LIST

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
list are mutable sequence of python
mutable = changable
lists are collection of elements which can store into the single variable, the
lists are depicted through square brackets [],
e.g
a = 10
a = [10]
a = [10,9,8,7]
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TYPES OF LIST:
1.Empty list
li = []

2.Number list:
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
(only whole numbers no decimal)

3.Decimal list
li = [1.2,2.56,5.67]

4.String/test/character list:
li = ['name_1','name_2','name_3']

5.Mixed List
li = [1101,'name',23.32] (heterogenious)

- A list can contain heterogenious types of data...

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
#index number

- to use a single element from a list

say
li = [1,2,3,4,5]

[1][2][3][4][5]
index number = 0 1 2 3 4

- index number always starts with 0

Syntax:
print (li[index_n0.])

e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5] Output: 1
print (li[0])
print (li[1]) Output: 2

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]

 li[0] li[1] li[2] li[3] li[4]

- index number can be negative

e.g.
print (li[-1]) output: 5

-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 <------- (not zero beacuse zero cannot be negative)

[1][2][3][4][5]
index number = 0 1 2 3 4

- for more than one element

syntax:
print (li[index_1,index_2])

e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5]
print (li[1:4]) Output: [2 , 3 , 4]

e.g.
li2=['a','e','i','o','u']
print (li2)
print(li2[2])
li2[2]='z'
print (li2)

-value and size are mutable in list.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------

*FUNCTIONS

- functions are set of statement with some specific work

*TYPES OF FUNCTIONS

1.LIBRARY FUNCTION
- it is also known as built i or ready made function.

2.USER DEFINED FUNCTION

- it is made according to the user's will/requirement
-in a function there shoulld be an append() and, if it is not there then it is no a
function

#.append() - add at the very end

[23][34][67][78]{234}{345}
^ ^
| |

appended elements
#.extend() - same as append()

Syntax: listname.append(elemnts to add at the very end)

###e.g.{append}
li = [1,2,3,4,5]
li.append([90,56])
print (li)

output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, [90, 56]]

###e.g.{extend}
li = [1,2,3,4,5]
li.extend([90,56])
print (li)

output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 90, 56]

# difference b/w both

for multiple value when using append(), the value gets alloted the same index_no. ,
whereas in extend() , multiple value get stored in multiple index no.s

li.append([67,78,70])

li = [][][][]{67}{78}{70}
index no. 1 2 3 4 5

li.extend([67,78,90])
li = [][][][]{67}{78}{90}
index no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

#insert(_,_)
to add a value as per the list (can add a value in between)

Synatx:
listname.insert(indexno,your value)

###e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5]
print (li)

output:[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

li = [1,2,3,4,5]
li.insert(2,78)
print (li)

output:[1, 2, 78, 3, 4, 5]

*To a delete a value or element in a list

- del <------not a function
- pop()
- clear()
- remove()
[functions end with a "()". Here, 'del' is not a function]

#del
###e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5]
del li[3]
print(li)

OUTPUT:[1, 2, 3, 5]

#to delete multiple elements:-

###e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
del li[0:7] <------------------------deletes elements from index no's 0 to 6
print(li)

OUTPUT:
[8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]

#pop()
###e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
li.pop(4)
print(li)

OUTPUT: [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]

###e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
li.pop()
print(li)
#if no index no. is alloted then the last element will get deleted

OUTPUT:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14]

#clear()
clears the entire list (does not require an attribute in newer versions)

#remove()
delets one or more specified elements
###eg.
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
li.remove(7)
print(li)

OUTPUT:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]

***Binary Operators on a list

2 operands = binary
1 operand = unirary (python only has binary operators)
a+b

a + b
('a' and 'b' are operands)
('+' binary operator)

###e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
li2 = [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65]
print (li+li2)
OUTPUT:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
64, 65]

###e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
li2 = [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65]
print (li+3)

OUTPUT:
TypeError: can only concatenate list (not "int") to list

Here 3 is an integer and not a list

###e.g.
li = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15]
li2 = [56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65]
print (li+li2)
print ("Example 2:")
print (li*3)

Output:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63,
64, 65]
Example 2:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15]

###e.g.
li3 = ['a','b','c','d','e','f']
li4 = ['q','w','e','r','t']
print (li3+li4)
print (li3*4)

OUTPUT:

['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'q', 'w', 'e', 'r', 't']
['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd',
'e', 'f', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f']

***Relational operators in a list

< > <= >= == =!

