Trimble Business Center

Calibrating a Site

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 About this tutorial

About this tutorial

In this tutorial, you will do the following:
 Import grid coordinates for a survey of two water towers.
 Import RTK data to use for the site calibration.
 Specify how sideshots in the project are computed.
 Pair up the local control points and GNSS control points, and perform the site
calibration.
 Save the calibrated site so you can reuse it for future projects in the same area.

Note: If you need additional help at any time you are using the software, press F1 to
display the online help.

Understanding site calibration

The site calibration process establishes the relationship between WGS-84 data collected
by GNSS receivers and local control positions (expressed as a local map grid with
elevations above sea level). This relationship is defined by a series of mathematical
transformations. To calibrate a site, you must pair up GNSS and local control points to
be used in the calibration.
 Grid points must be derived from grid points and terrestrial observations.
 GNSS coordinates must be derived from GNSS points and observations.
The software then computes and applies the mathematical transformations using least
squares.
The mathematical transformations that are applied in order to convert WGS-84
positions to grid coordinates are as follows:
 A datum transformation to convert the WGS-84 latitude, longitude, and ellipsoidal
height coordinates to latitude, longitude, and ellipsoidal height coordinates relative
to the ellipsoid of the local map grid
 A map projection to convert the local ellipsoid latitude and longitude coordinates
into local map grid northing and easting coordinates (the height value is not altered
in this process)
 A geoid model to WGS-84 height to get approximate elevation above sea level
 A horizontal adjustment of the transformed grid coordinates to best-fit local control
data (This adjustment allows for any local variations in the projection system that
cannot be accommodated in the overall datum transformation.)

Calibrating a Site 2
 Step 1. Open the project

 A height adjustment to convert the heights above the local ellipsoid or elevations
derived from the geoid to local control elevations above sea level
The horizontal and vertical adjustment are stored as part of the coordinate system
definition for the project. All GNSS points in the database are updated using the
calibration parameters, resulting in more accurate local grid coordinate values.
You can save the new coordinate system definition (which includes the calibration
parameters) as a site for use in future projects in the same area.

Step 1. Open the project

For this tutorial, you will use the project file Calibrating a Site.vce.

Note: The downloaded CalibratingaSite folder contains this PDF file, a Data folder, and
the Calibrating a Site.vce project file. You will import data from the Data folder later in
this tutorial.

1. In TBC, select File > Open.

2. In the Open File dialog, browse to ..\CalibratingaSite\Calibrating a Site.vce and click
Open.
The project opens in the Trimble Business Center window.

The project file is read-only. You can perform the tutorial steps without saving the
project file.
You are now ready to import data into your project.

Step 2. Import data

For this tutorial, you will import two data files:

Calibrating a Site 3
 Step 2. Import data

 2tank.jxl - This file contains the local grid coordinates.

 2tankrtk.jxl - This file contains the GNSS coordinates.
1. Select Home > Data Exchange > Import.
The Import pane opens in the right side of the Trimble Business Center window.

2. In the Import pane, uncheck the Close command after import checkbox located
near the bottom of the pane.
This will cause the Import pane to stay open after the first import so you can
perform a second import.

3. In the Import pane, click the Browse button .

4. In the Browse For Folder dialog, browse to ..\CalibratingaSite\Data and click OK.
The content of the Data folder displays in the Select File(s) list in the Import pane.
You will first import the data file containing the local grid coordinates.
5. In the Select File(s) list, select 2tank.jxl and click the Import button.
The Project Definition dialog displays, allowing you to change the scale factor for
the imported file.
6. In the Project Definition dialog, do not make any changes and click OK.
After several minutes, the coordinate data is displayed in the Plan View.

Calibrating a Site 4
 Step 2. Import data

Next, you will import the GNSS coordinates to be used for the site calibration.
7. In the Import pane, select 2tankrtk.jxl in the Select File(s) list and click the Import
button.
The Import Feature Definitions dialog displays alerting you that any feature
processing will be undone.
8. In the Import Feature Definitions dialog, click Yes.
The content of the Calibrating a Site folder displays in the Select File(s) list in the
Import pane. Note that the GNSS coordinates are in a different location than the
local grid coordinates.

