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(i) Knowing our Numbers
• Large numbers upto one crore
• Reading and writing of large numbers
• Comparing large numbers
• Indian System of Numeration
• International System of Numeration
• Use of large numbers
• Estimation of numbers
• Use of brackets
• Roman numerals

(ii) Whole Numbers

• Natural numbers
• Predecessor and successor of a natural number
• Whole numbers: The natural numbers along with zero form
the collection of whole numbers.
• Representation of whole numbers on the number line
• Addition and subtraction of whole numbers on the number
line
• Properties of whole numbers :
Closure property

11.4.2018
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Commutativity of addition and multiplication

Associativity of addition multiplication
Distributivity of muliplication over addition
Identities for addition and multiplication
• Division of a whole number by zero is not defined
• Patterns in whole numbers

(iii) Playing with Numbers

• Factors and multiples
• Number of factors of a given number is finite
• Number of multiples of a given number is infinite
• Perfect number: A number for which sum of all its factors is
equal to twice the number.
• Prime and composite numbers
• Tests for divisiblity of numbers by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9 and 11
• Common factors and common multiples
• Coprime numbers
• More divisibility rules :
w Product of two consecutive whole numbers is divisible by 2
w If a number is divisible by another number, then it is divisible
by each of the factors of that number.
w If a number is divisible by two coprime numbers, then it is
divisibile by their product also.
w If two given numbers are divisible by a number, then their
sum is also divisible by that number.
w If two given numbers are divisible by a number, then their
difference is also divisible by that number.
• Prime factorisation of a number:
• Highest Common Factor (HCF) of two or more numbers
• Least Common Multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers
• Use of HCF and LCM in problems of day to day life.

2 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
11.4.2018
 MATHEMATICS

(B) Solved Examples

In examples 1 to 7, write the correct answer from the given four options:

Example 1: 3 × 10000 + 0 × 1000 + 8 × 100 + 0 × 10 + 7 × 1 is same

as
(A) 30087 (B) 30807 (C) 3807 (D) 3087
Solution: Correct answer is (B).

Example 2: 1 billion is equal to

(A) 100 millions (B) 10 millions
(C) 1000 lakhs (D) 10000 lakhs
Solution: Correct answer is (D).

Example 3: Which of the following numbers in Roman Numerals is

incorrect?
(A) LXII (B) XCI (C) LC (D) XLIV
Solution: Correct answer is (C).

Example 4: Which of the following is not defined?

(A) 5 + 0 (B) 5 – 0 (C) 5 × 0 (D) 5 ÷ 0
Solution: Correct answer is (D).

Example 5: The product of a non-zero whole number and its successor

is always divisible by
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
Solution: Correct answer is (A).

Example 6: The number of factors of 36 is

(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9
Solution: Correct answer is (D).

Example 7: The sum of first three common multiples of 3, 4 and 9 is

(A) 108 (B) 144 (C) 252 (D) 216
Solution: Correct answer is (D).

NUMBER SYSTEM 3
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In examples 8 to 10, fill in the blanks to make the statements true:

Example 8: In Indian System of Numeration, the number 61711682
is written, using commas, as __________.
Solution: 6,17,11,682
Example 9: The smallest 4 digit number with different digits is
__________ .
Solution: 1023
Example 10: Numbers having more than two factors are called
__________ numbers.
Solution: Composite

In examples 11 to 13, state whether the given statements are true or false:
Example 11: The number 58963 rounded off to nearest hundred is
58900.
Solution: False.
Example 12: LXXV is greater than LXXIV.
Solution: True [LXXV = 75, LXXIV = 74]
Example 13: If a number is divisible by 2 and 3, then it is also divisible
by 6. So, if a number is divisible by 2 and 4, it must be
divisible by 8.
Solution: False [2 and 4 are not coprimes]
Example 14: Population of Agra and Aligarh districts in the year 2001
was 36,20, 436 and 29,92,286, respectively. What was
the total population of the two districts in that year?
Solution: In 2001 Population of Agra = 3620436
Population of Aligarh = 2992286
Total population = 3620436 + 2992286 = 66, 12, 722
Example 15: Estimate the product 5981 × 4428 by rounding off each
number to the nearest (i) tens (ii) hundreds
Solution: (i) 5981 rounded off to nearest tens = 5980
4428 rounded off to nearest tens = 4430

4 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

The estimated product = 5980 × 4430 = 26491400

(ii) 5981 rounded off to nearest hundreds = 6000
4428 rounded off to nearest hundreds = 4400
The estimated product = 6000 × 4400
= 26400000
Example 16: Find the product 8739 × 102 using distributive property.
Solution: 8739 × 102 = 8739 × (100 + 2)
= 8739 × 100 + 8739 × 2
= 873900 + 17478
= 891378
Example 17: Floor of a room measures 4.5 metres × 3 metres. Find
the minimum number of complete square marble slabs
of equal size required to cover the entire floor.
Solution: To find the minimum number of square slabs to cover
the floor, we have to find the greatest size of each such
slab. For this purpose, we have to find the HCF of 450
and 300.
(Since 4.5m = 450cm and 3m = 300cm)
Now HCF of 450 and 300 = 150

So the required size of the slab must be 150cm × 150cm.

Area of thefloor
Hence, the number of slabs required = Area of oneslab
450 × 300
= =6
150 × 150

(C) Exercise
In questions 1 to 38, out of the four options, only one is correct. Write
the correct answer.

1. The product of the place values of two 2’s in 428721 is

(A) 4 (B) 40000 (C) 400000 (D) 40000000

2. 3 × 10000 + 7 × 1000 + 9 × 100 + 0 ×10 + 4 is the same as

(A) 3794 (B) 37940 (C) 37904 (D) 379409

NUMBER SYSTEM 5
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3. If 1 is added to the greatest 7- digit number, it will be equal to

(A) 10 thousand (B) 1 lakh (C) 10 lakh (D) 1 crore

4. The expanded form of the number 9578 is

(A) 9 × 10000 + 5 × 1000 + 7 × 10 + 8 × 1
(B) 9 × 1000 + 5 × 100 + 7 × 10 + 8 × 1
(C) 9 × 1000 + 57 × 10 + 8 × 1
(D) 9 × 100 + 5 × 100 + 7 × 10 + 8 × 1

5. When rounded off to nearest thousands, the number 85642 is

(A) 85600 (B) 85700 (C) 85000 (D) 86000

6. The largest 4-digit number, using any one digit twice, from digits 5,
9, 2 and 6 is
(A) 9652 (B) 9562 (C) 9659 (D) 9965

7. In Indian System of Numeration, the number 58695376 is written

as
(A) 58,69, 53, 76 (B) 58,695,376
(C) 5,86,95,376 (D) 586,95,376

8. One million is equal to

(A) 1 lakh (B) 10 lakh (C) 1 crore (D) 10 crore

9. The greatest number which on rounding off to nearest thousands

gives 5000, is
(A) 5001 (B) 5559 (C) 5999 (D) 5499

10. Keeping the place of 6 in the number 6350947 same, the smallest
number obtained by rearranging other digits is
(A) 6975430 (B) 6043579 (C) 6034579 (D) 6034759

11. Which of the following numbers in Roman numerals is incorrect?

(A) LXXX (B) LXX (C) LX (D) LLX

12. The largest 5-digit number having three different digits is

(A) 98978 (B) 99897 (C) 99987 (D) 98799

6 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

13. The smallest 4-digit number having three different digits is

(A) 1102 (B) 1012 (C) 1020 (D) 1002

14. Number of whole numbers between 38 and 68 is

(A) 31 (B) 30 (C) 29 (D) 28

15. The product of successor and predecessor of 999 is

(A) 999000 (B) 998000 (C) 989000 (D) 1998

16. The product of a non-zero whole number and its successor is always
(A) an even number (B) an odd number
(C) a prime number (D) divisible by 3

17. A whole number is added to 25 and the same number is subtracted

from 25. The sum of the resulting numbers is
(A) 0 (B) 25 (C) 50 (D) 75

18. Which of the following is not true?

(A) (7 + 8) + 9 = 7 + (8 + 9)
(B) (7 × 8) × 9 = 7 × (8 × 9)
(C) 7 + 8 × 9 = (7 + 8) × (7 + 9)
(D) 7 × (8 + 9) = (7 × 8) + (7 × 9)
19. By using dot (.) patterns, which of the following numbers can be
arranged in all the three ways namely a line, a triangle and a
rectangle?
(A) 9 (B) 10 (C) 11 (D) 12

20. Which of the following statements is not true?

(A) Both addition and multiplication are associative for whole
numbers.
(B) Zero is the identity for muliplication of whole numbers.
(C) Addition and multiplication both are commutative for whole
numbers.
(D) Multiplication is distributive over addition for whole numbers.

NUMBER SYSTEM 7
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21. Which of the following statements is not true?

(A) 0 + 0 = 0 (B) 0 – 0 = 0 (C) 0 × 0 = 0 (D) 0 ÷ 0 = 0

22. The predecessor of 1 lakh is

(A) 99000 (B) 99999 (C) 999999 (D) 100001

23. The successor of 1 million is

(A) 2 millions (B) 1000001 (C) 100001 (D) 10001

24. Number of even numbers between 58 and 80 is

(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13

25. Sum of the number of primes between 16 to 80 and 90 to 100 is

(A) 20 (B) 18 (C) 17 (D) 16

26. Which of the following statements is not true?

(A) The HCF of two distinct prime numbers is 1
(B) The HCF of two co prime numbers is 1
(C) The HCF of two consecutive even numbers is 2
(D) The HCF of an even and an odd number is even.

27. The number of distinct prime factors of the largest 4-digit number is
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 11
28. The number of distinct prime factors of the smallest 5-digit number
is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

29. If the number 7254*98 is divisible by 22, the digit at * is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 0

30. The largest number which always divides the sum of any pair of
consecutive odd numbers is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8

31. A number is divisible by 5 and 6. It may not be divisible by

(A) 10 (B) 15 (C) 30 (D) 60

8 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

32. The sum of the prime factors of 1729 is

(A) 13 (B) 19 (C) 32 (D) 39

33. The greatest number which always divides the product of the
predecessor and successor of an odd natural number other than 1,
is
(A) 6 (B) 4 (C) 16 (D) 8

34. The number of common prime factors of 75, 60, 105 is

(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

35. Which of the following pairs is not coprime?

(A) 8, 10 (B) 11, 12 (C) 1, 3 (D) 31, 33

36. Which of the following numbers is divisible by 11?

(A) 1011011 (B) 1111111 (C) 22222222 (D) 3333333

37. LCM of 10, 15 and 20 is

(A) 30 (B) 60 (C) 90 (D) 180

38. LCM of two numbers is 180. Then which of the following is not the
HCF of the numbers?

(A) 45 (B) 60 (C) 75 (D) 90

In questions 39 to 98 state whether the given statements are true (T)

or false (F).

39. In Roman numeration, a symbol is not repeated more than three

times.

40. In Roman numeration, if a symbol is repeated, its value is multiplied

as many times as it occurs.

41. 5555 = 5 × 1000 + 5 × 100 + 5 × 10 + 5 × 1

42. 39746 = 3 × 10000 + 9 × 1000 + 7 × 100 + 4 × 10 + 6

43. 82546 = 8 × 1000 + 2 × 1000 + 5 × 100 + 4 × 10 + 6

44. 532235 = 5 × 100000 + 3 × 10000 + 2 × 1000 + 2 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 5

NUMBER SYSTEM 9
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45. XXIX = 31

46. LXXIV = 74

47. The number LIV is greater than LVI.

48. The numbers 4578, 4587, 5478, 5487 are in descending order.

49. The number 85764 rounded off to nearest hundreds is written as

85700.

50. Estimated sum of 7826 and 12469 rounded off to hundreds is

20,000.

51. The largest six digit telephone number that can be formed by using
digits 5, 3, 4, 7, 0, 8 only once is 875403.

52. The number 81652318 will be read as eighty one crore six lakh fifty
two thousand three hundred eighteen.

53. The largest 4-digit number formed by the digits 6, 7, 0, 9 using each
digit only once is 9760.

54. Among kilo, milli and centi, the smallest is centi.

55. Successor of a one digit number is always a one digit number.

56. Successor of a 3-digit number is always a 3-digit number.

57. Predecessor of a two digit number is always a two digit number.

58. Every whole number has its successor.

59. Every whole number has its predecessor.

60. Between any two natural numbers, there is one natural number.

61. The smallest 4-digit number is the successor of the largest 3-digit
number.

62. Of the given two natural numbers, the one having more digits is
greater.

63. Natural numbers are closed under addition.

64. Natural numbers are not closed under multiplication.

65. Natural numbers are closed under subtraction.

10 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

66. Addition is commutative for natural numbers.

67. 1 is the identity for addition of whole numbers.

