ICT

Advantages of ICT in education are:

• Complex topics can be easily explained to the students with the help of pictures,
videos, presentations, etc.
• Images and videos used for teaching improves the retention memory of the
students.
• Presentations can make the lessons interesting.
• Practical demonstration can be given to the students.

ICT in different sectors :

ICT in Healthcare ,ICT in Governance ,ICT in Business

ICT Tools
Mobile,Tablets,Radio,Newspaper,Email,Interactive White Boards,E-readers
BAISC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

A computer system comprises of hardware and software.

• Computer hardware – Physical parts of a computer such as Input devices, output
devices, central processing unit and storage devices are called computer hardware.
• Computer software – Software are the programs or applications that run on
computer. For example, MS Word, MS PowerPoint, Operating systems, etc.
Computer hardware

The physical components of a computer system are called hardware. A computer

basically consists of
following physical components:
• Input unit
• Processing unit
• Storage unit
Input Devices
Input devices are used for entering data or instructions into the computer.
The Central Processing Unit
Functions of Central Processing Unit are:
• It controls the sequence of operations within the computer
• It gives commands to other parts of the computer
• It controls the use of main memory for storing data and instructions
It consists of the following main units:
• Arithmetic and Logic unit (ALU)
• Control Unit (CU)
• Main Memory Unit
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)
All the calculations and comparisons are done in this unit.
The ALU performs all the following arithmetic operations:
+ (addition) ,– (subtraction), *(multiplication), /(Division),^(Exponent)
The ALU also performs the following logical operations:
< (less than),<(greater than),<= (less than or equal to),>= (greater than or equal
to),<> (not equal to)
Registers
These are temporary storage areas found in CPU of modern computers.
Computer Software

Software is a set of computer programs that perform a particular task.

Following are the categories of softwares:
System Software
System software is a set of one or more programs designed to control the operation
of a computer system.
Operating System
Operating system is a master control program that runs the computer.
Language Processors
Language processor is of three types:
1. Assembler:- It is a program that translates an assembly language program into
machine language.
2. Compiler:-It is a program that translates a high-level language program into
machine language. For example C++ compiler.
3. Interpreter:-It is a program that translates a high-level language into machine
language program line by line. For example, Visual basic Interpreter.

Application Software
Application software is a computer program that is designed to perform a certain
type of work.
Utility Program
A utility program is used to perform maintenance work on a system or on the
components of the computer.
1.Antivirus software.
2.File management tool
3.Compression.
4.Disk Management Tools:-
Disk Cleaner,Disk Defragmenter,Backup
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY MEMORY

The storage unit consists of the following components:

• Primary storage
• Temporary Storage
Primary Storage

The primary storage is also called the primary memory. It is directly accessible by the
CPU. It can be:
• RAM (Random Access Memory)
• ROM (Read Only Memory)
Functions of primary memory are:
• Here data is fed and held until it is ready to be accessed.
• It is used to hold the data being processed and the intermediate results of
processing.
• It holds the result of the processing.
• It holds the processing instructions.
Memory Units

Units of computer memory are:- Bit (Binary Digit), Byte (Kilobyte, Megabyte,
GigaByte, TeraByte,PetaByte, ExaByte, ZettaByte, YottaByte)
The elementary unit of memory is a bit. A group of 4 bits is called a nibble and a
group of 8 bits iscalled a byte.
One byte is the minimum space required to store one character.

Random Access Memory (RAM)

Read-Only memory (ROM)
Secondary Storage
INPUT, OUTPUT AND STORAGE DEVICES
Input devices

Input devices are used for entering data or instructions into the computer.
Output Devices

The output unit comprises of devices such as Monitor, Printer, speaker, etc. to
display information to the user.
Storage Devices

All computers have a hard disk drive installed in them. It is used to store files of
Operating system, softwares and other files.
VARIOUS PERIPHERAL DEVICES AND THEIR USES

Different peripheral devices, fall into following three general categories:

1. Input devices, such as a mouse and a keyboard
2. Output devices, such as a monitor and a printer
3. Storage devices, such as a hard drive or flash drive
EXAMPLES OF PERIPHERAL DEVICES
Input Devices
Keyboard,Mouse,Joystick,Light pen, Graphics Tablet,Scanner,Barcode
Reader,Microphone

Output Devices
Computer Monitor
Printer

• Dot matrix printer.

