QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE END SEMESTER EXAMINATIONS,

NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2021
Third Semester
Mechanical Engineering
CE8394 - FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY
(Regulations 2017)
PART - A (10 X 2 = 20 Marks)
S.No PART –A Mark
Split-up
1 Define specific gravity. How is it related to density.
It is the ratio of the specific weight of the fluid to the specific weight of the standard
fluid.
Specific Gravity=(Specific weight of the liquid)/(Specific weight of the pure
(2)
water)
Where,
Weight density of liquid = S x Weight density of the water
Density of liquid = S x density of water
2 Describe impulse momentum equation.
The total force acting on fluid is equal to rate of change of momentum, according to
Newton’s second law of motion, F=ma (2)

F.dt=d(mv)
3 What is meant by hydraulic gradient lines?
Hydraulic gradient lines is defined as the line which gives the sum of
(2)
pressure head and datum head of the flowing fluid in a pipe with respect the
reference line
4 List the uses of Moody’s diagram (2)
It can be used to
• Predict pressure drop
• Flow rate down
5 Derive the surface tension in MLT

(2)

6 Define Froude's number.

The Froude’s number is defined as the square root of the ratio of inertia force of a (2)
flowing fluid to the gravity force.
Mathematically it is expressed as

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

7 Define manometric head and write its mathematical equation.

It is defined as the maximum amount of head against which the pump has
to work to deliver the required discharge. (2)

8 Define negative slip.

If actual discharge is more than the theoretical discharge the slip of the pump is (2)
negative. In that case the slip of the pump is known as negative slip..
9 Define radial discharge
The angle made by absolute velocity with the tangent on the wheel is 〖90〗^0 and (2)
the component of the whirl velocity is zero
10 Discuss the need for draft tube.
Draft tube reduce the velocity of the discharged water to minimize the loss of kinetic (2)
energy at the outlet.

PART - B (5 X 13 = 65 Marks)
11. a (i) Describe an expression for the capillary rise at a liquid in a capillary
tube of radius r having surface tension σ and contact angle θ. If the plates are
of glass, what will be the capillary effect of water having σ =0.073N/m, θ =0o?
Take r= 1mm.

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

  d  cos 4 cos
h 
(or)  2 gd
d g
4 (5M)

(3m)
(ii) Explain the properties of fluid.
1. Density
2. Specific Gravity
3. Viscosity
4. Surface Tension
5. Capillarity
6. Compressibility
7. Bulk modulus
8. Vapour pressure (5m)

11. b. Water flows through a pipe AB 1.2m diameter at 3m/s and then passes through a
pipe BC 1.5m.At C the pipe branches. Branch CD is 0.8m in diameter and carries one
thirds of the flow in AB. The flow velocity in CE is 2.5m/s. Determine the volume rate of
flow in AB, the velocity in BC, the velocity in CD & the diameter of CE.

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

(4m)

(3m)

(3 m)

(3m)

12. a. i) Develop an expression for the velocity distribution for viscous flow
through circular pipe. Also sketch the distribution of velocity across a section
of the pipe.

(3m)

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

(3m)

(1m)

12. a. ii) An oil of viscosity 0.1 Ns/m2 and relative density 0.9 is flowing
through a circular pipe of diameter 50 mm and of length 300 m. The rate of
flow of fluid is 3.5 litre/s. Determine the pressure drop in a length of 300 m
and also the shear stress at wall.

(3m)

(3m)
12 b. a. A Two pipes of diameter 40 cm and 20 cm are each 300 m long.
When the pipes are connected in series and the discharge through the pipe

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

line is 0.10 m3/sec, Determine the loss of head incurred, What would be the
loss of head in the system to pass the same total discharge when the pipes
are connected in parallel? Take f= 0.0075 for each pipe.
CASE (I) Pipes are connected series

(7m)
CASE (II) Pipes are connected Parallel

(6m)

13. a. Using Buckingham’s  - theorem develop the resistance ‘R’ to the

motion of sphere of diameter ‘D’, moving with uniform velocity ‘V’
through a fluid of density ‘ρ‘ and viscosity ‘μ‘ is given by

(2m)

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

(3m)

(3m)

(3m)

(2m)
13.b. A ship model of scale 1/50 is towed through sea water at a speed of
1m/s. A force of 2 N is required to tow the model. Determine the speed of
ship and the propulsive force on the ship, if prototype is subjected to wave
resistance only.