68. 1 is the identity for multiplication of whole numbers.

69. There is a whole number which when added to a whole number,

gives the number itself.

70. There is a natural number which when added to a natural number,

gives the number itself.

71. If a whole number is divided by another whole number, which is

greater than the first one, the quotient is not equal to zero.

72. Any non-zero whole number divided by itself gives the quotient 1.

73. The product of two whole numbers need not be a whole number.

74. A whole number divided by another whole number greater than 1

never gives the quotient equal to the former.

75. Every multiple of a number is greater than or equal to the number.

76. The number of multiples of a given number is finite.

77. Every number is a multiple of itself.

78. Sum of two consecutive odd numbers is always divisible by 4.

79. If a number divides three numbers exactly, it must divide their sum
exactly.

80. If a number exactly divides the sum of three numbers, it must exactly
divide the numbers separately.

81. If a number is divisible both by 2 and 3, then it is divisible by 12.

82. A number with three or more digits is divisible by 6, if the number

formed by its last two digits (i.e., ones and tens) is divisible by 6.

83. A number with 4 or more digits is divisible by 8, if the number

formed by the last three digits is divisible by 8.

84. If the sum of the digits of a number is divisible by 3, then the number
itself is divisible by 9.

NUMBER SYSTEM 11
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85. All numbers which are divisible by 4 may not be divisible by 8.

86. The Highest Common Factor of two or more numbers is greater than
their Lowest Common Multiple.

87. LCM of two or more numbers is divisible by their HCF.

88. LCM of two numbers is 28 and their HCF is 8.

89. LCM of two or more numbers may be one of the numbers.

90. HCF of two or more numbers may be one of the numbers.

91. Every whole number is the successor of another whole number.

92. Sum of two whole numbers is always less than their product.

93. If the sum of two distinct whole numbers is odd, then their difference
also must be odd.

94. Any two consecutive numbers are coprime.

95. If the HCF of two numbers is one of the numbers, then their LCM is
the other number.

96. The HCF of two numbers is smaller than the smaller of the numbers.

97. The LCM of two numbers is greater than the larger of the numbers.

98. The LCM of two coprime numbers is equal to the product of the
numbers.

In questions 99 to 151, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

99. (a) 10 million = _____ crore.

(b) 10 lakh = _____ million.

100. (a) 1 metre = _____ millimetres.

(b) 1 centimetre = _____ millimetres.
(c) 1 kilometre = _____ millimetres.

101. (a) 1 gram = _____ milligrams.

(b) 1 litre = _____ millilitres.
(c) 1 kilogram = _____ miligrams.

12 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

102. 100 thousands = _____ lakh.

103. Height of a person is 1m 65cm. His height in millimetres is_______.

104. Length of river ‘Narmada’ is about 1290km. Its length in metres

is_______.

105. The distance between Sringar and Leh is 422km. The same distance
in metres is_____.

106. Writing of numbers from the greatest to the smallest is called an

arrangement in _____ order.

107. By reversing the order of digits of the greatest number made by five
different non-zero digits, the new number is the _____ number of five
digits.

108. By adding 1 to the greatest_____ digit number, we get ten lakh.

109. The number five crore twenty three lakh seventy eight thousand
four hundred one can be written, using commas, in the Indian System
of Numeration as _____.

110. In Roman Numeration, the symbol X can be subtracted from_____,

M and C only.

111. The number 66 in Roman numerals is_____.

112. The population of Pune was 2,538,473 in 2001. Rounded off to

nearest thousands, the population was __________.

113. The smallest whole number is_____.

114. Successor of 106159 is _____.

115. Predecessor of 100000 is_____.

116. 400 is the predecessor of _____.

117. _____ is the successor of the largest 3 digit number.

118. If 0 is subtracted from a whole number, then the result is the _____
itself .

119. The smallest 6 digit natural number ending in 5 is _____.

NUMBER SYSTEM 13
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120. Whole numbers are closed under _____ and under_____.

121. Natural numbers are closed under _____ and under_____.

122. Division of a whole number by _____ is not defined.

123. Multiplication is distributive over _____ for whole numbers.

124. 2395 × _____ = 6195 × 2395

125. 1001 × 2002 = 1001 × (1001+_____ )

126. 10001 × 0 = _____

127. 2916 × _____ = 0

128. 9128 × _____ = 9128

129. 125 + (68+17) = (125 + _____ ) + 17

130. 8925 ×1 = _____

131. 19 × 12 + 19 = 19 × (12 + _____)

132. 24 × 35 = 24 × 18 + 24 × _____

133. 32 × (27 × 19) = (32 × _____ ) × 19

134. 786 × 3 + 786 × 7 = _____

135. 24 × 25 = 24 ×

136. A number is a _____ of each of its factor.

137. _____ is a factor of every number.

138. The number of factors of a prime number is_____.

139. A number for which the sum of all its factors is equal to twice the
number is called a _____ number.

140. The numbers having more than two factors are called _____ numbers.

141. 2 is the only _____ number which is even.

142. Two numbers having only 1 as a common factor are called_____

numbers.

14 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

143. Number of primes between 1 to 100 is _____.

144. If a number has _____ in ones place, then it is divisible by 10.

145. A number is divisible by 5, if it has _____ or _____ in its ones place.

146. A number is divisible by _____ if it has any of the digits 0, 2, 4, 6, or

8 in its ones place.

147. If the sum of the digits in a number is a _____ of 3, then the number
is divisible by 3.
148. If the difference between the sum of digits at odd places (from the
right) and the sum of digits at even places (from the right) of a
number is either 0 or divisible by _____, then the number is divisible
by 11.
149. The LCM of two or more given numbers is the lowest of their common
_____.
150. The HCF of two or more given numbers is the highest of their common
_____.
151. Given below are two columns – Column I and Column II. Match
each item of Column I with the corresponding item of Column II.

Column I Column II

(i) The difference of two consecutive (a) odd

whole numbers

(ii) The product of two non-zero (b) 0

consecutive whole numbers

(iii) Quotient when zero is divided by (c) 3

another non-zero whole number

(iv) 2 added three times, to the (d) 1

smallest whole number

(v) Smallest odd prime number (e) 6

(f) even

NUMBER SYSTEM 15
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152. Arrange the followng numbers in descending order:

8435, 4835, 13584, 5348, 25843

153. Of the following numbers which is the greatest? Which is the smallest
38051425, 30040700, 67205602
154. Write in expanded form :
(a) 74836
(b) 574021
(c) 8907010
155. As per the census of 2001, the population of four states are given
below. Arrange the states in ascending and descending order of their
population.
(a) Maharashtra 96878627
(b) Andhra Pradesh 76210007
(c) Bihar 82998509
(d) Uttar Pradesh 166197921
156. The diameter of Jupiter is 142800000 metres. Insert commas suitably
and write the diameter according to International System of
Numeration.
157. India’s population has been steadily increasing from 439 millions
in 1961 to 1028 millions in 2001. Find the total increase in population
from 1961 to 2001. Write the increase in population in Indian System
of Numeration, using commas suitably.
158. Radius of the Earth is 6400km and that of Mars is 4300000m. Whose
radius is bigger and by how much?
159. In 2001, the poplulations of Tripura and Meghalaya were 3,199,203
and 2,318,822, respectively. Write the populations of these two states
in words.
160. In a city, polio drops were given to 2,12,583 children on Sunday in
March 2008 and to 2,16,813 children in the next month. Find the
difference of the number of children getting polio drops in the two
months.

16 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

161. A person had Rs 1000000 with him. He purchased a colour T.V. for
Rs 16580, a motor cycle for Rs 45890 and a flat for Rs 870000. How
much money was left with him?

162. Out of 180000 tablets of Vitamin A, 18734 are distributed among

the students in a district. Find the number of the remaining vitamin
tablets.

163. Chinmay had Rs 610000. He gave Rs 87500 to Jyoti, Rs 126380 to

Javed and Rs 350000 to John. How much money was left with him?

164. Find the difference between the largest number of seven digits and
the smallest number of eight digits.

165. A mobile number consists of ten digits. The first four digits of the
number are 9, 9, 8 and 7. The last three digits are 3, 5 and 5. The
remaining digits are distinct and make the mobile number, the
greatest possible number. What are these digits?

166. A mobile number consists of ten digits. First four digits are 9,9,7
and 9. Make the smallest mobile number by using only one digit
twice from 8, 3, 5, 6, 0.

167. In a five digit number, digit at ten’s place is 4, digit at unit’s place is
one fourth of ten’s place digit, digit at hunderd’s place is 0, digit at
thousand’s place is 5 times of the digit at unit’s place and ten
thousand’s place digit is double the digit at ten’s place. Write the
number.

168. Find the sum of the greatest and the least six digit numbers formed
by the digits 2, 0, 4, 7, 6, 5 using each digit only once.

169. A factory has a container filled with 35874 litres of cold drink. In
how many bottles of 200 ml capacity each can it be filled?

170. The population of a town is 450772. In a survey, it was reported that

one out of every 14 persons is illiterate. In all how many illiterate
persons are there in the town?

171. Find the LCM of 80, 96, 125, 160.

NUMBER SYSTEM 17
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172. Make the greatest and the smallest 5-digit numbers using different
digits in which 5 appears at ten’s place.

173. How many grams should be added to 2kg 300g to make it 5kg 68g?

174. A box contains 50 packets of biscuits each weighing 120g. How

many such boxes can be loaded in a van which cannot carry beyond
900kg?

175. How many lakhs make five billions?

176. How many millions make 3 crores?

177. Estimate each of the following by rounding off each number to nearest
hundreds:
(a) 874 + 478
(b) 793 + 397
(c) 11244 + 3507
(d) 17677 + 13589

178. Estimate each of the follwoing by rounding off each number to nearest
tens:
(a) 11963 – 9369
(b) 76877 – 7783
(c) 10732 – 4354
(d) 78203 – 16407

179. Estimate each of the following products by rounding off each number
to nearest tens:
(a) 87 × 32
(b) 311×113
(c) 3239 × 28
(d) 1385 × 789
180. The population of a town was 78787 in the year 1991 and 95833 in
the year 2001. Estimate the increase in population by rounding off
each population to nearest hundreds.

18 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

181. Estimate the product 758 × 6784 using the general rule.
182. A garment factory produced 216315 shirts, 182736 trousers and
58704 jackets in a year. What is the total production of all the three
items in that year?
183. Find the LCM of 160, 170 and 90.
184. A vessel has 13litres 200mL of fruit juice. In how many glasses each
of capacity 60mL can it be filled?
185. Determine the sum of the four numbers as given below:
(a) successor of 32
(b) predecessor of 49
(c) predecessor of the predecessor of 56
(d) successor of the successor of 67

186. A loading tempo can carry 482 boxes of biscuits weighing 15kg each,
whereas a van can carry 518 boxes each of the same weight. Find
the total weight that can be carried by both the vehicles.

187. In the marriage of her daughter, Leela spent Rs 216766 on food and
decoration,Rs 122322 on jewellery, Rs 88234 on furniture and
Rs 26780 on kitchen items. Find the total amount spent by her on
the above items.

188. A box contains 5 strips having 12 capsules of 500mg medicine in

each capsule. Find the total weight in grams of medicine in 32 such
boxes.

189. Determine the least number which when divided by 3, 4 and 5 leaves
remainder 2 in each case.

190. A merchant has 120 litres of oil of one kind, 180 litres of another
kind and 240 litres of a third kind. He wants to sell the oil by filling
the three kinds of oil in tins of equal capacity. What should be the
greatest capacity of such a tin?

191. Find a 4-digit odd number using each of the digits 1, 2, 4 and 5 only
once such that when the first and the last digits are interchanged, it
is divisible by 4.

NUMBER SYSTEM 19
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UNIT-1

192. Using each of the digits 1, 2, 3 and 4 only once, determine the
smallest 4-digit number divisible by 4.

193. Fatima wants to mail three parcels to three village schools. She finds
that the postal charges are Rs 20, Rs 28 and Rs 36, respectively. If
she wants to buy stamps only of one denomination, what is the
greatest denomination of stamps she must buy to mail the three
parcels?

194. Three brands A, B and C of biscuits are available in packets of 12,

15 and 21 biscuits respectively. If a shopkeepeer wants to buy an
equal number of biscuits, of each brand, what is the minimum
number of packets of each brand, he should buy?

195. The floor of a room is 8m 96cm long and 6m 72cm broad. Find the
minimum number of square tiles of the same size needed to cover
the entire floor.

196. In a school library, there are 780 books of English and 364 books of
Science. Ms. Yakang, the librarian of the school wants to store these
books in shelves such that each shelf should have the same number
of books of each subject. What should be the minimum number of
books in each shelf?