Calibrating a Site 5
 Step 3. Specify how sideshot points are computed

9. In the Import pane, click the Close button.

Next, you will specify how sideshot computations are performed in your project.

Step 3. Specify how sideshot points are computed

Trimble Business Center allows you to specify how to compute the position for each
sideshot point in your project:
 Use a single observation.
 Use the weighted mean of all observations.
 Use the weighted mean of like observations (for example, all RTK observations or all
total station observations).
If you select to use a weighted mean, each observation is weighted based on its
precision.
For this tutorial you will choose to use the weighted mean of like observations.
1. In the Quick Access Toolbar located at the top of the TBC window, select Project
Settings.
2. In the navigation (left) pane in the Project Settings dialog, select Computations.
3. In the Sideshot computations drop-down list, select Weighted Mean of Like
Observations.

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 Step 4. Calibrate the site

4. Click OK.
You are now ready to calibrate the site.

Step 4. Calibrate the site

While performing the site calibration, you should be able to identify any major blunders.
In addition, considering the size of the site, you should ensure all point residuals are less
than 0.020 m.
1. Select Survey > Network > Site Calibration to display the Site Calibration pane.

2. On the Calibration Settings tab, do the following:

a. Ensure the Horizontal calibration check box is checked to specify you want to
compute a horizontal shift consisting of translations in the north/south and
east/west directions, a rotation around a defined origin, and a scale factor.
If you wanted to maintain the scale of the horizontal distances, you would check
the Set scale factor to 1 check box. But you will not do so for this tutorial.
The transformation parameters are computed using least-squares methods to
find the transformation that gives the adjustment parameters that, when
applied to the GNSS positions, best fit the control grid coordinates. The
horizontal adjustment reduces any residual error
b. Ensure that the Vertical calibration check box is checked to specify you want to
compute vertical shift at the defined origin.

Calibrating a Site 7
 Step 4. Calibrate the site

c. In the Vertical calibration drop-down list, select Vertical shift + incline plane to
specify you want to include inclinations in the north and east directions in the
vertical calibration.

If you wanted to simply compute a vertical shift at the defined origin, you would
select the Vertical shift only option.
The parameters for this adjustment are computed using least-squares methods
to find an adjustment plane that best fits the elevations derived from the GNSS
heights with the control point elevations. This requires three 3D calibration
point pairs. With a single 3D calibration point pair, only the vertical shift
parameter can be computed. If there are two 3D calibration point pairs
available, the system defines a correction plane that exactly fits these pairs.
Since this project includes a geoid model, the vertical adjustment is computed
and applied on top of the geoid model corrections.

Note: If you wanted to move the false northing and easting coordinates that were
specified in the Project Definition dialog when you imported the GNSS data (for
example, you entered coordinates that do not appropriately center the projection
to where the grid coordinates are located, resulting in poor projection scale factors),
you could check the Update projection definition check box, and then select the
appropriate option. (See "Calibrate a Site" in the TBC Help for more information.)
There is no need to do so for this tutorial

3. Select the Point List tab.

This tab allows you to match the GNSS and grid point pairs to be used in the site
calibration. For this tutorial, you will match the following pairs:
 99_gps and 99
 100el_gps and 100el
 101_gps and 101
 103_gps and 103
 115_gps and 115
 116_gps and 116

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 Step 4. Calibrate the site

Note: The coordinates of each point you select must be computed from global
coordinates. Points with local coordinates cannot be selected as GNSS points.

4. Enter the point pairs as follows:

a. Click in the field to the right of the GNSS Point label and enter 99_gps.
b. Click in the field to the right of the Grid Point label and enter 99.
c. Press the Tab key to display fields to enter the next point pair.
d. Repeat for each of the point pairs listed in the previous step.
As an alternative, you can choose the point to enter in any field by selecting it in the
Plan View.

5. Click the Compute button.

Note: You may need to scroll down in the Site Calibration pane to see the Compute
button.

A warning message is displayed indicating that one or more points has a calibration
computation that exceeds the maximum allowed residual of 0.100 m. This usually
indicates some sort of blunder occurred either in the field or when selecting point
pairs.
6. Click OK in the Warning dialog.
The Results tab displays in the Site Calibration pane.