(7m)

(6m)

14. a. The internal and external diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump

which is running at 1000 rpm are 200 mm and 400 mm respectively. The
discharge through pump is 0.04 m3/s and velocity of flow is constant and
equal to 2.0 m/s. The diameters of suction and delivery pipes are 150 mm and
100 mm respectively and suction and delivery heads are 6m and 30 m of water
respectively. If the outlet vane angle is 45o and power required to drive the
pump is 16.186 kW, compute
i) Vane angle of the impeller
ii) Overall efficiency of pump
iii) Manometric efficiency of pump.

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

(3m)

(3m)

(3m)

(4m)

14. b. A double acting reciprocating pump, running at 40 rpm is discharging

1.0 m3 of water per minute. The pump has a stroke of 400 mm. The diameter of
the piston is 200 mm. The delivery and suction head are 20 m and 5 m
respectively. Compute the slip of the pump and power required to drive the
pump.

(4m)

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

(4m)

(5m)

15. a The following data is given for Francis turbine: Net head = 60 m, speed
700 rpm, shaft power = 294.3 kW, ηo= 84%, ηh=93%, flow ratio= 0.2 , breadth
ratio= 0.1, outer diameter of runner = 2x inner diameter of runner. The
thickness of vanes occupies 5% of the circumferential area of the runner.
Velocity of flow is constant at inlet and outlet and discharge is radial at outlet.
Calculate:
(i) the guide blade angle
(ii) runner vane angle at inlet and outlet
(iii) diameter of runner at inlet and outlet
(iv) width of wheel at inlet

(3m)

(3m)

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

(3m)

(4m)
15. b. A turbine is to operate under a head of 25 m at 200 rpm. The discharge is 9 m3/s. If
the efficiency is 90% , determine the performance of turbine under a head of 20 metres

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

(13m)

PART - C (1 X 15 = 15 Marks)
16.a. A pipe of diameter 20 cm and length 50 m is connected one end to a tank and other
end of the pipe is open to atmosphere. The pipe is horizontal and the height of water in
the tank is 4 m above the centre of pipe. Consider all minor losses and take f=0.009,
determine the flow rate of water through the pipe. Draw the hydraulic gradient and total
energy line.

(3m)

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

(3m)

(4m)

(5m)

16.b. A pelton wheel is to be designed for a head of 60m when running at 200
r.p.m. The pelton wheel develops 95.6475 KW shaft power. The velocity of the
buckets = 0.45 times the velocity of the jet, overall efficiency = 0.85 and
coefficient of the velocity is equal to 0.98.

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

1. Velocity of jet.

V1=Cv× = = 3362m/s

Bucket velocity, u=u1=u2=0.45×33.62 = 15.13 m/s

But, u =(πDN)/60, [where, D = Dia of wheel]

15.13= (π×D×200)/60

∴∴ D=(60×15.13)/(π×200)

D = 1.44m (4m)

2.Diameter of jet (d)

overall efficiency, o= 0.85

But o =S.P/W.P

= (95.6475×1000)/(p×g×Q×H)

Q = (95.6475×10000)/(.85×1000×9.81×60) =0.1912 m3/sec

But, Q = Area of jet x Velocity of jet

∴ 0.1912=0.1912=(π/4)×d2×v1

d= 0.085m = 85mm (4m)

3. Size of buckets.

width of buckets = 5 x d

= 5 x 85

= 425 mm

Depth of buckets = 1.2 x d

= 1.2 x 85

= 102 mm. (4m)

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 QUESTION PAPER CODE: 90081

4. Number of buckets on the wheel is given by,

z=15+(D/2d) = = 15 + 8.5

Z = 23.5  24 (3m)

COURSE INSTRUCTOR COURSE CO-ORDINATOR HOD

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