197. In a colony of 100 blocks of flats numbering 1 to 100, a school van

stops at every sixth block while a school bus stops at every tenth
block. On which stops will both of them stop if they start from the
entrance of the colony?

198. Test the divisiblity of following numbers by 11

(a) 5335 (b) 9020814

199. Using divisiblity tests, determine which of the following numbers

are divisible by 4?
(a) 4096 (b) 21084 (c) 31795012

200. Using divisiblity test. determine which of the following numbers are
divisible by 9?
(a) 672 (b) 5652

20 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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

    

• A line segment corresponds to the shortest distance between two
points. The line segment joining points A and B is denoted as AB or
as BA. A ray with initial point A and a point B on it is denoted as
 
AB . Line AB is denoted as AB .
• Two distinct lines in a plane that cross at a point are called
intersecting lines, otherwise they are called parallel lines.
• Two rays with a common initial point form an angle.
• A simple closed curve made of line segments only is called a polygon.
• A polygon of three sides is called a triangle and that of four sides is
called a quadrilateral.
• A polygon with all its sides equal and all its angles equal is called a
regular polygon.
• A figure, every point of which is equidistant from a fixed point is
called a circle. The fixed point is called its centre and the equal
distance is called its radius.

  

In examples 1 and 2, write the correct answer from the given four
options.

Example 1: The number of diagonals of a pentagon is

(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 10
Solution: Correct answer is (C).

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Example 2: The number of diagonals of a triangle is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Solution: Correct answer is (A).
In examples 3 and 4, fill in the blanks to make the statements true:
Example 3: A polygon of six sides is called a ______.
Solution: Hexagon
Example 4: A triangle with all its sides of unequal lengths is called a
______ triangle.
Solution: Scalene
In examples 5 to 7, state whether the statements are true or false.
Example 5: Two non-parallel line segments will always intersect.
Solution: False (Hint: They will intersect, when they are produced)
Example 6: All equilateral triangles are isosceles also.
Solution: True
Example 7: Angle of 0° is an acute angle.
Solution: False [Hint: Measure of acute angle is between
0° and 90°]
Example 8: In Fig. 2.1, PQ ⊥ AB and PO = OQ.
Is PQ the perpendicular bisector of P
line segment AB? Why or why not?
Solution: PQ is not the perpendicular A O B
bisector of line segment AB,
because AO ≠ BO. [Note: AB is the Q
perpendicular bisector of line
segment PQ]. Fig. 2.1

Example 9: In Fig. 2.2, if AC ⊥ BD , then name

all the right angles.
Solution: There are four right angles. They
are: ∠APD , ∠APB , ∠BPC and
∠CPD .
Fig. 2.2

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Example 10: Is ABCD of Fig. 2.3 a polygon? If yes,

what is the special name for it?
Solution: Yes, it is a polygon, because it is a
simple closed figure made of line
segments only. It is a quadrilateral. Fig. 2.3

Example 11: In Fig. 2.4, BCDE is a square and a 3D shape has been
formed by joining the point A in space with the vertices
B, C, D and E. Name the 3D shape and also its (i) vertices,
(ii) edges and (iii) faces.
Solution: The 3D shape formed is a square
pyramid.
(i) Vertices are A, B, C, D and E.
(ii) Edges are AB, AC, AD, AE, BC,
CD, DE and EB.
(iii) Faces are: square BCDE and
triangles ABC, ACD, ADE and
Fig. 2.4
ABE.
Example 12 : Write the measure of smaller angle formed by the hour
and the minute hands of a clock at 7 O’ clock. Also,
write the measure of the other angle and also state what
types of angles these are.
Solution : Measure of the required angle = 30° + 30° + 30° + 30° +
30° = 150°
Measure of the other angle = 360° – 150° = 210°
Angle of measure 150° is an obtuse angle and that of
210° is a reflex angle.

 
In each of the questions 1 to 16, out of four options only one is correct.
Write the correct answer.
1. Number of lines passing through five points such that no three of
them are collinear is
(A) 10 (B) 5 (C) 20 (D) 8

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2. The number of diagonals in a septagon is

(A) 21 (B) 42 (C) 7 (D) 14

3. Number of line segments in Fig. 2.5 is

(A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 15 (D) 20
Fig. 2.5

4. Measures of the two angles between hour and minute hands of a

clock at 9 O’ clock are
(A) 60°, 300° (B) 270°, 90° (C) 75°, 285° (D) 30°, 330°
5. If a bicycle wheel has 48 spokes, then the angle between a pair of
two consecutive spokes is

 1  1  2   2 
(A)  5  (B)  7  (C)   (D)  
 2  2  11   15 
6. In Fig. 2.6, ∠XYZ cannot be written as
(A) ∠Y (B) ∠ZXY
(C) ∠ZYX (D) ∠XYP

Fig. 2.6

X
7. In Fig 2.7, if point A is shifted to
B
point B along the ray PX such that
PB = 2PA, then the measure of ∠BPY is A
45°
(A) greater than 45° (B) 45°
P Y
(C) less than 45° (D) 90° Fig. 2.7

8. The number of angles in Fig. 2.8 is

40°
(A) 3 (B) 4 20°
(C) 5 (D) 6 30°
Fig. 2.8

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9. The number of obtuse angles in Fig. 2.9 is

(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5
65°
45°
20° 30°

Fig. 2.9

10. The number of triangles in Fig. 2.10 is

(A) 10 (B) 12
(C) 13 (D) 14

Fig. 2.10

11. If the sum of two angles is greater than 180°, then which of the
following is not possible for the two angles?
(A) One obtuse angle and one acute angle
(B) One reflex angle and one acute angle
(C) Two obtuse angles
(D) Two right angles.

12. If the sum of two angles is equal to an obtuse angle, then which of
the following is not possible?
(A) One obtuse angle and one acute angle.
(B) One right angle and one acute angle.
(C) Two acute angles.
(D) Two right angles.

13. A polygon has prime number of sides. Its number of sides is equal to
the sum of the two least consecutive primes. The number of diagonals
of the polygon is
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) 10

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14. In Fig. 2.11, AB = BC and AD = BD = DC. A

The number of isoscles triangles in the figure is

(A) 1 (B) 2 D

(C) 3 (D) 4

B C
Fig. 2.11
15. In Fig. 2.12, A
∠BAC = 90° and AD ⊥ BC.
The number of right triangles in the figure is
(A) 1 (B) 2
B D C
(C) 3 (D) 4 Fig. 2.12

16. In Fig. 2.13, PQ ⊥ RQ, PQ = 5 cm and QR = 5 cm. Then ∆ PQR is

P
(A) a right triangle but not isosceles
(B) an isosceles right triangle 5
(C) isosceles but not a right triangle
(D) neither isosceles nor right triangle
Q 5 R
Fig. 2.13
In questions 17 to 31, fill in the blanks to make the statements true:
17. An angle greater than 180° and less than a complete angle is called
_______.
18. The number of diagonals in a hexagon is ________.
19. A pair of opposite sides of a trapezium are ________.

20. In Fig. 2.14, points lying in the interior of

P
the triangle PQR are ______, that in the
exterior are ______ and that on the triangle T N
S
itself are ______. O

Q M R
Fig. 2.14

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21. In Fig. 2.15, points A, B, C, D and E are collinear such that

AB = BC = CD = DE. Then
(a) AD = AB + ______
(b) AD = AC + ______ Fig. 2.15
(c) mid point of AE is ______
(d) mid point of CE is ______
(e) AE = ______ × AB.

22. In Fig. 2.16,

(a) ∠AOD is a/an ______ angle
(b) ∠COA is a/an ______ angle
(c) ∠AOE is a/an ______ angle

Fig. 2.16
23. The number of triangles in Fig. 2.17 is ______.
Their names are ______________________.
24. Number of angles less than 180° in
Fig. 2.17 is ______and their names are
______.
25. The number of straight angles in Fig. 2.17
is ______.
26. The number of right angles in a straight
Fig. 2.17
angle is ______ and that in a complete angle
is ______.
27. The number of common points in the two angles marked in
Fig. 2.18 is ______.
B
D
E P

Q C
A
F

Fig. 2.18

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28. The number of common points in the two angles marked in

Fig. 2.19 is ______.

B D

A E
C

Fig. 2.19

29. The number of common points in the two angles marked in

Fig. 2.20 ______ .

E P D

Q
A
R C

Fig. 2.20

30. The number of common points in the two angles marked in

Fig. 2.21 is ______.

Q
B

E
D

A F
G C
R
P

Fig. 2.21

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31. The common part between the two angles BAC and DAB in Fig. 2.22
is ______.

D
B

A C
Fig. 2.22
State whether the statements given in questions 32 to 41 are true (T)
or false (F):
32. A horizontal line and a vertical line always intersect at right angles.
33. If the arms of an angle on the paper are increased, the angle increases.
34. If the arms of an angle on the paper are decreased, the angle decreases.
35. If line PQ || line m, then line segment PQ || m
36. Two parallel lines meet each other at some point.
37. Measures of ∠ABC and ∠CBA in Fig. 2.23 are the same.

B C
Fig. 2.23
38. Two line segments may intersect at two points.
39. Many lines can pass through two given points.
40. Only one line can pass through a given point.
41. Two angles can have exactly five points in common.
42. Name all the line segments in Fig. 2.24.
Fig. 2.24

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43. Name the line segments shown in Fig. 2.25.

Fig. 2.25
44. State the mid points of all the sides of Fig. 2.26.

Y
X

A B
Z

Fig. 2.26
45. Name the vertices and the line segments in Fig. 2.27.

Fig. 2.27
46. Write down fifteen angles (less than 180° ) involved in Fig. 2.28.

D
E F

B C
Fig. 2.28

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47. Name the following angles of Fig. 2.29, using three letters:
(a) ∠1 A

(b) ∠2
(c) ∠3 E
3
(d) ∠1 + ∠2 2 D
1
(e) ∠2 + ∠3 B C
(f) ∠1 + ∠2 + ∠3 (g) ∠CBA – ∠1 Fig. 2.29

48. Name the points and then the line segments in each of the following
figures (Fig. 2.30):

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Fig. 2.30

49. Which points in Fig. 2.31, appear to be mid-points of the line

segments? When you locate a mid-point, name the two equal line
segments formed by it.
B

O
B D C

A
(i) (ii) (iii)
Fig. 2.31

50. Is it possible for the same

(a) line segment to have two different lengths?

(b) angle to have two different measures?

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51. Will the measure of ∠ABC and of ∠CBD make measure of ∠ABD in
Fig. 2.32?
A

C
B D

Fig. 2.32

52. Will the lengths of line segment AB and line segment BC make the
length of line segment AC in Fig. 2.33?

Fig. 2.33

53. Draw two acute angles and one obtuse angle without using a
protractor. Estimate the measures of the angles. Measure them with
the help of a protractor and see how much accurate is your estimate.

54. Look at Fig. 2.34. Mark a point

(a) A which is in the interior of both ∠1 and ∠2.

(b) B which is in the interior of only ∠1.

(c) Point C in the interior of ∠1.

Now, state whether points B and C lie in the

interior of ∠2 also.
Fig. 2.34

55. Find out the incorrect statement, if any, in the following:

An angle is formed when we have

(a) two rays with a common end-point

(b) two line segments with a common end-point

(c) a ray and a line segment with a common end-point

56. In which of the following figures (Fig. 2.35),

(a) perpendicular bisector is shown?

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(b) bisector is shown?

(c) only bisector is shown?
(d) only perpendicular is shown?

(i) (ii) (iii)

Fig. 2.35

57. What is common in the following figures (i) and (ii) (Fig. 2.36.)?

(i) (ii)
Fig. 2.36

Is Fig. 2.36 (i) that of triangle? if not, why?

58. If two rays intersect, will their point of intersection be the vertex of
an angle of which the rays are the two sides?

59. In Fig. 2.37,

A D
(a) name any four angles that appear to
be acute angles. E

(b) name any two angles that appear to

be obtuse angles. B C
Fig. 2.37
60. In Fig. 2.38,

(a) is AC + CB = AB? (b) is AB + AC = CB?

(c) is AB + BC = CA?
A C B
Fig. 2.38

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61. In Fig. 2.39,

A D
(a) What is AE + EC?
E
(b) What is AC – EC?
(c) What is BD – BE? B C
Fig. 2.39
(d) What is BD – DE?

62. Using the information given, name the right angles in each part of
Fig. 2.40:

(a) BA ⊥ BD (b) RT ⊥ ST

(c) AC ⊥ BD (d) RS ⊥ RW

(e) AC ⊥ BD (f) AE ⊥ CE

C
(g) AC ⊥ CD (h) OP ⊥ AB
A

Fig. 2.40

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63. What conclusion can be drawn from each part of Fig. 2.41, if

(a) DB is the bisector of ∠ADC?

(b) BD bisects ∠ABC?

