Zero Conditional:​ If + present simple, → present simple

We use the zero conditional when we want to talk about general situations and things that
are always true.

Example: If a cat gets angry, it attacks. (this is true about all cats in general).
​ ​ ^​ ^ ^
​ If + present simple, → present simple

​ If babies don’t feel tired, they don’t sleep.

​ ^ ^ ^
​ If + present simple, → present simple

First Conditional: If + present simple, → will + verb

We use the first conditional when we want to talk about something specific that may or may
not happen in the future.

Example: If it rains on Sunday, we will stay at home. (specifically this Sunday)

​ ^ ^ ^
​ If + present simple, → → → will + verb

​ If it doesn’t rain on Sunday, we won’t stay home.

​ ​ ^ ^ ^
​ If + present simple, → → → will + verb

Second Conditional: If + past simple, → would /could /might +verb

We use the second conditional to talk about imaginary or unreal situations in the present.

Example:​ If I were rich, I would buy a big house. (but I am not rich in the present).
​ ​ ^ ^ ^
​ ​ If + past simple, → would + verb

If + past simple → would +verb

​ ​ ^​ ^ ^
If you didn’t study hard, you wouldn’t be a good student.

(but you study hard, so you are a good student in the present).
 CONDITIONAL RULES

●​ Conditional sentences have got 2 parts:

The “if” part and the main part

^​ ​ ^
If it rains, we won’t go to the park.

●​ The “if” part and the main part can change places and go first or second in the sentence.

So, we can say:

If it rains, we won’t go to the park → comma

But we can also say:

We won’t go to the park if it rains. → no comma

●​ Both the “if” part and the main part can be positive(v), negative(x) or interrogative(?):

Examples:

If you study hard, you won’t fail the exam.

​ ^​ ​ ​ ^
positive​ ​ negative

If he invites you to his party, will you go?

​ ^​ ​ ​ ^
Positive interrogative

●​ “If” is NEVER followed by “will” or “would”.

Remember, will, won’t , would, could, and might go in the MAIN PART of the conditional.

If it will rain we won’t go to the park < WRONG

If it rains, we won’t go to the park. < CORRECT

●​ In the first conditional, we can use the word “unless” instead of “if not”.

Examples:
You won’t pass the exam if you don’t study.
You won’t pass the exam unless you study.

He won’t pass the exam if he doesn’t study.

He won’t pass the exam unless he studies.
Zero Conditional exercise:

1.​ If you ___________________(heat) water, it____________________(boil).

2.​ If a dog ________________(get) scared, it ____________________(bark).
3.​ If people _______________(eat) too much, they _______________(get) fat.
4.​ If a baby _______________(be) hungry, it_________________(cry).
5.​ If you __________________(touch) something hot, you _____________(get) burned.
6.​ Everybody _______________(feel) sad if it _______________(rain) a lot.
7.​ If children________________(not/eat) vegetables, they _______________(not/be)
healthy.
8.​ A cat _________________(not/miaow) if it _______________(get) hungry.
9.​ If someone _______________(sleep) late at night, he ______________(be) tired.
10.​You _______________(get) yellow fingers if you _________________(smoke)
11.​If you __________________(not/smoke), you ________________(not/get) yellow
fingers.
12.​Ice ____________________(melt) if it ___________________(heat).

First Conditional exercise:

1.​ If your sister ___________________(go) to Paris, she _________(have) a good time.

2.​ If he _________ (do) that, he ________________(be) sorry.
3.​ You __________(not do) well on your test if you __________________(not study).
4.​ They_____________(not know) the truth if you _____________(not tell) them.
5.​ If you ______________(not come) to the party, I ___________(be) very upset.
6.​ If you______________(get) a haircut, you ____________(look) much better.
7.​ Anna _____________(be) late for school if she ______________(not wake up)
soon.
8.​ If I _____________(not clean) my room, my mum _____________(be) upset.
9.​ They ________________(go) on a holiday if the weather______________(be) good.
10.​I _________________(get) angry if you _________________(not take) what I say
seriously.

