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 What is SQL & NOSQL
What is SQL?
SQL is a domain-specific language used to query and manage data. It
works by allowing users to query, insert, delete, and update records in
relational databases. SQL also allows for complex logic to be applied
through the use of transactions and embedded procedures such as
stored functions or views.

What is NoSQL?
NoSQL stands for Not only SQL. It is a type of database that uses
non-relational data structures, such as documents, graph databases,
and key-value stores to store and retrieve data. NoSQL systems are
designed to be more flexible than traditional relational databases and
can scale up or down easily to accommodate changes in usage or
load. This makes them ideal for use in applications

Why NoSQL is Used Over SQL

NoSQL is preferred over SQL in many cases because it offers more
flexibility and scalability. The primary benefit of using a NoSQL system
is that it provides developers with the ability to store and access data
quickly and easily, without the overhead of a traditional relational
database. As a result, development teams can focus on delivering
features and core business logic faster, without worrying about the
underlying data storage implementation.

Which is better SQL or NoSQL?

The decision of which type of database to use - SQL or NoSQL - will
depend on the particular needs and requirements of the project. For
example, if you need a fast, scalable, and reliable database for web
applications then a NoSQL system may be preferable. On the other
hand, if your application requires complex data queries and
transactional support then an SQL system may be the better choice.
 Ultimately, there is no one-size-fits-all solution - it all comes down to
what you need from your database and which type of system can
provide that in the most efficient manner. It's best to research both
options thoroughly before making a decision.

Below, learn in-depth about the most important distinctions between

SQL vs NoSQL databases and the best systems available on the
market.

Comparison of SQL vs NoSQL

With a basic understanding of what SQL vs NoSQL is, let's take a look
at this quick comparison chart to see what sets the two apart:

SQL NoSQL
Stands for Structured Query
Stands for Not Only SQL.
Language.
Relational database management Non-relational database
system (RDBMS). management system.
Suitable for structured data with Suitable for unstructured and semi-
predefined schema. structured data.
Data is stored in tables with columns Data is stored in collections or
and rows. documents.
Follows ACID properties (Atomicity,
Does not necessarily follow ACID
Consistency, Isolation, Durability) for
properties.
transaction management.
Does not support JOIN and complex
Supports JOIN and complex queries.
queries.
Uses normalized data structure. Uses denormalized data structure.
Requires vertical scaling to handle Horizontal scaling is possible to
large volumes of data. handle large volumes of data.
Examples: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Examples: MongoDB, Cassandra,
Oracle, SQL Server, Microsoft SQL Couchbase, Amazon DynamoDB,
Server. Redis.
 Now that you understand the fundamentals, let's explore five key
differences between SQL and NoSQL databases that can help you
decide which technology best suits your data storage needs.

Database Architecture
At the most basic level, the biggest difference between these two
technologies is that SQL databases are relational, while NoSQL
databases are non-relational.

What are Relational Databases?

Relational databases use Structured Query Language (SQL) to store
and retrieve data.

 Relational databases (also called relational database management

systems or RDBMSs) store data in rows and tables. These systems
connect information from various tables with keys — unique identifiers
that the database assigns to rows of data in tables. Primary keys and
foreign keys facilitate this process.
What are Non-Relational Databases (NoSQL)?
Non-relational, or NoSQL databases are more flexible and don’t
necessarily require the same rigid structure as SQL.

 Non-relational databases store data just like relational databases.

However, they don't contain any rows, tables, or keys. This type of
database utilizes a storage model based on the type of data it stores.
Read more: Which Modern Database is Right for Your Use Case?

Database Schemas and Query

Languages
 SQL databases use structured query language and have a pre-
defined schema for defining and manipulating data. SQL is one of the
most versatile and widely used query languages available, making it a
safe choice for many use cases. It’s perfect for complex queries.
However, SQL can be too restrictive. You have to use predefined
schemas to determine your data structure before you can work with it.
All of your data must follow the same structure, and this process
requires significant upfront preparation. If you ever need to change
your data structure, it would be difficult and disruptive to your whole
system.

