Scribd
Upload
5 views4 pages

Experiment 2

Uploaded by

Shosho 474
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views4 pages

Experiment 2

Uploaded by

Shosho 474
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

hatha Sec I

S Al salmon
Experiment 1 2

Graphing
1. Objective

To learn to quickly and accurately plot a graph and how to use graphical techniques
to represent and analyze laboratory data.

2. Steps in plotting a graph


2.1 What is to be plotted?

When student is told to plot, say variable V1 versus variable V2 it is important that he
understands that this means: V1 is the dependent variable, plotted in “y” or vertical
axis and V2 is the independent variable, plotted on the “x” or horizontal axis.

2.2 choice of scale

The scale for a variable is the number of centimeters of length of the graph paper
given to a unit of the variable being plotted. Note that in general, the scales along the
x and y axes may be different.

Two things need careful consideration before choosing the scales for a graph:

 The range of variable.


 Convenience in plotting.
2.3 Label the Axes

The vertical and horizontal axes of the graph paper should carry labels indicating the
quantities plotted, with units. In our previous example, the label on the y – axis would
be: S (cm). Some instructors also ask students to put a legend on the graph. (example:
Plot of V1 versus V2).

1
2.4 Circle your data point

Each data point should have a neat circle drawn around it.

2.5 Drawing straight line through the data points

When the data fall on a straight line (or are expected theoretically to do so) a ruler
may be to draw a straight line through the points. Observe the following rules; The
line is drawn to match the data trend, and for data with some “scatter” balance some
points above and below the line. Points which fall far outside the general data trend
should be double – checked for correct plotting, then if found correctly plotted,
ignored in drawing the line. (see figure 1.1: v1 vs v2)

Figure 1.1 v1 versus v2

2
3. Graphical Analysis

For data sets (x; y) obeying a linear relation: y = mx + b, we can use a graph of the
data to determine the values of m and b. On the graph, these are found to be:

 b: y – intercept of the graph (value of y when x = 0)


∆𝐲 𝒚𝟐 −𝒚𝟏
 m: slope of the graph = = .
∆𝐱 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏

Note that in finding the slope, we should choose the point (x1;y1), (x2;y2) relatively far
apart for accuracy. These values should not be chosen to correspond to data points
even if they appear to lie on the straight line. Data sets which do not follow a linear
relation may often be forced to do so for analysis purpose. For example, suppose we
𝟏
have a set of data, which we believe obeys: 𝑺 = 𝒂𝒕𝟐 . We can verify that the relation
𝟐
is satisfied by plotting S vs t . If this relation holds, the resulting graph will be a straight
2

𝒂
line with intercept zero. The slope of the graph in this case gives us the constant .
𝟐

Exercise1
The data set given in table 1 is expected to obey a linear relation:𝒗 = 𝒗𝟎 + 𝒂𝒕. You
are asked to choose a good set of scales for the data, make a careful and accurate graph
of (𝒗 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝒕) and analyze the graph to obtain:

1. Slope
2. y – intercept.

Before plotting; decide which variable goes on x – axis, and which goes on y – axis.
Table 1.
t (s) 2 5 7 10 15 17
𝑣 (m/s) 12 19 25 32 44 49

Also obtain acceleration 𝒂 and initial velocity 𝒗𝟎 ( intercept on y – axis).

3
us

in

no

velocity

i
is

a
s
i
n a s a s a a s a o n i n u is to a is

Time

a
BI 44tk 3smts 2.4mI

You might also like