dy dx

0 0

 
a  x2
2

a a

   2  0 dy dx  2   y 0
a2  x2
dx
0 0   0
a
 a
 x a2  x 
2 0
 a 2  x 2 dx  a2  x2  sin 1   
2  2 2  a  0

  a2     2 a2
  0     0  0  
2  2 2  8
dz dy dx
36. Evaluate   1  x2  y2  z2
for all positive values of x,y,z for which the integral is real.

Solution:
1 1 x 2 1 x 2  y 2
dz dy dx
Let I  
x 0 y 0

z 0 1  x2  y 2  z 2
1 x 2  y 2
1 1 x 2   z 
  sin 1   dy dx
  
 1 x  y
2 2
0 0 0

1 1 x 2

  sin 1 1  sin 1  0   dy dx

0 0

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 25 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

 
1 x 2

1 1

 2  0  dy dx  2   y 0
1 x 2
  dx
0 0   0

 1
2
2 0
 1  x 2 dx 
8
dz dy dx
37. Evaluate   x  y  z  1
V
3
over the region of integration bounded by the planes x  0, y  0 ,

z  0, x  y  z  1
Solution:
Here z varies from z  0 to z  1  x  y
y varies from y  0 to y  1  x
x varies from x  0 to x  1

1 1 x 1 x  y
dz dy dx 1
   x  y  z  1
V
3
     x  y  z  1 dz dy dx
x 0 y 0 z 0
3

1 1 x 1 x  y

    x  y  z  1
3
dz dy dx
0 0 0

1 x  y
1 1 x   x  y  z  1 2 
    dy dx
0 0  2  0

1 1 x
1  2 2   x  y  1 2  dy dx
2 0 
  
0

1 1 x
1 1 
2 0   4   x  y  1
2
  dy dx
0  

1 x
1 1
1

   y
 x  y  1 
1

 dx
2 0  4 1  0

1 x
1 1 1 
1

    y   x  y  1  dx
2 0 4 0

 1 1 
 1 

1
1

2 0  4 1  x   2   0   x  1  dx
 

1 1 x 1 
1
1
     
2 0  4 4 2 1 x  dx


1 3 x 
1
1
    
2 0  4 4 1 x  dx


SRM IST, Ramapuram. 26 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

1
1 3 x2 
   x   log 1  x  
2 4 8 0

1  3 1  
     log 2   0  0  0 
2  4 8  
1 5
 log 2 
2 16
Volume using Triple Integral
x2 y 2 z 2
38. Find the volume of the ellipsoid 2  2  2  1
a b c
Solution:
x2 y 2 z 2
Since the ellipsoid 2  2  2  1 is symmetric about the coordinate planes.
a b c
Volume of ellipsoid = 8  volume in the first octant.

In the first octant,

x2 y 2
z varies from 0 to c 1  
a 2 b2
x2
y varies from 0 to b 1 
a2
x varies from 0 to a
x2 x2 y 2
b 1 c 1 2  2
a a2 a b
volume  8    dz dy dx
x 0 y 0 z 0

x2
b 1
a a2 x2 y 2
c 1 
 8
0
  z
0
0
a 2 b2
dy dx

x2
b 1
a a2
x2 y 2
 8  c 1  dy dx
0 0
a 2 b2
x2
b 1
a2
c  2  x2  2 
a
 8   b 1  2   y  dy dx
b  a  
0 0  

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 27 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

x2
b 1
 2 x2    a2
 b  1    
8c  y 2  x 2  2 a 2  1 
a
  b 1  2   y   sin
y  dy dx

b 0 2  a  2  x 
2
  b 1  2 
  a 0
4c 2  x 2 
a
  
b 1  2  sin 1 1 sin 1 0 dx
b 0  a 

4c 2  x 2  
a

b 0  a 2  2
 b 1   dx

a
 x2 
 2 bc  1  2  dx
0
a 
a
 1 x3 
 2 bc  x  2 
 a 3 0
 a3   a  2a  4
 2 bc  a  2  0  2 bc  a    2 bc     abc
 3a   3  3  3

x y z
Find the volume of the tetrahedron bounded by the plane    1 and the coordinate’s planes.
a b c
39.
Solution:
x y z
The region of integration is the region bounded by    1, x  0, y  0, z  0
a b c
 x y
z varies from 0 to c 1   
 a b
 x
y varies from 0 to b  1  
 a
x varies from 0 to a
 x  x y
b 1  c  1  
a  a  a b
volume   
x 0 y 0

z 0
dz dy dx

 x
b1 
 x y

  z
a  a c1  
  a b
dy dx
0
0 0
 x
b1 
a  a
 x y
  c 1    dy dx
0 0  a b
 x
b1 
a
 x  y2   a
 c  1   y   dx
0 
a 2b  0

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 28 Department of Mathematics

 18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

a
 x   x  1 2  x  2 
 c  1   b 1    b 1    dx
0 a   a  2b  a  
a
  x 2 b  x 2 
 c  b 1    1    dx
0  a  2  a  
a
 b  x 2 
 c   1    dx
0 2  a  
bc  x  
a 2

  1    dx
2 0  a  
a
  x 3 
 1 
bc   a   abc abc
   0  1 
2  3  6 6
 a 
 0

40.
Find the volume of sphere x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 using triple integrals.
Solution:
Since the sphere x 2  y 2  z 2  a 2 is symmetric about the coordinate plane
Volume of sphere = 8  volume in the first octant.
Int the first octant,
z varies from 0 to a2  x2  y 2

y varies from 0 to a2  x2
x varies from 0 to a
a a2  x2 a2  x2  y 2

Volume of sphere =  8    dz dy dx
y 0 x 0 z 0

a a x
2 2

  z 0
a2  x2  y 2
 8 dy dx
0 0

a a  x2
2

 8  a 2  x 2  y 2 dy dx
0 0

a2  x2
 y a2  x2  y 2 a2  x2
a
 y 
 8   sin 1   dx
0   a x   0
 2 2 2 2

a
 a 2  x 2 1   a 2  x 2 1 
 8  0  sin (1)   0  sin (0)  dx
0   
2 2
a
 a2  x2 
 8   sin (1)  sin (0)  dx
1 1

0
2 

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 29 Department of Mathematics

18MAB102T Advanced Calculus and Complex Analysis Multiple Integrals

 
a
 4   a 2  x 2    0  dx
0 2 
a
 x3   a3   2a 3  4 a 3
 2  a 2 x    2  a 3    2  
 3 0  3  3  3

* ** **

SRM IST, Ramapuram. 30 Department of Mathematics