###e.g.
li3 = ['a','b','c','d','e','f']
li4 = ['q','w','e','r','t']
print (li3>li4)
print (li3>4)

OUPUT:
False
True

(checks individual elements and then compares)

***To print multiple selective elements

print (li[start,stop,step])

start - start value

stop - end value
step - by how many steps to print

e.g.
li = [1,2,3,24,5,65,7,8,96,10,11,12,13,14,15]
print (li[2:9:1])

OUTPUT
[3, 24, 5, 65, 7, 8, 96]
UNIT-II DATA MANAGEMENT
-------------------------

1. Primary key:
a column or set of columns which contains a unique data known as primary key. It
cannot be blank or null value.

2. Candidate key:
all the columns of the table which serve as the primary key are known as candidate
key

3. Alternate key:
the candidate keys which are not acting as primary key are known as alternate keys

4. Foreign Key:
foreign key is a column which is used to relate to or more than two tables, it is
compulsory that a foreign key column in first table should be
primary key in related table.

# REFRENCIAL INTEGRITY
- Its is a system of rules that a dbms uses to ensure the relationship between
records in a related table are valid...

SQL
app name : sql (sequencial query language)

More softwares like this:

1. Oracle
(free of cost)
2. MS SQL (microsoft)
(paid)
3. Fox Pro
4. MS Access
___________________________________________________________________________________
______________
Working mechanism:
(client server architecture)

<----------Request-------------

[ ] [ ]
[ ] [ ]

Server client

------------Response------------->

___________________________
to filter out bad requests
___________________________

[ ] { } [ ] {3 tier
architecture}
[ ] { } [ ]

Server business client

rule

___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________

GUI - graphical user interface

CUI - comand line user interface or character user interface
___________________________________________________________________________________
_______________

Commands:
1. DDL (data defination language)
- to create new things

2. DML (data manupilation language)

- to update,delte,add,manupilate data

3. TCL (transaction control language)

- not in syllabus

arithmetic operations:

ADITTION:
--------

starting:
use managerie

show databases;

show tables;

select from * empl; making table on this querry:

--------------------------------------

select ename, sal % commm from empl;

sal - salary column

comm - comission
+-----------+------------+
| ename | sal % comm |
+-----------+------------+
| SMITH | NULL |
| ANYA | 100.00 |
| SETH | 250.00 |
| MAHADEVAN | NULL |
| MOMIN | 1250.00 |
| BINA | NULL |
| SHIAVNSH | NULL |
| SCOTT | NULL |
| AMIR | NULL |
| KULDEEP | NULL |
| ANOOP | NULL |
| JATIN | NULL |
| FAKIR | NULL |
| MITA | NULL |
+-----------+------------+

here sal % comm is formed from the addition from sal% and comm

---------------------------------------------------------------------
Q# display the name of the student and their updates marks by 5

#mysql> select * from student;

#mysql> select name,marks,marks+5 from student;
+-----------+-------+---------+
| name | marks | marks+5 |
+-----------+-------+---------+
| Abu Bakar | 456 | 461 |
| Aanya | 340 | 345 |
| Gurvinder | 480 | 485 |
| Ali | 260 | 265 |
| Michelle | 321 | 326 |
| Zubin | 412 | 417 |
| Simran | 378 | 383 |
| Fatimah | 400 | 405 |
| Anup | 302 | 307 |
| Mita | 150 | 155 |
+-----------+-------+---------+

#Distinct:
(it is a keyword that can be used to hide duplicate value(s))
List jobs provided in your company:

mysql> show tables;

+---------------------+
| Tables_in_menagerie |
+---------------------+
| dept |
| empl |
| event |
| pet |
| student |
+---------------------+

mysql> select * from empl;

+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 8369 | SMITH | CLERK | 8902 | 1990-12-18 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8499 | ANYA | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 8521 | SETH | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 8566 | MAHADEVAN | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-04-02 | 2985.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8654 | MOMIN | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 8698 | BINA | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 8882 | SHIAVNSH | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 8888 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 8566 | 1992-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8839 | AMIR | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1991-11-18 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 8844 | KULDEEP | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 8886 | ANOOP | CLERK | 8888 | 1993-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8900 | JATIN | CLERK | 8698 | 1991-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 8902 | FAKIR | ANALYST | 8566 | 1991-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8934 | MITA | CLERK | 8882 | 1992-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+

mysql> select job from empl;

+-----------+
| job |
+-----------+
| CLERK |
| SALESMAN |
| SALESMAN |
| MANAGER |
| SALESMAN |
| MANAGER |
| MANAGER |
| ANALYST |
| PRESIDENT |
| SALESMAN |
| CLERK |
| CLERK |
| ANALYST |
| CLERK |
+-----------+

here theres is a lot of duplicate values...