(c) DC is the bisector of ∠ ADB, CA ⊥ DA and CB ⊥ DB?

Fig. 2.41

64. An angle is said to be trisected, if it is divided

into three equal parts. If in Fig. 2.42,
∠ BAC = ∠ CAD = ∠ DAE, how many
trisectors are there for ∠ BAE ?

Fig. 2.42
65. How many points are marked in Fig. 2.43?
Fig. 2.43
66. How many line segments are there in Fig. 2.43?
67. In Fig. 2.44, how many points are marked? Name them.

68. How many line segments are there in Fig. 2.44? Name them.

Fig. 2.44

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69. In Fig. 2.45 how many points are marked? Name them.

70. In Fig. 2.45 how many line segments are there? Name them.

Fig. 2.45

71. In Fig. 2.46, how many points are marked? Name them.

72. In Fig. 2.46 how many line segments are there? Name them.

Fig. 2.46

73. In Fig. 2.47, O is the centre of the circle.

(a) Name all chords of the circle.
(b) Name all radii of the circle.
(c) Name a chord, which is not the
diameter of the circle.
(d) Shade sectors OAC and OPB.
(e) Shade the smaller segment of the
circle formed by CP. Fig. 2.47

74. Can we have two acute angles whose sum is

(a) an acute angle? Why or why not?
(b) a right angle? Why or why not?
(c) an obtuse angle? Why or why not?
(d) a straight angle? Why or why not?
(e) a reflex angle? Why or why not?

75. Can we have two obtuse angles whose sum is

(a) a reflex angle? Why or why not?

(b) a complete angle? Why or why not?

76. Write the name of

(a) vertices (b) edges, and

(c) faces of the prism shown in Fig. 2.48. Fig. 2.48

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77. How many edges, faces and vertices are there in a sphere?

78. Draw all the diagonals of a pentagon ABCDE and name them.

 
Activity 1: Observe questions 65 to 72. Can you find out the number
of line segments, when the number of points marked on
line segment is 7?, 9?, 10?.

Activity 2: Copy the equilateral ∆ABC shown in Fig. 2.49 on your

notebook.

(a) Take a point P as shown in the figure.

(b) Draw PD ⊥ BC , PE ⊥ CA and PF ⊥ AB

(c) Also, draw AK ⊥ BC

F
E

B KD C

Fig. 2.49

Now, draw a line l, measure PD using a divider and ruler

and mark it on line l as shown Fig. 2. 50.

Fig. 2.50

Again measure PE with divider and mark it on the line l

as DE (say). Again measure PF with divider and mark it
on line l next to E as EF.

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Now check whether the length of AK and the length

(PD + DE + EF) are the same!

Activity 3: Copy the isosceles triangle ABC shown in Fig. 2.51 on

your notebook. Take a point E on BC and draw EF ⊥ CA
and EG ⊥ AB. Measure EF and EG and add them.

Draw AD ⊥ BC . A

Check whether the sum of EF

and EG is equal to AD with the
help of ruler or with the help of
divider.
G
F

B D E C
Fig. 2.51

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 MATHEMATICS

Rough Work

GEOMETRY 39
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UNIT-2

Rough Work

40 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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



    

• The collection of numbers 0, +1, –1, +2, –2, +3, –3, ...... is called
integers.

• The numbers +1, +2, +3, +4, ..... are referred to as positive integers.

• The numbers –1, –2, –3, –4, ....... are referred to as negative integers.

• The numbers 0, +1, +2, +3, ...... are called non-negative integers.

• The integers are represented on the number line as follows :

Fig. 3.1

• All the positive integers lie to the right of 0 and the negative integers
to the left of 0 on the number line.

• All non negative integers are the same as whole numbers and hence
all the opertations on them are done as in the case of whole numbers.

• To add two negative integers, we add the corresponding positive

integers and retain the negative sign with the sum.

• To add a positive integer and a negative integer, we ignore the signs

and subtract integer with smaller numerical value from the integer
with larger numerical value and take the sign of the larger one.

• Two integers whose sum is zero are called additive inverses of each
other. They are also called the negatives of each other.

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UNIT-3

• Additive inverse of an integer is obtained by changing the sign of

the integer. For example, the additive inverse of +5 is –5 and the
additive inverse of –3 is +3.

• To subtract an integer from a given integer, we add the additive

inverse of the integer to the given integer.

• To compare two integers on the number line, we locate their positions

on the number line and the integer lying to the right of the other is
always greater.

(B) Solved Examples

Example 1: Write the correct answer from the given four options:
Sania and Trapi visited Leh and Tawang respectively
during winter. Sania reported that she had experienced
–4°C on Sunday, while Trapi reported that she had
experienced –2°C on that day. On that Sunday
(A) Leh was cooler than Tawang.
(B) Leh was hotter than Tawang.
(C) Leh was as cool as Tawang.
(D) Tawang was cooler than Leh.
Solution: The correct answer is (A).
Example 2: State whether each of the following statements is true or
false:
(a) Every positive integer is greater than 0.
(b) Every integer is either positive or negative.
Solution: (a) True (b) False
Example 3: Fill in the blank using <, > or = to make the statement
correct
3 + (–2) ____ 3 + (–3)
Solution : 3 + (–2) > 3 + (–3)

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Example 4: Represent the following using integers with proper sign:

(a) 3 km above sea level (b) A loss of Rs 500
Solution: (a) +3
(b) –500
Example 5: Find the sum of the pairs of integers:
(a) – 6, – 4 (b) +3, – 4 (c) +4, –2
Solution: (a) – 6 and – 4 both have negative signs.
So, – 6 + (– 4) = – (6 + 4) = –10
(b) + 3 and – 4 have opposite signs.
As 4 – 3 = 1, therefore + 3 + (– 4) = –1
(c) + 4 and –2 have opposite signs.
So, 4 + (–2) = 4 – 2 = 2
Example 6: Find the sum of –2 and –3, using the number line.
Solution: To add –2 and –3, on the number line, we first move 2
steps to the left of 0, reaching –2. Then we move 3 steps
to the left of –2 and reach –5. (Fig. 3.2)

Fig. 3.2
Thus, –2 + (–3) = –5.
Example 7: Subtract : (i) 3 from –4 (ii) –3 from –4
Solution: (a) The additive inverse of 3 is –3.
So, – 4 – 3 = – 4 + (–3) = – (4 + 3) = –7
(b) The additive inverse of –3 is + 3.
So, – 4 – (–3) = – 4 + (+3) = –1
Example 8: Using the number line, subtract : (a) 2 from –3
(b) –2 from –3.

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Solution: (a) To subtract 2 from –3, we move 2 steps to the left of

– 3 on the number line and reach –5. (Fig. 3.3)

Fig. 3.3
So, –3 – 2 = –5.
(b) To subtract –2 from –3, we observe that 2 is the addtive
inverse of –2.
So, we add 2 to –3 using the number line and reach
at –1.
So, –3 – (–2) = –3 + (+ 2) = –1
Example 9: How many integers are there between –9 and –2 ?
Solution: The integers –8, –7, –6, –5, –4 and –3 lie between –9 and
–2. So, there are six integers between – 9 and –2.
Example10: Calculate:
1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – 6 + 7 – 8 + 9 – 10
Solution: 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – 6 + 7 – 8 + 9 – 10
= (1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9) – (2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + 10)
= 25 – 30
= –5.
Alternatively, 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – 6 + 7 –8 + 9 – 10
= (1 – 2) + (3 – 4 ) + (5 – 6) + (7 – 8) + (9 – 10)
= (–1) + ( –1) + (–1) + (–1) + (–1)
= –5.
Example 11: The sum of two integers is 47. If one of the integers is
– 24, find the other.
Solution: As the sum is 47, the other integer is obtained by
subtracting –24 from 47. So, the required integer
= 47 – (–24)
= 47 + 24
= 71.

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Example 12: Write the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 in this order

and insert ‘+ ‘or ‘–’ between them to get the result
(a) 5 (b) –3
Solution: (a) 0 + 1 – 2 + 3 – 4 + 5 – 6 + 7 –8 + 9 = 5
(b) 0 – 1 – 2 + 3 + 4 – 5 + 6 – 7 + 8 – 9 = –3
Example 13: Write five distinct integers whose sum is 5.
Solution: As the required sum is 5, keep 5 as one of the integers
and write two pairs of integers which are additive inverses
of each other.
For example, 5 + [2+(–2)]+[3+(–3)]= 5.
Thus, the required five integers are 5, 2, –2, 3, –3
There can be many combinatioins of five integers, such
as 5, 3, –3, 6, –6 or 4, 2, 3, –3, –1 etc., whose sum is 5.

(C) Exercise

In questions 1 to 17, only one of the four options is correct. Write the
correct one.

1. Every integer less than 0 has the sign

(A) + (B) – (C) × (D) ÷

2. The integer ‘5 units to the right of 0 on the number line’ is

(A) +5 (B) –5 (C) +4 (D) – 4

3. The predecessor of the integer –1 is

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) –2 (D) 1

4. Number of integers lying between –1 and 1 is

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 0

5. Number of whole numbers lying between –5 and 5 is

(A) 10 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

6. The greatest integer lying between –10 and –15 is

(A) –10 (B) –11 (C) –15 (D) –14

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7. The least integer lying between –10 and –15 is

(A) –10 (B) –11 (C) –15 (D) –14

8. On the number line, the integer 5 is located

(A) to the left of 0 (B) to the right of 0
(C) to the left of 1 (D) to the left of –2

9. In which of the following pairs of integers, the first integer is not on

the left of the other integer on the number line?
(A) (–1, 10) (B) (–3, –5) (C) (–5, –3) (D) (–6, 0)

10. The integer with negative sign (–) is always less than
(A) 0 (B) –3 (C) –1 (D) –2

11. An integer with positive sign (+) is always greater than

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

12. The successor of the predecessor of –50 is

(A) –48 (B) –49 (C) –50 (D) –51

13. The additive inverse of a negative integer

(A) is always negative (B) is always positive
(C) is the same integer (D) zero

14. Amulya and Amar visited two places A and B respectively in Kashmir
and recorded the minimum temperatures on a particular day as
–4°C at A and –1°C at B. Which of the following statement is true?
(A) A is cooler than B
(B) B is cooler than A
(C) There is a difference of 2°C in the temperature
(D) The temperature at A is 4°C higher than that at B.

15. When a negative integer is subtracted from another negative integer,

the sign of the result
(A) is always negative (B) is always positive
(C) is never negative (D) depends on the numerical
value of the integers

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16. The statement “When an integer is added to itself, the sum is greater
than the integer” is
(A) always true
(B) never true
(C) true only when the integer is positive
(D) true for non-negative integers

17. Which of the following shows the maximum rise in temperature?

(A) 0°C to 10°C (B) –4°C to 8°C
(C) –15°C to –8°C (D) –7°C to 0°C
In questions 18 to 39, state whether the given statements are true (T)
or false (F) :
18. The smallest natural number is zero.
19. Zero is not an integer as it is neither positive nor negative.
20. The sum of all the integers between –5 and –1 is –6.
21. The successor of the integer 1 is 0.
22. Every positive integer is larger than every negative integer.
23. The sum of any two negative integers is always greater than both
the integers.
24. The sum of any two negative integers is always smaller than both
the integers.
25. The sum of any two positive integers is greater than both the integers.
26. All whole numbers are integers.
27. All integers are whole numbers.
28. Since 5 > 3, therefore –5 > –3
29. Zero is less than every positive integer.
30. Zero is larger than every negative integer.
31. Zero is neither positive nor negative.
32. On the number line, an integer on the right of a given integer is
always larger than the integer.

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33. –2 is to the left of –5 on the number line.

34. The smallest integer is 0.
35. 6 and –6 are at the same distance from 0 on the number line.
36. The difference between an integer and its additive inverse is always
even.
37. The sum of an integer and its additive inverse is always zero.
38. The sum of two negative integers is a positive integer.
39. The sum of three different integers can never be zero.