Second conditional exercise:

1.​ If the weather _____________(not be) so bad, we ______________( go) to the park.
(But the weather is bad so we can't go.)
2.​ If I _______________(be) the Queen of England, I ______________( give) everyone
some money. (But I am not the Queen.)
3.​ If you really ______________(love) me, you ______________(buy) me a new car.
4.​ If I _____________(know) where she lived, I _______________(go) and see her.
5.​ I ______________(be) happy if I____________(have) more free time.
6.​ I ________________(tell)you the answer if I ___________(know) what it was.
7.​ There ______________(be)fewer accidents if everyone _____________(drive)more
carefully.
8.​ We _______________(get) a lot of money if we____________(sell) our house.
9.​ What _________you________(do) if you ____________(win) the lottery?
10.​__________you ___________(accept) the job if I__________(offer) it to
you?
Rewrite the sentences using unless:

1.​ You won’t do well on your test if you don’t study.

___________________________________________________________________
2.​ If he doesn’t apologize, i will be very angry.
___________________________________________________________________

3.​ Sue won’t buy that dress if she doesn’t try it on.
___________________________________________________________________

4.​ If we don’t work hard, we will not succeed.

___________________________________________________________________

5.​ Tom won’t lose weight if he doesn’t diet.

___________________________________________________________________

6.​ I will pat the dog if it doesn’t bite.

___________________________________________________________________

7.​ If you don’t want to be unhealthy, you will eat lots of vegetables.
___________________________________________________________________

8.​ He won’t buy a new phone if he doesn’t break his old one.
___________________________________________________________________

Complete the sentences with the zero or first conditional.

1.​ If a child _______________(be) hungry, it_________________(cry).

2.​ You ________________(love) this film if you________________(see) it!
3.​ If you______________(get) a haircut, you ____________(look) much better.
4.​ People usually_______________(feel) sad if the weather _______________(be) bad.
5.​ If you ______________(shout) at a child, it ______________(get) upset.
6.​ I _______________(read) this book if I______________(have) time.
7.​ Snakes _____________(bite) if you _____________(scare) them.
8.​ This bomb ______________(explode) if you______________(not / destroy) it.
9.​ My parents________________(not/ believe) me if I ___________(tell) them this lie!
10.​If you___________(mix) red and blue, you __________(get) purple.

First or second conditional?

1.​ He's coming to our offices tomorrow. If I ____________(see) him, I'll give him the
message.
2.​ We ______________(move) if we had the money. Unfortunately new houses are very
expensive in this area.
3.​ If I ______________(be) a millionaire, I'd still work so that I didn't get bored.
4.​ If I _________________(tell) you a secret, will you promise not to tell anyone?
5.​ Do you think it would be better if I _______________(wait) another week, or shall I sell
my shares in the company now?
6.​ If he causes any more problems, I ______________(fire) him.
7.​ Would you mind if I ________________(open) the window? It's really hot in here.
8.​ If I _______________(lose) my job, I'd apply to join the police.
9.​ Where would you go if you______________ (can) go anywhere in the world?
10.​If you _____________(see) her, will you say hello to her?
 First Conditional – Negative Sentences Complete the following sentences with
the correct tense of the verbs provided.

1. We ___________________ (not/play) tennis tomorrow if it ________ (rain).

2. She _____________ (let) the children play in the house if they ____________
(not/make) too much noise.

3. If we ___________ (not/hurry), we ________________ (miss) our plane.

4. The bee _______________ (not/sting) you if you _________________

(not/move).

5. If you ______________ (not/speak) louder, no one _____________ (hear) you.

6. We ____________ (be) late if we _________________(not/take) the car.

7. If it ____________(not/be) hot tomorrow, we _________ (not/go) to the beach.

8. If you ____________ (not/take) your umbrella, you ______________ (get) wet.

9. You ____________ (not/pass) your test if you ___________ (not/study) harder.

10. If he _____________ (not/ find) a job soon, she _____________ (not/marry)

him.

11. They _______________ (not/forgive) you if you ________________ (not/say)

you’re sorry.

12. The bank ___________ (not/lend) you money if you ____________ (not/have)
a good job.

13. If you ____________(not/clean) your room, your mother _________ (not/let)

you go to the movie tonight.

14. If you ____________(not/quit) smoking, you __________________ (get) sick.

15. You _____________ (not/be able) to sleep if you ________________ (watch)

that horror movie.

16. If you __________ (not/set) your alarm clock, you ____________ (not/wake)
up on time.

17. You ______________ (not/improve) if you ________________ (not/practice).