COMFUN 1200

JUSTINE EVANGELISTA
Computer Science numbers of FLOPS (floating point
 A discipline that involves the operation per second).
understanding and design of computers 5. Embedded computer
and computation processes  Inside the device
 The field of computation  The computer plant in device
 A mixture and application of applied  “Computers on a chip”
mathematics, electrical engineering and Limitation of computer
complexity  Think alone or independently
ICT/ IT  Subject to breakdown or malfunction
 Application of computer program to aid or  Has no feeling
solve business/ organizational processes Earliest computing tools
Computer science – Focus on creating SAND TABLES
software/hardware  Earliest device for computation
ICT – To apply in real life/ Application/  consists of three grooves in the sand with
Implementation a maximum of 10 pebbles in each groove.
Computer ABACUS
 An electronic device that transfers a data  Consist of sliding beads arrange in rack
into useful information. NAPIER BONES
 A machine that performs of variety  Add arithmetic × ÷
Basic Function  Made in strips of ivory bones and so the
 Accept data name NAPIER BONES
 Store data  1614 John Napier a Scottish
 Process data mathematician made a more sophisticated
 Retrieved the stored data or output computing machine called the napier
generated information as and when bones
required SLIDE RULE
Characteristics of computer  A ruler with a sliding central strip, marked
1. Speed 5. Diligent with logarithmic scales and used for rapid
2. Accuracy 6. Versatility calculation
3. Reliability 7. Resource sharing  Logarithm - a quantity representing the
4. Storage power to which a fixed number (the base)
Classification of computers must be raised to produce a given
According to Purpose number.
1. General Purpose computer Computer generation
 Designed to perform variety of tasks  Through the decade as early as the
2. Specialized Purpose computer abacus to the modern computer
 Designed to handle specific tasks nowadays
Types of data handled  The computer is continuously and rapidly
1. Analog computer moving
 Measure quantities that are continuous  Reaching unimaginable heights of
and can’t be counted innovation in technology
2. Digital computer ZEROTH GENERATION MECHANICAL ERA
 Handle information that can be 1. BLAISE PASCAL – Pascaline/ Arithmetic
counted machine
3. Hybrid computer  in 1642 a French mathematicians,
 Measuring compatibilities of both scientist and philosopher invented the 1 st
analog and digital computer functional automatic calculator
 Logical and controllable  the first calculator or adding machine to
Physical Size be produced in any quantity and actually
1. Micro computer used.
 smallest of the computer family. 2. GOTTFRIED WILHEIM VON LEIBRIZ
 1 processor  In 1694 a German mathematician
2. Mini computer extended the pascal design to perform + -
 4-200 people using it, and more than 1 ×÷
processor  This machine is known as Stepped
 Larger than micro computer Reckoner.
 (sometimes called a mid-range computer) 3. JOSEPH MARIE JACQUARD
3. Mainframe computer  In 1801 a French textile waver, invented a
 Can run multiple operating system power loam with an automatic and reader
 Also called the “Big Iron”  Also known as JACQUARD LOAM
4. Super computer  This power loam used a series of cards
 Most expensive with holes punched at different position
 Fastest  The JACQUARD LOAM was the 1st machine
 Run almost large application to use PUNCHED CARD to perform
 the special-purpose machines, which are sequence of operation
specially designed to maximize the 4. CHARLES BABBAGE
COMFUN 1200
JUSTINE EVANGELISTA
 A professor of math, invented the 1 st  A small device, the physical size of the
multipurpose machine. the Difference computer was greatly reduced.
Engine in 1823 but was never completed.  Computer become smaller, faster and
 The successor of difference engine is the cheaper
ANALYTICAL ENGINE Magnetic core – primary storage
 Difference engine – automatic mechanical Magnetic disk – secondary storage
calculator design to tabulate polynomial  Computer contained 10000 transistors
functions.  Transistor replaced vacuum tubes
 Analytical engine – is considered to be the
first general-purpose programmable 3RD GEN. (1960’s – 1970’s)
computer.  The development of INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
 Replaced several individually wired
transistors
 Called a semiconductor (integrated circuit)
5. HERMAN HOLLERITH INTEGRATED CIRCUIT
 Invented one of the 1st commercial  A small electronic device made out of a
machines which used PUNCH CARD to semiconductor material
tabulate and process the data collected in  Developed in the 1950’s by JACK KILBY of
the USA Texas instrument and ROBERT NOYCE of
 This electronic machine was able to read Fairchild semiconductor
the information  Able to reduce computation time
 Hollerith’s Tabulating machine UNIX were introduced along with simple
 which was later named as IBM programming language with BASIC (BEGINNERS
(International Business Machines). ALL PURPOSE
6. HOWARD ALKEN  SSI (small-scale integration): Up to 100
 An American mathematician under the electronic components per chip
sponsorship of IBM developed by MARK 1  MSI (medium-scale integration): From 100
 MDAS and table difference to 3,000 electronic components per chip
 Slow, noisy and bulky  LSI (large-scale integration): From 3,000
to 100,000 electronic components per chip
FIRST GENERATION – VACUUM TUBES ERA (LATE  VLSI (very large-scale integration): From
1930’s – EARLY 1940’s) 100,000 to 1,000,000 electronic components
The 1st gen. of computers was described to be per chip
very large and usually take up an entire room  ULSI (ultra large-scale integration): More
than 1 million electronic components per chip
VACUUM TUBES – circuitry
 Large bulb like elements which used filaments 4TH GEN. – MICROPROCESSORS (early 1970’s –
 Burnt out easily Present)
 Had to be relaced  The microprocessor gen. computers are
 an electronic device that controls the flow of capable of performing all tasks
electrons in a vacuum.  Development of INTERNET
 Development of GRAPHICAL USER
Magnetic field – memory INTERFECES – mouse and hand-held
Punched card – control sequence of operation device
ABC Computer (Atansoft Berry Computer) - It is  Network become common place
considered the first computing machine  WORLD WIDE WEB
Colossus – it was one of world earliest working  MICROPROCESSOR base system portable
programable and quite reliable
Example:
JOHN VON NEUMAN MACHINE  Altair 8800(1975) - it was one of the first
 Developed a concept of storing a program microcomputers.
in memory  APPLE II - one of the first highly successful
 The design of this machine still standard mass-produced microcomputer products
to this day  CRAY 1 - become one of the best known
ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and and most successful supercomputers in
Calculator history.
EDVAC - Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic  APPLE LISA (1983) - Officially, "Lisa" stood
Computer for "Local Integrated Software
EDSAC - Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Architecture“ It was the first commercial
Calculator personal computer to use graphical user
UNIVAC - Universal Automatic Computer interface(GUI) with an initial price of
 was the first commercially available $10,000.
electronic computer. th
5 GEN. (Present and beyond)
 Use of Superconductor
2ND GEN. – TRANSISTOR ERA (1940’s – 1960)  Characterized by true Artificial
TRANSISTOR Intelligence
COMFUN 1200
JUSTINE EVANGELISTA
 Voice recognition
 Use various of optical disk
 Imitate human reasoning
 Translate modern language
Beyond used to describe a leap beyond human
existing machine

 MEGA CHIPS – 5th gen. com. Will use super