In questions 40 to 49, fill in the blanks to make the statements true:

40. On the number line, –15 is to the _______ of zero.
41. On the number line, 10 is to the _______ of zero.
42. The additive inverse of 14 is _______.
43. The additive inverse of –1 is _______.
44. The additive inverse of 0 is _______.
45. The number of integers lying between –5 and 5 is _______.
46. (–11) + (–2) + (–1) = _______.
47. _______ + (–11) + 111 = 130
48. (–80) + 0 + (–90) = _______
49. _______ –3456 = –8910

In questions 50 to 58, fill in the blanks using <, = or > :

50. (–11) + (–15) _______ 11 + 15
51. (–71) + (+9) _______ (–81) + (–9)
52. 0 _______ 1
53. –60 _______ 50
54. –10 _______ –11
55. –101 _______ –102
56. (–2) + (–5) + (–6) _______ (–3) + (–4) + (–6)
57. 0 _______ –2
58. 1 + 2 + 3 _______ (–1) + (–2) + (–3)

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59. Match the items of Column I with that of Column II:

Column I Column II
(i) The additive inverse of +2 (A) 0
(ii) The greatest negative integer (B) –2
(iii) The greatest negative even integer (C) 2
(iv) The smallest integer greater than every
negative integer (D)1
(v) Sum of predecessor and successor of –1 (E) –1

60. Compute each of the following:

(a) 30 + (–25) + (–10) (b) (–20) + (–5)
(c) 70 + (–20) + (–30) (d) –50 + (–60) + 50
(e) 1 + (–2) + (– 3) + (– 4) (f) 0 + (– 5) + (– 2)
(g) 0 – (–6) – (+6) (h) 0 – 2 – (–2)
61. If we denote the height of a place above sea level by a positive integer
and depth below the sea level by a negative integer, write the following
using integers with the appropriate signs:
(a) 200 m above sea level (b) 100 m below sea level
(c) 10 m above sea level (d) sea level

62. Write the opposite of each of the following:

(a) Decrease in size (b) Failure
(c) Profit of Rs.10 (d) 1000 A.D.
(e) Rise in water level (f) 60 km south
(g) 10 m above the danger mark of river Ganga
(h) 20 m below the danger mark of the river Brahmaputra
(i) Winning by a margin of 2000 votes
(j) Depositing Rs.100 in the Bank account
(k) 20°C rise in temperature.

63. Temperature of a place at 12:00 noon was +5°C. Temperature

increased by 3°C in first hour and decreased by 1°C in the second
hour. What was the temperature at 2:00 pm?

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64. Write the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, ..., 9 in this order and insert ‘+’ or ‘–’
between them to get the result 3.

65. Write the integer which is its own additive inverse.

66. Write six distinct integers whose sum is 7.

67. Write the integer which is 4 more than its additive inverse.

68. Write the integer which is 2 less than its additive inverse.

69. Write two integers whose sum is less than both the integers.

70. Write two distinct integers whose sum is equal to one of the integers.

71. Using number line, how do you compare

(a) two negative integers? (b) two positive integers?
(c) one positive and one negative integer?

72. Observe the following :

1 + 2 – 3 + 4 + 5 – 6 – 7 + 8 – 9 = –5
Change one ‘–’ sign as ‘+’ sign to get the sum 9.

73. Arrange the following integers in the ascending order :

–2, 1, 0, –3, +4, –5

74. Arrange the following integers in the descending order :

–3, 0, –1, –4, –3, –6

75. Write two integers whose sum is 6 and difference is also 6.

76. Write five integers which are less than –100 but greater than –150.

77. Write four pairs of integers which are at the same distance from 2 on
the number line.

78. The sum of two integers is 30. If one of the integers is –42, then find
the other.

79. Sum of two integers is –80. If one of the integers is –90, then find the
other.

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80. If we are at 8 on the number line, in which direction should we move

to reach the integer
(a) –5 (b) 11 (c) 0?

81. Using the number line, write the integer which is

(a) 4 more than –5
(b) 3 less than 2
(c) 2 less than –2

82. Find the value of

49 – (–40) – (–3) + 69

83. Subtract –5308 from the sum [(–2100) + (–2001)]

(D) Activities
Activity I : The faces of two dice are marked +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6
and –1, –2, –3, –4, –5, –6, respectively.

Two players throw the pair of dice alternately and record

the sum of the numbers that turn up each time and keep
adding their scores separately. The player whose score
reaches 20 or more first, wins the game.

(i) What can be the possible scores in a single throw of the

pair of dice?

(ii) What is the maximum score?

(iii) What is the minimum score?

(iv) A player gets his score 20 as follows:

(5) + (–4) + (6) + (2) + (+5) + (4) + (2)

Is he a winner?

(v) What is the minimum number of throws needed to win

the game?

Activity II : Repeat Activity I by taking two dice marked with numbers

+1, –2, +3, –4, +5, –6 and –1, +2, –3, +4, –5, +6, respectively.

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
I. Indians were the first to use negative numbers.
Brahmagupta used negative numbers in 628 A.D. He
stated rules for operations on negative numbers.
European Mathematicians of 16th and 17th century did
not accept the idea of negative numbers and referred
them as absurd and fiction. John Wallis believed that
negative numbers were greater than infinity.

II. The scientists believe that the lowest temperature

attainable is about –273°C. At this temperature, the
molecules and the atoms of a substance have the least
possible energy.

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



    
• A fraction is a number representing a part of a whole. This whole
may be a single object or a group of objects.

• A fraction whose numerator is less than the denominator is called a

proper fraction, otherwise it is called an improper fraction.
5 4 1
• Numbers of the type 3 ,8 ,2 etc. are called mixed fractions
7 9 5
(numbers).

• An improper fraction can be converted into a mixed fraction and

vice versa.

• Fractions equivalent to a given fraction can be obtained by

multiplying or dividing its numerator and denominator by a non-
zero number.

• A fraction in which there is no common factor, except 1, in its

numerator and denominator is called a fraction in the simplest or
lowest form.

• Fractions with same denominators are called like fractions and if

the denominators are different, then they are called unlike fractions.

• Fractions can be compared by converting them into like fractions

and then arranging them in ascending or descending order.

• Addition (or subtraction) of like fractions can be done by adding

(or subtracting) their numerators.

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• Addition (or subtraction) of unlike fractions can be done by

converting them into like fractions.

• Fractions with denominators 10,100, etc. can be written in a form,

using a decimal point, called decimal numbers or decimals.

• Place value of the place immediately after the decimal point (i.e.
1 1
tenth place) is , that of next place (i.e. hundredths place) is
10 100
and so on.

• Fractions can be converted into decimals by writing them in the

form with denominators 10,100, and so on. Similarly, decimals can
be converted into fractions by removing their decimal points and
writing 10,100, etc in the denominators, depending upon the number
of decimal places in the decimals.

• Decimal numbers can be compared using the idea of place value

and then can be arranged in ascending or descending order.

• Decimals can be added (or subtracted) by writing them with equal

number of decimal places.

• Many daily life problems can be solved by converting different units

of measurements such as money, length, weight, etc. in the decimal
form and then adding (or subtracting) them.

(B) Solved Examples

In examples 1 and 2, write the correct answer from the given four
options:

Example 1. Which of the following fractions is the smallest?

11 11 11 11
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 7 10 6
Solution: Answer is (C)
Example 2: 0.7625 lies between
(A) 0.7 and 0.76 (B) 0.77 and 0.78
(C) 0.76 and 0.761 (D) 0.76 and 0.763
Solution: Answer is (D)

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Example 3: Fill in the blanks so that the statement is true:

Decimal 8.125 is equal to the fraction ________.
65 1 8125
Solution: or 8 (because 8.125 = )
8 8 1000
Example 4: Fill in the blanks so that the statement is true:
6.45 – 3.78 = _________.
Solution: 2.67
Example 5: State true or false:
2
The fraction 14 is equal to 14.2.
5
2
Solution: False [Hint: 14 = 14.2]
10
Example 6: Fill in the blanks using > or < :
8 16
–
45 89
8 8× 2 16
Solution: = =
45 45× 2 90
16 16 8 16
Now, < , so, <
90 89 45 89
Another method: 8 × 89 = 712 and 16 × 45 =720
8 16
As 712 < 720, therefore <
45 89
12
Example 7: Express as a decimal.
25

12 12 × 4
Solution: =
25 25× 4
48
= = 0.48
100

Example 8: Convert 5809g to kg.

5809
Solution: Since 1000g = 1kg, therefore, 5809g = kg
1000
= 5.809kg.

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Example 9: Round off 87.952 to tenths place.

Solution: For rounding off to tenths place, we look at the
hundredths place. Here the digit is 5.
So, the digit at the tenths place (9) will be increased
by 1 (i.e., it will become 9 + 1)
Hence, rounding off 87.952 to tenths place, we get 88.0
(Note: Do not write it as 88.)

3 5
Example 10: Add the fractions 5 and
8 16
3 5 43 5
Solution: 5 + = +
8 16 8 16
43× 2 5 86 5
= + = +
8× 2 16 16 16
86 + 5 91 11
= = = 5
16 16 16
Example 11: What should be added to 37.28 to obtain 46.8?
Solution: Here, we want to fill in the box in 37.28 + = 46.8.
For this, We will have to find 46.8 – 37.28. We perform
this operation as follows by writing the two numbers
having equal number of decimal places:
(Since 46.8 = 46.80)
46.80
– 37.28 Hence, the required number to be added
9.52 to 37.28 is 9.52.
Example 12: Arrange the following in ascending order.
2.2, 2.023, 2.0226, 22.1, 20.42
Solution: We have to arrange them from the smallest to the greatest
number. We arrange them as follows (using the idea of
place value and comparing their digits at different places);
2.0226, 2.023, 2.2, 20.42, 22.1
(Note: Using the < sign, these numbers can also be written
as 2.0226 < 2.023 < 2.2 < 20.42 < 22.1.)

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Example 13: Gorang purchased 2kg 280g apples, 3kg 375g bananas,
225g grapes and 5kg 385g oranges. Find the total weight
of the fruits purchased by Gorang in kg.
Solution: Weight of apples = 2kg 280g = 2280g (Since 1kg = 1000g)
Weight of bananas = 3kg 375g = 3375g
Weight of grapes = 225g
Weight of oranges = 5kg 385g = 5385g
Total weight = 2280g + 3375g + 225g + 5385g
2280g

+ 3375g

+ 225g

+ 5385g
11265
11265g Thus, total weight = 11265g = kg
1000
= 11.265kg i.e. 11kg 265g

Example 14: What is wrong in the following?

7 5 7 + 5 12
+ = = =2
4 2 4+2 6
7 5 7+5
Solution: Writing 4 + 2 = 4 + 2 is wrong. It should be as follows:

7 5 7 10
+ = + (Converting into like fractions)
4 2 4 4
7 + 10 17
= (Only numerators are added)
4 4

(C) Exercise
In questions 1 to 20, out of the four options, only one answer is correct.
Choose the correct answer.
4
1. The fraction which is not equal to is
5
40 12 16 9
(A) (B) (C) (D)
50 15 20 15

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5
2. The two consecutive integers between which the fraction lies are
7
(A) 5 and 6 (B) 0 and 1 (C) 5 and 7 (D) 6 and 7
1
3. When is written with denominator as 12, its numerator is
4
(A) 3 (B) 8 (C) 24 (D) 12

4. Which of the following is not in the lowest form?

7 15 13 27
(A) (B) (C) (D)
5 20 33 28
5 20
5. If 8 = p , then value of p is

(A) 23 (B) 2 (C) 32 (D) 16

6. Which of the following is not equal to the others?

6 12 15 18
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 16 25 24
7. Which of the following fractions is the greatest?
5 5 5 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 6 9 8
8. Which of the following fractions is the smallest?
7 9 3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 8 8 8
4 15
9. Sum of and is
17 17
19 11 19 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
17 17 34 17
5 19
10. On subtracting from , the result is
9 9
24 14 14 14
(A) (B) (C) (D)
9 9 18 0
11. 0.7499 lies between
(A) 0.7 and 0.74 (B) 0.75 and 0.79
(C) 0.749 and 0.75 (D) 0.74992 and 0.75

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12. 0. 023 lies between

(A) 0.2 and 0.3 (B) 0.02 and 0.03
(C) 0.03 and 0.029 (D) 0.026 and 0.024
11
13. can be expressed in the form
7
1 1 4 1
(A) 7 (B) 4 (C) 1 (D) 11
4 7 7 7
4
14. The mixed fraction 5 can be expressed as
7
33 39 33 39
(A) (B) (C) (D)
7 7 4 4
15. 0.07 + 0.008 is equal to

(A) 0.15 (B) 0.015 (C) 0.078 (D) 0.78

16. Which of the following decimals is the greatest?

(A) 0.182 (B) 0.0925 (C) 0.29 (D) 0.038

17. Which of the following decimals is the smallest?

(A) 0.27 (B) 1.5 (C) 0.082 (D) 0.103

18. 13.572 correct to the tenths place is

(A) 10 (B) 13.57 (C) 14.5 (D) 13.6

19. 15.8 – 6.73 is equal to

(A) 8.07 (B) 9.07 (C) 9.13 (D) 9.25

20. The decimal 0.238 is equal to the fraction

119 238 119 119
(A) (B) (C) (D)
500 25 25 50
In questions 21 to 44, fill in the blanks to make the statements true:
21. A number representing a part of a _________ is called a fraction.
22. A fraction with denominator greater than the numerator is called a
_________ fraction.
23. Fractions with the same denominator are called _________ fractions.
5
24. 13 is a _________ fraction.
18

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18 7
25. is an ______ fraction. 26. is a ______ fraction.
5 19
5 3
27. and are ______ proper fractions.
8 8
6 6
28. and are ______ proper fractions.
11 13
6
29. The fraction in simplest form is ______.
15
17
30. The fraction in simplest form is ______.
34
18 90
31. and are proper, unlike and ______ fractions.
135 675
2
32. 8 is equal to the improper fraction ______.
7
87
33. is equal to the mixed fraction ______.
7
2 6
34. 9 + + is equal to the decimal number ______.
10 100

35. Decimal 16.25 is equal to the fraction ______.

7
36. Fraction is equal to the decimal number ______.
25
17 41 67 24
37. + = ______. 38. − = ______.
9 9 14 14
17 1 1 5
39. + 3 = ______. 40. 9 − = ______.
2 2 4 4
41. 4.55 + 9.73 = ______. 42. 8.76 – 2.68 = ______.