- to display only unique values we use "distinct" keyword.

mysql> select distinct (job) from empl;

+-----------+
| job |
+-----------+
| CLERK |
| SALESMAN |
| MANAGER |
| ANALYST |
| PRESIDENT |
+-----------+

Q# You have a pet shop, show pet species.

mysql> show tables;

+---------------------+
| Tables_in_menagerie |
+---------------------+
| dept |
| empl |
| event |
| pet |
| student |
+---------------------+

mysql> select * from pet;

+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+

mysql> select distinct (species) from pet;

+---------+
| species |
+---------+
| cat |
| dog |
| bird |
| snake |
| hamster |
+---------+

# "where"
- where is a cluase or keyword which is used to retrieve or fetch raw specific
data...
(-relational operator/conditional operator)

- "select * from (table_name) where (column_name)[relational

operator](number/condition);"

|start:
|- show databases
|- use menagaerie
|- show tables;
|- select * from (table_name)
Q# to show name of students who got above 400 marks...
- open sql
- use menagarie
- show tables;
- select * from student;
- select * from student where marks>400;
(for students who got 400 or more)
- select * from student where marks >= 400;
(for students who got exactly 400 marks)
- select * from student where marks = 400;

Q# show list of boys in class for a footbal team.

- open sql
- use menagarie
- show tables;
- select * from student;
- select * from student where gender = "M";

# NUll
- empty value

(ifnull)
to replace "null" word with something else so user can understand...

pet table:

+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+

- select name,species, ifnull (death,'alive') from pet;

+----------+---------+------------------------+
| name | species | ifnull (death,'alive') |
+----------+---------+------------------------+
| Fluffy | cat | alive |
| Claws | cat | alive |
| Buffy | dog | alive |
| Fang | dog | alive |
| Bowser | dog | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy | bird | alive |
| Whistler | bird | alive |
| Slim | snake | alive |
| Puffball | hamster | alive |
+----------+---------+------------------------+
(to change name of the column)

- select death,ifnull(death,"alive") as 'status' from pet;

+------------+----------------+
| death | status |
+------------+----------------+
| NULL | alive |
| NULL | alive |
| NULL | alive |
| NULL | alive |
| 1995-07-29 | 1995-07-29 |
| NULL | alive |
| NULL | alive |
| NULL | alive |
| NULL | alive |
+------------+----------------+

# Where (continued)

conditional operators: >, <, >=, <=, <>(not equal) , =

- SYNTAX - select ..... from Table name WHERE column (condional operator) value;

e.g. select * from empl where sal>2000;

+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 8566 | MAHADEVAN | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-04-02 | 2985.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8698 | BINA | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 8882 | SHIAVNSH | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 8888 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 8566 | 1992-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8839 | AMIR | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1991-11-18 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 8902 | FAKIR | ANALYST | 8566 | 1991-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+

# Logical operators (for more than one conditions)

AND OR NOT

e.g.
select * from student where gender = "M" and marks >= 300;
+-----------+------+--------+---------+-------+
| name | age | gender | matric | marks |
+-----------+------+--------+---------+-------+
| Abu Bakar | 15 | M | 9531185 | 456 |
| Zubin | 15 | M | 9531184 | 412 |
| Anup | 12 | M | 9531181 | 302 |
+-----------+------+--------+---------+-------+

#NOT
- Not True = False
- Not False = true
Q. select boys from student table who got more than 400 or 400 marks.

> select * from student;

+-----------+------+--------+---------+-------+
| name | age | gender | matric | marks |
+-----------+------+--------+---------+-------+
| Abu Bakar | 15 | M | 9531185 | 456 |
| Aanya | 13 | F | 9531186 | 340 |
| Gurvinder | 14 | F | 9531187 | 480 |
| Ali | 12 | M | 9531188 | 260 |
| Michelle | 11 | F | 9531188 | 321 |
| Zubin | 15 | M | 9531184 | 412 |
| Simran | 13 | F | 9531183 | 378 |
| Fatimah | 14 | F | 9531182 | 400 |
| Anup | 12 | M | 9531181 | 302 |
| Mita | 11 | F | 9531180 | 150 |
+-----------+------+--------+---------+-------+