NoSQL databases have dynamic schemas for unstructured data and

store data in many ways. You can use column-oriented, document-
oriented, graph-based, or KeyValue stores for your data. This flexibility
means that:

 You can create documents without having to first define their

structure.
 Each document can have its own unique structure.
 The syntax can vary from database to database.
 You can add fields as you go.

Database Scaling
Another difference between SQL vs NoSQL databases is scaling. SQL
databases are vertically scalable in most situations. That means you
can increase the load on a single server by adding more CPU, RAM,
or SSD capacity.

NoSQL databases are horizontally scalable. You can handle higher

traffic via a process called sharding, which adds more servers to your
NoSQL database. Horizontal scaling has a greater overall capacity
than vertical scaling, making NoSQL databases the preferred choice
for large and frequently changing data sets. For example, you might
use a NoSQL database if you have large data objects like images and
videos. An SQL database wouldn't be able to handle these objects as
effectively, making it difficult to fulfill your data requirements.
Data Structure
SQL databases are table-based, where each field in a data record has
the same name as a table column. This proves beneficial when
performing multiple data transformations.

NoSQL databases are document, key-value, graph, or wide-column

stores. These flexible data models make NoSQL databases easier for
some developers to use.

Use Cases
SQL databases are better for multi-row transactions, while NoSQL is
better for unstructured data like documents or JSON. SQL databases
are also commonly used for legacy systems built around a relational
structure.

You might use an SQL database for user-oriented applications with

several join operations. SQL schema will help you establish ACID
properties and improve data compatibility. These databases are also
useful when quickly finding the data you need to complete a task.

You might use a NoSQL database for applications with dynamic data
without join operations. NoSQL is also better suited for applications
with missing data sets that won't impact business efficiency.

Some examples of SQL databases

include MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, and Microsoft SQL Server.
NoSQL database examples include MongoDB, BigTable, Redis,
Cassandra, HBase, Neo4j, and CouchDB.

When to use SQL vs NoSQL

It really comes down to the type of application you are building and the
data requirements it entails. Understanding each database's unique
features will help you decide which one is best for your project. It is
 also important to consider scalability and performance when making a
decision on whether to use SQL or NoSQL. Knowing which database
fits your needs can improve performance, ensure data integrity, and
ultimately help you create a successful application.

In general, SQL databases are suitable for structured data, where

data is consistent, and relationships between tables are well-defined.
In contrast, NoSQL databases are suitable for semi-structured or
unstructured data, where the data does not conform to a predefined
schema, and relationships between data elements are not well-
defined. SQL databases are typically used in applications that require
complex queries and transaction management, whereas NoSQL
databases are used in applications that require high performance and
scalability, such as web applications and mobile apps.

Now that you know the key differences between SQL vs NoSQL
databases, it’s time to explore the different options available for your
workloads.

SQL Database Systems

Here are some of the most popular SQL database systems:

MySQL
 Free and open-source
 An extremely established database with a huge community, extensive
testing, and lots of stability
 Supports all major platforms
 Replication and sharding are available
 Covers a wide range of use cases
Oracle
 Commercial database with frequent updates, professional
management, and excellent customer support
 Procedural Language/SQL or PL/SQL is the SQL dialect used
 One of the most expensive database solutions
 Works with huge databases
 Simple upgrades
 Transaction control
 Compatible with all operating systems
 Suitable for enterprises and organizations with demanding workloads
Microsoft SQL Server
 A commercial database developed and managed by Microsoft
 Transact SQL, or T-SQL, is the SQL dialect used
 Only works with Windows and Linux
 User-friendly
 Difficult to make adjustments mid-process when finding errors
 Excellent documentation
 Works well for small-to-medium-sized organizations that want a
commercial database solution without the cost of Oracle
PostgreSQL
 Object-oriented database management system, meaning it’s a hybrid
SQL/NoSQL database solution
 Free and open-source
 Compatibility with a wide range of operating systems
 Active community and many third-party service providers
 High ACID compliance
 Uses pure SQL
 Works best for use cases where data doesn’t support a relational
model. It also works well for extra-large databases and when running
complicated queries
Read more: Data Warehouse vs. Database: 7 Key Differences