43. The value of 50 coins of 50 paisa = Rs ______.

44. 3 Hundredths + 3 tenths = ______.

In each of the questions 45 to 65, state whether the statement is true

or false:

45. Fractions with same numerator are called like fractions.

18
46. Fraction is in its lowest form.
39

60 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
11.4.2018
 MATHEMATICS

15 45
47. Fractions and are equivalent fractions.
39 117
48. The sum of two fractions is always a fraction.

49. The result obtained by subtracting a fraction from another fraction

is necessarily a fraction.

50. If a whole or an object is divided into a number of equal parts, then

each part represents a fraction.

51. The place value of a digit at the tenths place is 10 times the same
digit at the ones place.
1
52. The place value of a digit at the hundredths place is times the
10
same digit at the tenths place.

53. The decimal 3.725 is equal to 3.72 correct to two decimal places.
25
54. In the decimal form, fraction = 3.125.
8
2
55. The decimal 23.2 = 23
5
56. The fraction represented by the
3
shaded portion in the adjoining figure is .
8
57. The fraction represented by the
5
unshaded portion in the adjoining figure is .
9
25 6 31 8 8 8
58. + = 59. – =
19 19 38 18 15 3
7 11 3
60. + = 61. 3.03 + 0.016 =3.019
12 12 2
16 13
62. 42.28 – 3.19 = 39.09 63. >
25 25
64. 19.25 < 19.053 65. 13.730 = 13.73

In each of the questions 66 to 71, fill in the blanks using ‘>’, ‘<’ or ‘=’ :

11 14 8 95
66. ... 67. ...
16 15 15 14

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 61

11.4.2018
UNIT-4

12 32
68. ... 69. 3.25... 3.4
75 200

18 25
70. ...1.3 71. 6.25...
15 4
72. Write the fraction represented by the shaded
portion of the adjoining figure:

73. Write the fraction represented by the unshaded

portion of the adjoining figure:

74. Ali divided one fruit cake equally among six persons. What part of
the cake he gave to each person?

75. Arrange 12.142, 12.124, 12.104, 12.401 and 12.214 in ascending

order.

76. Write the largest four digit decimal number less than1using the digits
1, 5, 3 and 8 once.

77. Using the digits 2, 4, 5 and 3 once, write the smallest four digit
decimal number.
11
78. Express as a decimal.
20
2
79. Express 6 as an improper fraction.
3
2
80. Express 3 as a decimal.
5

81. Express 0.041 as a fraction.

82. Express 6.03 as a mixed fraction.

83. Convert 5201g to kg.

62 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
11.4.2018
 MATHEMATICS

84. Convert 2009 paise to rupees and express the result as a mixed
fraction.

85. Convert 1537cm to m and express the result as an improper fraction.

86. Convert 2435m to km and express the result as mixed fraction.

2 3 1 5
87. Arrange the fractions , , and in ascending order.
3 4 2 6
6 7 4 3
88. Arrange the fractions , , and in descending order.
7 8 5 4
3
89. Write as a fraction with denominator 44.
4
5
90. Write as a fraction with numerator 60.
6
129
91. Write as a mixed fraction.
8
92. Round off 20.83 to nearest tenths.

93. Round off 75.195 to nearest hundredths.

94. Round off 27.981 to nearest tenths.

3 2
95. Add the fractions and .
8 3
3 3
96. Add the fractions and 6 .
8 4
1 1
97. Subtract from .
6 2
1 100
98. Subtract 8 from .
3 9
1 1
99. Subtract 1 from 6 .
4 2
1 1
100. Add 1 and 6 .
4 2
1 3
101. Katrina rode her bicycle 6 km in the morning and 8 km in the
2 4
evening. Find the distance travelled by her altogether on that day.

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 63

11.4.2018
UNIT-4

102. A rectangle is divided into certain number of equal parts. If 16 of the

1
parts so formed represent the fraction , find the number of parts
4
in which the rectangle has been divided.
9
103. Grip size of a tennis racquet is 11 cm. Express the size as an
80
improper fraction.
1
104. On an average of the food eaten is turned into organism’s own
10
body and is available for the next level of consumer in a food chain.
What fraction of the food eaten is not available for the next level?

105. Mr. Rajan got a job at the age of 24 years and he got retired from the
job at the age of 60 years. What fraction of his age till retirement
was he in the job?

106. The food we eat remains in the stomach for a maximum of 4 hours.
For what fraction of a day, does it remain there?

107. What should be added to 25.5 to get 50?

108. Alok purchased 1kg 200g potatoes, 250g dhania, 5kg 300g onion,
500g palak and 2kg 600g tomatoes. Find the total weight of his
purchases in kilograms.

109. Arrange in ascending order:

0.011, 1.001, 0.101, 0.110

110. Add the following:

20.02 and 2.002

111. It was estimated that because of people switching to Metro trains,

about 33000 tonnes of CNG, 3300 tonnes of diesel and 21000 tonnes
of petrol was saved by the end of year 2007. Find the fraction of :
(i) the quantity of diesel saved to the quantity of petrol saved.
(ii) the quantity of diesel saved to the quantity of CNG saved.

64 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

112. Energy content of different foods are as follows:

Food Energy Content per kg.

Wheat 3.2 Joules

Rice 5.3 Joules
Potatoes (Cooked) 3.7 Joules
Milk 3.0 Joules

Which food provides the least energy and which provides the
maximum?
Express the least energy as a fraction of the maximum energy.
1
113. A cup is full of milk. What part of the cup is still to be filled by
3
milk to make it full?

1 3
114. Mary bought 3 m of lace. She used 1 m of lace for her new dress.
2 4
How much lace is left with her?

115. When Sunita weighed herself on Monday, she found that she had
1 3
gained 1 5kg. Earlier her weight was 46 kg. What was her weight
4 8
on Monday?
1 3
116. Sunil purchased 12 litres of juice on Monday and 14 litres of juice
2 4
on Tuesday. How many litres of juice did he purchase together in

two days?

3 1
117. Nazima gave 2 litres out of the 5 litres of juice she purchased to
4 2
her friends. How many litres of juice is left with her?

1
118. Roma gave a wooden board of length 150 cm to a carpenter for
4
1
making a shelf. The Carpenter sawed off a piece of 40 cm from it.
5
What is the length of the remaining piece?

FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS 65

11.4.2018
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1 1
119. Nasir travelled 3 km in a bus and then walked 1 km to reach a
2 8
town. How much did he travel to reach the town?

3
120. The fish caught by Neetu was of weight 3 kg and the fish caught by
4
1
Narendra was of weight 2 kg. How much more did Neetu’s fish
2
weigh than that of Narendra?

3
121. Neelam’s father needs 1 m of cloth for the skirt of Neelam’s new
4
1
dress and m for the scarf. How much cloth must he buy in all?
2
122. What is wrong in the following additions?
(a) (b)

1 2 1
8 =8 6
2 4 2
1 1 1
+4 = 4 +2
4 4 4
3 2 1
=12 =8 =8
8 6 3
123. Which one is greater?
1 metre 40 centimetres + 60 centimetres or 2.6 metres.
124. Match the fractions of Column I with the shaded or marked portion
of figures of Column II:

Column I Column II

6
(i) (A)
4

6
(ii) (B)
10

66 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 

6
(iii) (C)
6

6
(iv) (D)
16

(E)

125. Find the fraction that represents the number of natural numbers to
total numbers in the collection 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. What fraction will it
be for whole numbers?

126. Write the fraction representing the total number of natural numbers
in the collection of numbers –3, – 2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3. What fraction
will it be for whole numbers? What fraction will it be for integers?

7 2
127. Write a pair of fractions whose sum is and difference is .
11 11

128. What fraction of a straight angle is a right angle?

129. Put the right card in the right bag.

Cards Bags

3
(i)
7

4
(ii)
4

 
11.4.2018
 

9
(iii)
8

8
(iv)
9

5
(v)
6

6
(vi)
11

18
(vii)
18

19
(viii)
25

2
(ix)
3

13
(x)
17

 
Activity: Find the number of boys and girls in your school and
write:

(i) The fraction representing boys among the total students

(ii) The fraction representing girls among the total students

(iii) check that the sum of two fractions in (i) and (ii) is 1.

 
11.4.2018
 





    

• The data can be arranged in a tabular form using tally marks.
• A pictograph represents data through pictures of objects.
• Interpretation of a pictograph and drawing a pictograph.
• Representation of data using a bar diagram or bar graph.
• In a bar graph, bars of uniform width are drawn horizontally or
vertically with equal spacing between them. Length of each bar gives
the required information.
• Interpretation of a bar graph and drawing a bar graph.

  

Write the correct answer from the given four options:

Example 1: Using tally marks which one of the following represents

the number five?
(A) (B)  (C) (D)
Solution: Answer is (D).
Example 2: State whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) A tabular form of data is also a pictorial representation
of the data.
(b) A pictograph represents data in the form of pictures
of objects or parts of objects.
Solution: (a) False (b) True

11.4.2018
UNIT-5

Example 3: The blood groups of 25 students are recorded as under:

A, B, O, A, AB, O, A, O, B, A, O, B, A, AB, AB, A, A, B, B,
O, B, AB, O, A, B.
Arrange the information in a table using tally marks.
Solution: Blood group Tally marks Number of students
A 8
B 7
O 6
AB 4
Example 4: In a school, there are five sections of Class VI. The number
of students in each section is given below:
Section A B C D E
Number of 40 44 42 36 32
students

Represent the above data using a bar graph.

Solution: First of all, draw a horizantal line and a vertical line.
Choose a suitable scale along the vertical line, say 1 unit
length= 4 students. On the horizontal line, write the
sections A, B, C, D and E. Draw vertical bars on the
respective section showing the number of students in
that section.

48
44
40
36
Number of students

32
28
24
20
16
12
8
4
A B C D E
Sections

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 

Example 5: The number of vistors in a science exhibition on different

days of a week is shown below:
Look at the above pictograph and answer the following
questions:

Day Number of Visitors = 100 visitors

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

(a) What is the total number of visitors from Monday to

Saturday?
(b) On which day was the number of visitors maximum?
What was their total number?
(c) On which day was the number of visitors minimum?
(d) On which day was the number of visitors same as
the number of visitors on two days taken together?
Solution: Number of visitors on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday and Saturday were 550, 700, 1000,
900, 900, and 1250 respectively.
(a) The total number of visitors from Monday to Saturday
= 550 + 700 + 1000 + 900 + 900 + 1250 = 5300

 
11.4.2018
 

(b) The number of visitors was maximum on Saturday

and the number was 1250.
(c) The number of visitors was minimum on Monday
and the number was 550.
(d) The number of visitors on Saturday was 1250 which
was equal to the total number of visitors on Monday
(550) and Tuesday (700).

 

In questions 1 to 5, out of the four options, only one is correct. write

the correct answer.

1. Using tally marks, which one of the following represents the number
eight:

(A) (B) (C) (D)

2. The marks (out of 10) obtained by 28 students in a Mathematics

test are listed as below:
8, 1, 2, 6, 5, 5, 5, 0, 1, 9, 7, 8, 0, 5, 8, 3, 0, 8, 10, 10, 3, 4, 8, 7, 8, 9,
2, 0
The number of students who obtained marks more than or equal to
5 is
(A) 13 (B) 15 (C) 16 (D) 17

3. In question 2 above, the number of students who scored marks less

than 4 is
(A) 15 (B) 13 (C) 12 (D) 10

4. The choices of the fruits of 42 students in a class are as follows:

A, O , B , M , A , G , B , G , A , G ,

B , M , A , G , M , A , B , G , M , B ,
A , O , M , O , G , B , O , M , G , A ,
A , B , M , O , M , G , B , A , M , O , M , O,

 
11.4.2018
 MATHEMATICS

where A, B, G, M and O stand for the fruits Apple, Banana, Grapes,

Mango and Orange respectively.
Which two fruits are liked by an equal number of students?
(A) A and M (B) M and B (C) B and O (D) B and G

5. According to data of question 4, which fruit is liked by most of the

students?
(A) O (B) G (C) M (D) A

In questions 6 to 13, state whether the given statements are true (T) or
false (F).