• Inkjet printer
• Laser printer
Storage Devices
CDs/DVDs

There are two variations of CD-

• CD-R and
• CD-RW
Pen Drive/Flash Drive
External hard disk
USE ANY TYPING TUTOR SOFTWARE TO PRACTICE TYPING AND LEARN USING
DIFFERENT KEYS OF THE KEYBOARD. Tux Typing tutor
Performing Basic Computer Operations

The computer must be started correctly, and it must be shut down correctly when
you are done with it. The operating system and the files may become corrupted if the
computer’s power is turned off while you haven’t closed any open documents.
Operating Systems

Some of the functions of Operating system are:

• It manages all the devices of a computer and keeps track of the status of the
device, whether it is busy or not.
• It also checks whether the device is functioning properly or not.
• It also controls software resources of the computer.
• It manages the computer memory and keeps track of which memory space is in
use by which
program and which space is free.
• It manages the structure of the files and directories on a computer system.
• It keeps track of the amount of disk space used by a specific file.
• It allows you to create, copy, move and delete files.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS

DOS ,Windows,Linux
Mobile operating Systems

Android , Symbian ,Windows Phone

Some common terms related to Internet

WWW (World Wide Web) – WWW stands for world wide web is a network of world
wide computers.
Protocol – Protocol is a set of rules to be followed while communicating or
transferring data on internet.
HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) – This protocol defines the rules to be
followed while transferring the
information. The information may be in the form of text, images, videos, etc.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) – Each web page has a unique address which
identifies its location on the network. This unique address is called the URL.
The URL has two parts:
• Protocol identifier: It identifies the name of the protocol used.
• Resource name: It specifies the complete address to the resource on the Internet.
APPLICATIONS OF INTERNET

Some of the services provided by internet are:

• Email • Chatting • Video conferencing • Social networking • E-learning •E-shopping
• E-reservation • E-banking, etc.
INTERNET BROWSER

A programme used to access websites is known as a web browser or internet

browser. Google Chrome, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Microsoft Edge, opera, etc. are
some examples of widely used web browsers.
A web browser performs the following tasks:
1. It connects to the web server and sends a request for the information.
2. It displays the information on the computer
WEBSITES AND WEBPAGES

Web site
A web site is a collection of two or more related web pages. Web pages of a web site
are linked together through hyperlinks.
Web page
An individual page of a web site is called a web page. It is written in a special
computer language
called HTML (Hyper text markup Language).
There are two types of web pages:
• Static web pages
• Dynamic web pages
EMAIL APPLICATIONS

Some of the advantages of e-mail are:

• It is fast and easy to use.
• It is the fastest means of communication. A message can reach any part of the
world in a fraction of a second.
• You can send text message, pictures, sound messages across the globe.
• Message can consist of few lines or more. It is not charge by weight.

EMAIL ACCOUNTS

To send or receive email messages, you first need to open your email account and
have your email address.
Email address
An email address has two main parts:
• User name
• Host name
These two parts are separated by @ symbol.
For example, consider the following email address: [email protected]
In the above email address, myemail is the user name and gmail.com is the host
name.
SENDING AND RECEIVING EMAIL

Some of the options while composing an email are:

To – ,Cc – ,BCc – ,Subject -
INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL MEDIA

The benefits of social networking websites are:

• These sites provide a way to connect with people around the world.
• Social Networking site, like Facebook can be used to stay in touch with the family,
and connecting with old friends has become very easy
Disadvantages of Social Networking websites
• These sites expose people to a lot of information, which may or may not be
authentic.
• If you share your current location over social media, you can easily become a
target.
• Peer pressure and cyberbullying are also important issues.
The following actions keep you safe on social networking websites:
• Do not post and share private information like mobile phone number, home
address, etc. on social networking websites.
• You should be familiar with the privacy policy of the social networking sites. You
can adjust your privacy settings on social networking websites.

CYBER CRIME
Introduction to Cyber Crime
Cyber crime refers to any crime done using computer or any electronic device with
internet connection. Some of the cyber crimes are:
Cyber Bullying ,Cyber Stalking .,Hacking , Phishing , Spamming ,Cyber Bullying,
Cyber Addiction

Some of the factors responsible for cyber addiction are:

• Lack of family interaction
• Change in life style
• Lack of social circle
• To compete with latest up comings and technology to keep updated.
• Mostly both the parents are working and doesn’t have time for kids and want their
kids to be busy on computer or mobiles.
Some warning signs of cyber addiction
• Loss of control when trying to stop or limit the amount of time on the internet.
• Breaking promises to self or others
• Feeling of depression or anxiety when someone stops or interrupts while working
on the computer.
• Feeling of guilt over excessive use of internet
After Effects of Cyber Addiction
Over use of internet may lead to:
• Headaches • Back aches • Irregular eating habits• Sleep disturbances• Neglect of
family and friends • Dry eyes and eye problem • Feeling of depression, irritation