> select * from student where gender = "M" and marks >=400;
+-----------+------+--------+---------+-------+
| name | age | gender | matric | marks |
+-----------+------+--------+---------+-------+
| Abu Bakar | 15 | M | 9531185 | 456 |
| Zubin | 15 | M | 9531184 | 412 |
+-----------+------+--------+---------+-------+

Q. From the employ table, show mangers or clerk

mysql> select * from empl;
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 8369 | SMITH | CLERK | 8902 | 1990-12-18 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8499 | ANYA | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 8521 | SETH | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 8566 | MAHADEVAN | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-04-02 | 2985.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8654 | MOMIN | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 8698 | BINA | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 8882 | SHIAVNSH | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 8888 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 8566 | 1992-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8839 | AMIR | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1991-11-18 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 8844 | KULDEEP | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 8886 | ANOOP | CLERK | 8888 | 1993-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8900 | JATIN | CLERK | 8698 | 1991-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 8902 | FAKIR | ANALYST | 8566 | 1991-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8934 | MITA | CLERK | 8882 | 1992-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+

mysql> select * from empl where job = "CLERK" OR job = "MANAGER";

+-------+-----------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+-------+-----------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+
| 8369 | SMITH | CLERK | 8902 | 1990-12-18 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8566 | MAHADEVAN | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-04-02 | 2985.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8698 | BINA | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 8882 | SHIAVNSH | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 8886 | ANOOP | CLERK | 8888 | 1993-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8900 | JATIN | CLERK | 8698 | 1991-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 8934 | MITA | CLERK | 8882 | 1992-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+-----------+---------+------+------------+---------+------+--------+

Q. write query to show dogs who have died?

> select * from pet;

+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+

> mysql> select * from pet where species = "dog" AND death <> "NULL";
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+

> select * from pet;

+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+

mysql> select * from pet where species = "dog" and death is not null;
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+

Q. select salesman who get commision

select * from empl;

+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 8369 | SMITH | CLERK | 8902 | 1990-12-18 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8499 | ANYA | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 8521 | SETH | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 8566 | MAHADEVAN | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-04-02 | 2985.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8654 | MOMIN | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 8698 | BINA | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-05-01 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 8882 | SHIAVNSH | MANAGER | 8839 | 1991-06-09 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 8888 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 8566 | 1992-12-09 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8839 | AMIR | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1991-11-18 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 8844 | KULDEEP | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 8886 | ANOOP | CLERK | 8888 | 1993-01-12 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8900 | JATIN | CLERK | 8698 | 1991-12-03 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 8902 | FAKIR | ANALYST | 8566 | 1991-12-03 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 8934 | MITA | CLERK | 8882 | 1992-01-23 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+-------+-----------+-----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+

mysql> select * from empl where comm is not null;

+-------+---------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+-------+---------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 8499 | ANYA | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-02-20 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 8521 | SETH | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-02-22 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 8654 | MOMIN | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-09-28 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 8844 | KULDEEP | SALESMAN | 8698 | 1991-09-08 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
+-------+---------+----------+------+------------+---------+---------+--------+

Q.show male dogs and cats.

mysql> select * from pet;

+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Fluffy | Harold | cat | f | 1993-02-04 | NULL |
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Buffy | Harold | dog | f | 1989-05-13 | NULL |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
| Chirpy | Gwen | bird | f | 1998-09-11 | NULL |
| Whistler | Gwen | bird | NULL | 1997-12-09 | NULL |
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
| Puffball | Diane | hamster | f | 1999-03-30 | NULL |
+----------+--------+---------+------+------------+------------+

mysql> select * from pet where (species = "dog" or species = "cat") and sex = "m" ;
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+

#SYMBOLIC REPRESNTATION
OR = ||
AND = &&

# NOT Operator

select * from pet where (species = "dog" or species = "cat") && sex = "m" ;
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
| Claws | Gwen | cat | m | 1994-03-17 | NULL |
| Fang | Benny | dog | m | 1990-08-27 | NULL |
| Bowser | Diane | dog | m | 1979-08-31 | 1995-07-29 |
+--------+-------+---------+------+------------+------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from pet where not (species = "dog" or species = "cat") && sex =
"m" ;
+------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| name | owner | species | sex | birth | death |
+------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+
| Slim | Benny | snake | m | 1996-04-29 | NULL |
+------+-------+---------+------+------------+-------+