6. In a bar graph, the width of bars may be unequal.

7. In a bar graph, bars of uniform width are drawn vertically only.

8. In a bar graph, the gap between two consecutive bars may not be the
same.

9. In a bar graph, each bar (rectangle) represents only one value of the
numerical data.

10. To represent the population of different towns using bar graph, it is

convenient to take one unit length to represent one person.

11. Pictographs and bar graphs are pictorial representations of the

numerical data.

12. An observation occurring five times in a data is recorded as

| | | | |, using tally marks.

13. In a pictograph, if a symbol represents 50 books in a library

shelf, then the symbol represents 25 books.

In questions 14 to 20, fill in the blanks to make the statements true:

14. A _______ is a collection of numbers gathered to give some meaningful
information.
15. The data can be arranged in a tabular form using _______ marks.
16. A _______ represents data through pictures of objects.

DATA HANDLING 73
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 

17. In a bar graph, ________ can be drawn horizontally or vertically.

18. In a bar graph, bars of ________ width can be drawn horizontally or
vertically with ________ spacing between them.
19. An observation occurring seven times in a data is represented as
________ using tally marks.

20. In a pictograph, if a symbol represents 20 flowers in a basket

then stands for ________ flowers.

21. On the scale of 1 unit length = 10 crore, the bar of length 6 units
will represent ________ crore and of ——— units will represent 75
crore.
22. In an examination, the grades achieved by 30 students of a class are
given below. Arrange these grades in a table using tally marks:

B, C, C, E, A, C, B, B, D, D, D, D, B, C, C, C, A, C, B, E, A, D,
C, B, E, C, B, E, C, D
23. The number of two wheelers owned individually by each of 50 families
are listed below. Make a table using tally marks.
1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3,
1, 0, 2, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 4, 1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1,
2, 3, 2, 1, 1
Find the number of families having two or more, two wheelers.
24. The lengths in centimetres (to the nearest centimetre) of 30 carrots
are given as follows:
15, 22, 21, 20, 22,15, 15, 20, 20,15, 20, 18,
20, 22, 21,

20, 21, 18, 21, 18, 20, 18, 21, 18, 22, 20,
15, 21, 18, 20
Arrange the data given above in a table using tally marks and answer
the following questions.
(a) What is the number of carrots which have length more than 20 cm?

 
11.4.2018
 MATHEMATICS

(b) Which length of the carrots occur maximum number of times?

Minimum number of times?

25. Thirty students were interviewed to find out what they want to be in
future. Their responses are listed as below:
doctor, engineer, doctor, pilot, officer, doctor, engineer, doctor, pilot,
officer, pilot, engineer, officer, pilot, doctor, engineer, pilot, officer,
doctor, officer, doctor, pilot, engineer, doctor, pilot, officer, doctor,
pilot, doctor, engineer
Arrange the data in a table using tally marks.

26. Following are the choices of games of 40 students of Class VI:

football, cricket, football, kho-kho, hockey, cricket, hockey, kho-kho,
tennis, tennis, cricket, football, football, hockey, kho-kho, football,
cricket, tennis, football, hockey, kho-kho, football, cricket, cricket,
football, hockey, kho-kho, tennis, football, hockey, cricket, football,
hockey, cricket, football, kho-kho, football, cricket, hockey, football.
(a) Arrange the choices of games in a table using tally marks.
(b) Which game is liked by most of the students?
(c) Which game is liked by minimum number of students?
27. Fill in the blanks in the following table which represents shirt size
of 40 students of a school.

Shirt size Tally Marks Number of students

30 3

32

34 8

36

38 10

40 7

DATA HANDLING 75
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UNIT-5

28. Following pictograph represents some surnames of people listed in

the telephone directory of a city

Surname Number of people = 100 people

Khan

Patel

Rao

Roy

Saikia

Singh

Observe the pictograph and answer the following questions:

(a) How many people have surname ‘Roy’?
(b) Which surname appears the maximum number of times in the
telephone directory?
(c) Which surname appears the least number of times in the
directory?
(d) Which two surnames appear an equal number of times?

29. Students of Class VI in a school were given a task to count the

number of articles made of different materials in the school. The
information collected by them is represented as follows:

76 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
11.4.2018
 MATHEMATICS

Material used Articles = 20 articles

Wood

Glass

Metal

Rubber

Plastic

Observe the pictograph and answer the following questions:

(a) Which material is used in maximum number of articles?

(b) Which material is used in minimum number of articles?

(c) Which material is used in exactly half the number of articles as

those made up of metal?

(d) What is the total number of articles counted by the students?

30. The number of scouts in a school is depicted by the following

pictograph:

Class Number of scouts = 10 scouts

VI

VII

VIII

IX

DATA HANDLING 77
11.4.2018
UNIT-5

Observe the pictograph and answer the following questions:

(a) Which class has the minimum number of scouts?

(b) Which class has the maximum number of scouts?

(c) How many scouts are there in Class VI?

(d) Which class has exactly four times the scouts as that of Class
X?

(e) What is the total number of scouts in the Classes VI to X?

31. A survey was carried out in a certain school to find out the popular
school subjects among students of Classes VI to VIII. The data in
this regard is displayed as pictograph given below:

Subject Number of Students = 50 students

Hindi

English

Mathematics

Science

Social Studies

(a) Which subject is most popular among the students?

(b) How many students like Mathematics?

(c) Find the number of students who like subjects other than
Mathematics and Science.

78 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 

32. The following pictograph depicts the information about the areas in
sqkm (to nearest hundred) of some districts of Chhattisgarh State:

District Area (in km2) = 1000sqkm

Raigarh

Rajnandgaon

Koria

Mahasamund

Kabirdham

Jashpur

(a) What is the area of Koria district?

(b) Which two districts have the same area?

(c) How many districts have area more than 5000 square kilometres?

33. The number of bottles of cold drinks sold by a shopkeeper on six

consecutive days is as follows:
Day Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Number of 350 200 300 250 100 150

bottles

Prepare a pictograph of the data using one symbol to represent 50

bottles.
34. The following table gives information about the circulation of
newspapers (dailies) in a town in five languages.
Language English Hindi Tamil Punjabi Gujarati
Number of 5000 8500 500 2500 1000
newspapers
Prepare a pictograph of the above data, using a symbol of your choice,
each representing 1000 newspapers.

 
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UNIT-5

35. Annual expenditure of a company in the year 2007-2008 is given

below:

Items Expenditure
(Rs in lakh)
Salaries of employees 65
Advertisement 10
Purchase of machinery 85
Electricity and water 15
Transportation 25
Other expenses 30

Prepare a pictograph of the above data using an appropriate symbol

to represent Rs 10 lakh.

36. The following bar graph shows the number of houses (out of 100) in
a town using different types of fuels for cooking.

Read the bar graph and answer the following questions:

Scale: 1 unit length = 5 houses

(a) Which fuel is used in maximum number of houses?

(b) How many houses are using coal as fuel?
(c) Suppose that the total number of houses in the town is 1 lakh.
From the above graph estimate the number of houses using
electricity.

80 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

37. The following bar graph represents the data for different sizes of
shoes worn by the students in a school. Read the graph and answer
the following questions.

Scale : 1 unit length = 50 students

(a) Find the number of

students whose shoe
sizes have been collected.
(b) What is the number of
students wearing shoe
size 6?
(c) What are the different
sizes of the shoes worn by
the students?
(d) Which shoe size is worn by the maximum number of students?
(e) Which shoe size is worn by minimum number of students?
(f) State whether true or false:
The total number of students wearing shoe sizes 5 and 8 is the same
as the number of students wearing shoe size 6.

38. The following graph gives the

Scale : 1 unit length = 10 tickets
information about the
number of railway tickets sold
for different cities on a railway
ticket counter between 6.00
am to 10.00 am. Read the bar
graph and answer the
following questions.
(a) How many tickets were
sold in all?
(b) For which city were the
maximum number of
tickets sold?

DATA HANDLING 81
11.4.2018
UNIT-5

(c) For which city were the minimum number of tickets sold?

(d) Name the cities for which the number of tickets sold is more
than 20.

(e) Fill in the blanks:

Number of tickets sold for Delhi and Jaipur together exceeds the
total number of tickets sold for Patna and Chennai by _______.

39. The bar graph given below represents approximate length

(in kilometres) of some National Highways in India. Study the bar
graph and answer the following questions:

Scale : 1 unit length = 200km

(a) Which National Highway (N.H.) is the longest among the above?

(b) Which National Highway is the shortest among the above?

(c) What is the length of National Highway 9?

(d) Length of which National Highway is about three times the

National Highway10?

40. The bar graph given below represents the circulation of newspapers
in different languages in a town. Study the bar graph and answer
the following questions:

82 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS
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 MATHEMATICS

Scale : 1 unit length = 200 Newspapers

(a) What is the

circulation of
English
newspaper?
(b) Name the two
languages in
which
circulation of
newspaper is
the same.
(c) By how much is the circulation of newspaper in Hindi more
than the newspaper in Bengali?

41. Read the bar graph given below and answer the following questions:

Scale : 1 unit = 50 students

(a) What information is given by the bar graph?

(b) In which year is the
number of students
maximum?
(c) In which year is the
number of students
twice as that of
2001-02?
(d) In which year did the
number of students
decrease as compared
to previous year?
(e) In which year is the increase in number of students maximum
as compared to the previous year?

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42. The lengths in km (rounded to nearest hundred) of some major

rivers of India is given below:
River Length (in km)
Narmada 1300
Mahanadi 900
Brahmputra 2900
Ganga 2500
Kaveri 800
Krishna 1300

Draw a bar graph to represent the above information.

43. The number of ATMs of different banks in a city is shown below:

Bank Number of ATMs
Syndicate Bank 5
Dena Bank 15
Indian Bank 20
State Bank of India 25
Vijaya Bank 10

Draw a bar graph to represent the above information by choosing

the scale of your choice.

44. Number of mobile phone users in various age groups in a city is

listed below:

Age group (in years) Number of mobile users

1—20 25000

21—40 40000

41—50 35000

61—80 10000

Draw a bar graph to represent the above information.

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 MATHEMATICS

45. The following table gives the number of vehicles passing through a
toll gate, every hour from 8.00 am. to 1.00 pm:

Time 8.00 9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00

Interval to to to to to
9.00 10.00 11.00 12.00 1.00

Number 250 450 300 250 150

of vehicles

Draw a bar graph representing the above data.

46. The following table represents income of a Gram Panchayat from

different sources in a particular year:

Sources Income (in Rs.)

Income from local taxes 75000

Funds received from government 150000

Donations 25000

Income from other resources 50000

Draw a bar graph to represent the above information.

47. The following table gives the data of number of schools (stage-wise)
of a country in the year 2002.

Stage Number of schools (in thousands)

Primary 80

Upper Primary 55

Secondary 30

Higher Secondary 20

Draw a bar graph to represent the above data:

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48. Home appliances sold by a shop in one month are given as below:

Home appliance Number of home appliances

Refrigerator 75

Television 45

Washing Machine 30

Cooler 60

DVD Player 30

Draw a bar graph to represent the above information.

49. In a botanical garden, the number of different types of plants are

found as follows:

Type of the plant Number of plants

Herb 50

Shrub 60

Creeper 20

Climber 45

Tree 95

Draw a bar graph to represent the above information and answer

the following questions:

(a) Which type of plant is maximum in number in the garden?

(b) Which type of plant is minimum in number in the garden?

50. Prepare a bar graph of the data given in question 28.

51. Refer to question 39. Prepare a pictograph of the data by taking a

suitable symbol to represent 200 kilometers.

52. Prepare a pictograph of the information given in question 38.

53. Refer to question 23. Prepare a bar graph of the data.

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 MATHEMATICS

54. The following table shows the area of the land on which different
crops were grown.

Crop Area of land (in million hectares)

Rice 50

Wheat 30

Pulses 20

Sugarcane 25

Cotton 15

Prepare a pictograph by choosing a suitable symbol to represent 10

million hectares.

55. Refer to question 54. Prepare a bar graph of the data.

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Rough Work

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



    

• Perimeter of a closed figure is the distance covered in one round
along the boundary of the figure.
• A closed figure in which all sides and angles are equal is called a
regular polygon.
• Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 × (length + breadth)
• Perimeter of a square = 4 × length of its side
• Perimeter of an equilateral triangle = 3 × length of a side
• The amount of region enclosed by a plane closed figure is called its
area.
• Area of a rectangle = length × breadth
• Area of a square = side × side

   

Example 1: Choose the correct answer from the given four options:
In Fig. 6.1, a square of side
1 cm is joined to a square of
side 3 cm. The perimeter of the
new figure is
(A) 13cm (B) 14cm
(C) 15cm (D) 16cm
Solution: Correct answer is (B) Fig. 6.1

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Example 2: Which of the following statements are true or false?

