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The presentation discusses the ultrasonic wave characteristics of the HC-SR04 sensor, focusing on its frequency response, signal spectrum, and propagation time across distances of 5 cm to 50 cm. Key findings indicate that as distance increases, the echo signal weakens, leading to reduced accuracy and increased noise, with optimal detection occurring within 30 cm. The study highlights the limitations of the HC-SR04 in precision applications at longer distances and suggests potential improvements for enhanced accuracy.

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Jheanniver Nablo-Peña
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2 views3 pages

Presentation Script

The presentation discusses the ultrasonic wave characteristics of the HC-SR04 sensor, focusing on its frequency response, signal spectrum, and propagation time across distances of 5 cm to 50 cm. Key findings indicate that as distance increases, the echo signal weakens, leading to reduced accuracy and increased noise, with optimal detection occurring within 30 cm. The study highlights the limitations of the HC-SR04 in precision applications at longer distances and suggests potential improvements for enhanced accuracy.

Uploaded by

Jheanniver Nablo-Peña
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presentation Script: Ultrasonic Wave Characteristics of the

HC-SR04
Introduction

Presenter: Good [morning/afternoon/evening], everyone. My name is [Your Name], and


together with my groupmates [Names], we are pleased to present our case study titled:

"Ultrasonic Wave Characteristics of the HC-SR04: A Study on Frequency, Spectrum, and


Propagation Time."

Background:
Ultrasonic sensors are widely used in robotics, automation, and security systems due to their
ability to measure distances without physical contact. The HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor is a
common choice for such applications. It works by emitting an ultrasonic pulse and measuring the
time it takes for the echo to return.

Objective:
Our study focuses on observing the characteristics of the HC-SR04 sensor, particularly its
frequency response, signal spectrum, and propagation time across varying distances ranging
from 5 cm to 50 cm. Our goal is to understand how these parameters behave under different
conditions and their impact on sensor accuracy.

Materials

To conduct this study, we used the following materials:

1. HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor – for emitting and receiving ultrasonic waves.


2. Arduino – to generate trigger pulses and process sensor data.
3. Analog Discovery 3 – a measurement device for signal monitoring.
4. Waveform Software – for real-time signal analysis.
5. Test Surface (Wood) – to provide a consistent reference for measurements.
6. Measuring Tools (Ruler, Tape, Calipers) – to ensure precise sensor placement.
7. Wiring and Breadboard Components – for electrical connections.
8. Laptop – for programming and data analysis.

Procedure

System Setup

1. Sensor Connection:
o The HC-SR04 was connected to the Arduino, with its VCC and GND linked to
power, and its Trig and Echo pins assigned to specific Arduino inputs.
2. Analog Discovery 3 Integration:
o The sensor’s Trig and Echo signals were connected to an oscilloscope to capture
real-time waveforms.

Calibration

 The HC-SR04 was placed on a flat surface at a fixed position.


 Distances were set at increments of 5 cm from 5 cm to 50 cm to ensure consistency in
measurement.

Data Collection
1. The sensor was placed perpendicular to a wooden test surface to minimize reflection
errors.
2. The waveform software was used to capture the ultrasonic signals at each distance.
3. The amplitude, frequency, and duration of the signals were recorded and analyzed.
4. The experiment was repeated to ensure accuracy and consistency of results.

Results

The collected data showed variations in time duration and echo frequency as the distance
increased.

 At 5 cm:
o Time Duration: 436.5 µs
o Echo Frequency: 1149 Hz
 At 10 cm:
o Time Duration: 683 µs
o Echo Frequency: 732 Hz
 At 15 cm:
o Time Duration: 1027 µs
o Echo Frequency: 487 Hz
 At 20 cm:
o Time Duration: 1277 µs
o Echo Frequency: 392 Hz
 At 25 cm and beyond:
o A gradual decrease in frequency and increase in noise were observed.
o At 50 cm, the frequency was reduced to 179 Hz, and the signal became
significantly weaker.

Key Findings:

 As the distance increases, the echo signal weakens, leading to reduced accuracy.
 Beyond 30 cm, signal noise becomes more pronounced, affecting reliability.
 Higher frequencies were observed at closer distances, while lower frequencies
dominated at farther distances.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates that distance plays a critical role in ultrasonic sensor accuracy. As
the target moves farther away, the echo signal weakens, and noise increases, making it difficult
to obtain precise measurements.

 The optimal range for accurate detection using the HC-SR04 is within 30 cm.
 Beyond this range, interference and signal loss increase, affecting performance.

Final Thoughts:

This study provides valuable insights into the limitations of the HC-SR04 sensor, especially in
applications that require high precision at longer distances. Future improvements could include
better filtering techniques or the use of higher-frequency ultrasonic sensors for enhanced
accuracy.

Closing Statement

"Thank you for your time and attention. We are now open for any questions."

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