NoSQL Database Systems

Here are a couple of the most popular NoSQL database systems:

MongoDB
 By far the most popular NoSQL database, and for good reason
 Free to use
 Dynamic schema
 Horizontally scalable
 Excellent performance with simple queries
 Add new columns and fields without impacting your existing rows or
application performance
 Works best for companies going through rapid growth stages or those
with a lot of unstructured data
 Lesser-known alternatives to MongoDB include Apache Cassandra,
Google Cloud BigTable, and Apache HBase
Cassandra
 Handles large amounts of data across commodity servers
 High availability with no point of failure
 Follows peer-to-peer architecture
 Scalable
 Open-source
Read more: Complete Guide to Database Schema Design

How Integrate.io Helps With SQL/NoSQL

Database Integration
Once you’ve decided on SQL or NoSQL databases, you need to move
data into them! Data integration is a complex process that may
present serious challenges. Do it wrong, and you could lose valuable
data sets or face fines for non-compliance with data governance
frameworks like GDPR and CCPA.

Integrate.io can help you overcome the challenges of data integration.

This no-code data pipeline platform moves data sets from siloed
sources into a supported database of your choice without lots of
programming or data engineering.

Integrate.io has hundreds of built-in integrations that make it easy to

work with your new database technology, whether you choose a SQL
or NoSQL system. For example, the platform's out-of-the-
box MongoDB connector ETLs data from a source to this popular
database without the need to build data pipelines from scratch or hire
additional engineers. The native connector extracts data from a
source, transforms it into the correct format for MongoDB, and loads it
 into the database. Alternatively, you can ETL MongoDB data to a data
warehouse for analytics and generate intelligence about your business
for better decision-making.

Other Integrate.io benefits include:

 World-class customer service

 Easy data transformations
 Compliance with data governance frameworks
 Online tutorials, FAQs, and other resources
Integrate.io helps you integrate data to and from a supported SQL or
NoSQL database. The no-code data pipeline platform streamlines
integration for your particular use case, removing the pain points of
moving data between two or more locations. Schedule a demo now.

FAQ: Understanding SQL

vs NoSQL Databases
1. What is the main difference between SQL and NoSQL
databases?

SQL databases are relational, using a structured query language for

managing structured data with a predefined schema in tables. NoSQL
databases are non-relational, offering a flexible approach for handling
unstructured or dynamic data without a fixed schema, often in formats
like documents or JSON.

2. Why would someone prefer using a NoSQL database over

an SQL database?

NoSQL databases are preferred for their flexibility and scalability,

especially suitable for applications with
large, unstructured data sets or rapidly changing data structures. They
allow for quicker and easier data storage and access without the need
for a predefined schema, facilitating faster development cycles.
3. Can SQL databases handle the same types of data as NoSQL
databases?

SQL databases are designed for structured data and are highly
effective in managing complex queries and transactions with relational
data. While they can handle structured data efficiently, they are not as
flexible as NoSQL databases in dealing with unstructured or semi-
structured data due to their fixed schema requirements.

4. How do SQL and NoSQL databases scale differently?

SQL databases scale vertically, meaning they require more powerful

hardware to handle increased loads. NoSQL databases scale
horizontally, allowing them to distribute data across multiple servers to
manage larger volumes of traffic or data, making them better suited for
web-scale applications.

5. What are some examples of SQL and NoSQL

database systems?

Examples of SQL database systems

include MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, and Microsoft SQL Server,
known for their robust transactional support and complex
query capabilities. NoSQL database examples
include MongoDB, Cassandra, Redis, and Amazon DynamoDB,
favored for their scalability and flexibility with unstructured data.