Calibrating a Site 9
 Step 4. Calibrate the site

7. Review the Results tab to identify which point pair is exceeding the maximum
residual of 0.100 m.
You can see that point 101_gps and point 116_gps both exceeded the maximum
residual of 0.100 m.

Because an error in a single point can propagate throughout the network causing
other points to have large residuals even if they are correct, either of these points
could be in error. So both points should be checked individually by changing the
calibration to use the horizontal plane only and ignore the vertical plane, since this
is the cause of the large residual.
Normally, to resolve this problem you would start by checking for errors in the
observation properties for each of these points (for example, instrument, target,
and antenna information). You would also want to verify that the correct points
were entered for these two point pairs. However, for this tutorial, you do not need
to check for these types of blunders.
8. In the Site Calibration pane, select the Point List tab and change the calibration type
for point 116_gps from Horizontal and vertical to Horizontal only.

Calibrating a Site 10
 Step 4. Calibrate the site

9. Click the Compute button.

This time, no warning message is displayed.
10. Review the Results tab.
Although no points have a calibration computation that exceeds the maximum
allowed residual of 0.100 m, note that points 103_gps and 115_gps have vertical
residuals of -0.036 m and 0.027 m respectively. These residuals exceed the limit of
0.020 m you specified as an objective for this site calibration. So you will reset the
calibration type for point 116_gps and change point 101_gps to horizontal only.
11. In the Point List tab, reset the calibration type for point 116_gps to Horizontal and
vertical and change point 101_gps to Horizontal only.
12. Click the Compute button and review the Results tab.
No residuals exceed the limit of 0.020 m.

Note: If any horizontal residuals had exceeded 0.020 m, you would follow this same
procedure.

13. Click the Apply button to apply the calibration to the project.

14. Click the Site Calibration Report button located at the top of the Site Calibration
pane.

Calibrating a Site 11
 Step 5. Save the site calibration as a new site

Keep the report open as you will need to refer to it in the next procedure.
Next, you will save the new calibration as a site that can be used by other projects in the
same area.

Step 5. Save the site calibration as a new site

1. On the Calibration Settings tab, click the Save as Site button.
The Save as Site pane displays.

2. In the Name of site field, enter a name for the new site: Tutorial and click OK.
You can now close the current project and start a new project using the newly
created site.
3. Select File > Close.
4. In the Save Changes dialog, click No.
5. In Trimble Business Center, select File > New.
6. In the New Project dialog, select <Blank Template> and click OK.

Calibrating a Site 12
 Step 5. Save the site calibration as a new site

7. After the new project opens, in the Quick Access Toolbar select Project Settings.
Then select Coordinate System in the left navigation pane and click the Change
button.

8. In the Change Coordinate System dialog, select the Calibrated Site option.
9. Select the newly created Tutorial site in the list. Then click the Finish button.

Calibrating a Site 13
 Step 5. Save the site calibration as a new site

10. In the Project Settings dialog, select Coordinate System > Site Calibration in the left
navigation pane.

11. Compare the horizontal and vertical parameters displayed the Project Settings
dialog with the parameters contained in the Site Calibration report you created at
the end of "Step 4. Calibrate the site."
12. Click OK to close the Project Settings dialog.
You are done verifying the newly saved site.

Note: To further verify the site, you could import the 2tank.jxl file into the new
project and view the data in Google Earth. See the TBC Help for instructions.

Since you will not be using the new Tutorial site after completing this tutorial, you
can delete it.
13. To delete the Tutorial site, do the following:
a. In the Quick Access Toolbar, select Coordinate System Manager.

Calibrating a Site 14
 Step 5. Save the site calibration as a new site

b. In the Coordinate System Manager window, select Local Sites in the left pane.

c. Right-click the Tutorial site and select Delete.

d. In the Confirm Delete dialog, click OK.
e. Close the Coordinate System Manager window.
f. Click Yes in the message prompting you to save changes to the .CSD file
14. On the Trimble Business Center menu bar, select File > Close.
There is no need to save the project.
This completes the tutorial.

Calibrating a Site 15