(a) Geeta wants to raise a boundary wall around her
house. For this, she must find the area of the land of
her house.
(b) A person preparing a track to conduct sports must
find the perimeter of the sports ground.
Solution: (a) False – Boundry wall is around her house, so she
must know the perimeter of the land and not the
area.
(b) True – Track is prepared along the boundary of the
sports ground.
Example 3: Fill in the blanks to make the statements true:
(a) Perimeter of a triangle with sides 4.5cm, 6.02cm and
5.38cm is ____________ .
(b) Area of a square of side 5cm is _____________ .
Solution: (a) 15.9cm.
(b) 25sqcm.
Example 4: Bhavna runs 10 times around a square field of side
80m. Her sister Sushmita runs 8 times around a
rectangular field with length 150m and breadth 60m.
Who covers more distance? By how much?
Solution: Distance covered by Bhavana in one round = Perimeter
of the square field
= 4 × side of square field = 4 × 80m = 320m
Distance covered in 10 rounds = (320 × 10)m = 3200m
Distance covered by Sushmita in one round
= Perimeter of the rectangular field
= 2 × (length + breadth)
= 2 × (150 + 60)m = 2 × 210 = 420m
Distance covered in 8 rounds = 420 × 8 = 3360m
Hence, Sushmita has covered 160m more than the
distance coverd by Bhavna.

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Example 5: The length of a rectangular field is thrice its breadth. If

the perimeter of this field is 800m, what is the length of
the field?
Solution: Perimeter of a rectangle = 2 (length + breadth)
Length of the rectangular field = 3 × breadth
Therefore perimeter of field = 2 (3 × breadth +
breadth)
= 2 ( 4 × breadth)
= 8 × breadth
The given perimeter = 800m
Therefore 8 × breadth = 800
Or, breadth = 800 ÷ 8 = 100m
So, length = 3 × 100m = 300m
Example 6: Cost of fencing around a square field is Rs. 12000. If the
cost of fencing per metre is Rs. 30, find the area of the
square field.
Solution: Cost of fencing per metre = Rs 30
Total cost of fencing = Rs 12000
Total cost
So, the length of fencing (perimeter) = Cost per metre

=
1200 = 400m
30
Now, length of fencing = Perimeter of the square field
= 4 × side of the field
Therefore, 4 × side of the field = 400m
400
or, side of the field = m = 100m
4
So, area of the field = 100m × 100m
= 10000sq m.
Example 7: Sabina wants to cover the floor of her room whose length
is 4 m and breadth is 3m by square tiles. If each square
tile is of side 20cm, then find the number of tiles required
to cover the floor of her room.
Solution: Length of the room = 4m = 400cm
Breadth of the room = 3m = 300cm
Area of the floor of the room = Length × Breadth

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= 400 × 300sqcm = 120000sqcm

Side of the square tile = 20cm
Area of the square tile = Side × Side = 20 × 20sqcm
= 400sqcm

So, number of tiles required = =

Example 8: By splitting the figure into rectangles, find its area.

(see Fig. 6.2) F G
D 3 1
F G
E
D 3 1 2
E B 2 C
2
B 2
C Y
W I U H
I 4 H 4 4
3
4
3
A 3 J
A 3 J
Fig. 6.2 Fig. 6.3
Solution: By splitting the figure into four rectangles, we get
Fig. 6.3
Area of the figure = Area AJIY + Area YWCB
+ Area DWUE + Area FUHG.
Area A J I Y = A J × J I = 3 × 3 = 9
Now, B Y = A B – Y A = 4 – 3 = 1
So, Area Y W C B = B Y × B C = 1 × 2 = 2
Next, D W = D C + C W = 2 + 1 = 3
Therefore, area D W U E = D W × D E = 3 × 3 = 9
Similarly, UH=IH–IU=4–2=2
G H = F U and F U = E U + F E
= D W + F E = 3 + 1= 4
Area F U H G = U H × G H = 2 × 4 = 8
Therefore, the area of the figure = 9 + 2 + 9 + 8
= 28sq units

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 
In questions 1 to 6, out of the four options only one is correct. Write
the correct answer.

1. Following figures are formed by joining six unit squares. Which figure
has the smallest perimeter in Fig. 6.4?

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Fig. 6.4

(A) (ii) (B) (iii) (C) (iv) (D) (i)

2. A square shaped park ABCD of side 100m has A 100m B

two equal rectangular flower beds each of size 5m
10m
10m × 5m (Fig. 6.5). Length of the boundary of
the remaining park is
(A) 360m (B) 400m
D C
(C) 340m (D) 460m Fig. 6.5

3. The side of a square is 10cm. How many times will the new perimeter
become if the side of the square is doubled?
(A) 2 times (B) 4 times (C) 6 times (D) 8 times

4. Length and breadth of a rectangular sheet of paper are 20cm and

10cm, respectively. A rectangular piece is cut from the sheet as shown
in Fig. 6.6. Which of the following statements is correct for the
remaining sheet?

2cm
10cm 5cm

20cm
Fig. 6.6
(A) Perimeter remains same but area changes.

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(B) Area remains the same but perimeter changes.

(C) Both area and perimeter are changing.
(D) Both area and perimeter remain the same.

5. Two regular Hexagons of perimeter 30cm

each are joined as shown in Fig. 6.7. The
perimeter of the new figure is
(A) 65cm (B) 60cm
(C) 55cm (D) 50cm Fig. 6.7
6. In Fig. 6.8 which of the following is a regular polygon? All have
equal side except (i)

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

Fig. 6.8
(A) (i) (B) (ii)
(C) (iii) (D) (iv)

7. Match the shapes (each sides measures 2cm) in column I with the
corresponding perimeters in column II:

Column I Column II

(A) (i) 16cm

(B) (ii) 20cm

(C) (iii) 24cm

(D) (iv) 28cm

(v) 32cm

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8. Match the following

Shapes Perimeter

4
(A) (i) 10
6
rectangle

5
(B) (ii) 18
square

6 6
(C) (iii) 20
6
equilateral triangle

4 4
(D) (iv) 25
2
isosceles triangle

In questions 9 to 13, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

9. Perimeter of the shaded portion in Fig. 6.9 is

A B C
M D
E AB + _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + _ + HA
N
H G F
Fig. 6.9

10. The amount of region enclosed by a plane closed figure is called

its _________.

11. Area of a rectangle with length 5cm and breadth 3cm is _________.

12. A rectangle and a square have the same

6
perimeter (Fig. 6.10).
2
(a) The area of the rectangle is _________.
(b) The area of the square is _________. Fig. 6.10

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13. (a) 1m = _________ cm.

(b) 1sqcm = _________ cm × 1cm.
(c) 1sqm = 1m × _________ m = 100cm × _________ cm.
(d) 1sqm = _________ sqcm.

In questions 14 to 20, state which of the statements are true and which
are false.
14. If length of a rectangle is halved and breadth is doubled then the
area of the rectangle obtained remains same.
15. Area of a square is doubled if the side of the square is doubled.
16. Perimeter of a regular octagon of side 6cm is 36cm.
17. A farmer who wants to fence his field, must find the perimeter of the
field.
18. An engineer who plans to build a compound wall on all sides of a
house must find the area of the compound.
19. To find the cost of painting a wall we need to find the perimeter of
the wall.
20. To find the cost of a frame of a picture, we need to find the perimeter
of the picture.

21. Four regular hexagons are drawn so

as to form the design as shown in
Fig. 6.11. If the perimeter of the design
is 28cm, find the length of each side
of the hexagon. Fig. 6.11
22. Perimeter of an isosceles triangle is 50cm. If one of the two equal
sides is 18cm, find the third side.

23. Length of a rectangle is three times its breadth. Perimeter of the

rectangle is 40cm. Find its length and width.

24. There is a rectangular lawn 10m long and 4m wide in front of Meena’s
house (Fig. 6.12). It is fenced along the two smaller sides and one
longer side leaving a gap of 1m for the entrance. Find the length of
fencing.

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Fig. 6.12 Fig. 6.13

25. The region given in Fig. 6.13 is measured by taking as

a unit. What is the area of the region?

26. Tahir measured the distance around a square field as 200 rods (lathi).
Later he found that the length of this rod was 140cm. Find the side
of this field in metres.

27. The length of a rectangular field is twice its breadth. Jamal jogged
around it four times and covered a distance of 6km. What is the
length of the field?

28. Three squares are joined together as

shown in Fig. 6.14. Their sides are 4cm,
10cm and 3cm. Find the perimeter of 4cm 10cm 3cm
the figure. Fig. 6.14

29. In Fig. 6.15 all triangles are equilateral A

and AB = 8 units. Other triangles have 4
been formed by taking the mid points of 1 1
the sides. What is the perimeter of the
figure? 4

30. Length of a rectangular field is 250m and

B C
width is 150m. Anuradha runs around
this field 3 times. How far did she run?
How many times she should run around
the field to cover a distance of 4km? Fig. 6.15

31. Bajinder runs ten times around a square

track and covers 4km. Find the length of the track.

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32. The lawn in front of Molly’s house is 12m× 8m, whereas the lawn in
front of Dolly’s house is 15m×5m. A bamboo fencing is built around
both the lawns. How much fencing is required for both?

33. The perimeter of a regular pentagon is 1540cm. How long is its each
side?

34. The perimeter of a triangle is 28cm. One of it’s sides is 8cm. Write all
the sides of the possible isosceles triangles with these measurements.

35. The length of an aluminium strip is 40cm. If the lengths in cm are

measured in natural numbers, write the measurement of all the
possible rectangular frames which can be made out of it. (For
example, a rectangular frame with 15cm length and 5cm breadth
can be made from this strip.)

36. Base of a tent is a regular hexagon of perimeter 60cm. What is the

length of each side of the base?

37. In an exhibition hall, there are 24 display boards each of length 1m

50cm and breadth 1m. There is a 100m long aluminium strip, which
is used to frame these boards. How many boards will be framed
using this strip? Find also the length of the aluminium strip required
for the remaining boards.

38. In the above question, how many square metres of cloth is required
to cover all the display boards? What will be the length in m of the
cloth used, if its breadth is 120cm?

39. What is the length of outer 0m

20 30
0m
boundary of the park shown in
Fig. 6.16? What will be the total cost
of fencing it at the rate of
260m 80m 80m
Rs 20 per metre? There is a
rectangular flower bed in the center 100m
of the park. Find the cost of 0m
20 30
manuring the flower bed at the rate 0m
of Rs 50 per square metre.
Fig. 6.16

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40. Total cost of fencing the park shown in Fig. 6.17 is Rs 55000. Find
the cost of fencing per metre.
150m

100m
A B
120m
280m

180m

270m
Fig. 6.17

41. In Fig. 6.18 each square is of unit length

A B
(a) What is the perimeter of the rectangle
ABCD?
(b) What is the area of the rectangle ABCD?
(c) Divide this rectangle into ten parts of equal
area by shading squares.
(Two parts of equal area are shown here)
(d) Find the perimeter of each part which you
D C
have divided. Are they all equal? Fig. 6.18
42. Rectangular wall MNOP of a kitchen is covered with square tiles of
15cm length (Fig. 6.19). Find the area of the wall.
M N

P O
Fig. 6.19

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43. Length of a rectangular field is 6 times its breadth. If the length of

the field is 120cm, find the breadth and perimeter of the field.
44. Anmol has a chart paper of measure 90cm × 40cm, whereas Abhishek
has one which measures 50cm × 70cm. Which will cover more area
on the table and by how much?
45. A rectangular path of 60m length and 3m width is covered by square
tiles of side 25cm. How many tiles will there be in one row along its
width? How many such rows will be there? Find the number of tiles
used to make this path?
46. How many square slabs each with side 90cm are needed to cover a
floor of area 81sqm.
47. The length of a rectangular field is 8m and breadth is 2m. If a square
field has the same perimeter as this rectangular field, find which
field has the greater area.
48. Parmindar walks around a square park once and covers 800m. What
will be the area of this park?
49. The side of a square is 5cm. How many times does the area increase,
if the side of the square is doubled?
50. Amita wants to make rectangular cards measuring 8cm × 5cm. She
has a square chart paper of side 60cm. How many complete cards
can she make from this chart? What area of the chart paper will be
left?
51. A magazine charges Rs 300 per 10sqcm area for advertising.
A company decided to order a half page advertisment. If each page of
the magazine is 15cm × 24cm, what amount will the company has
to pay for it?
52. The perimeter of a square garden is 48m. A small flower bed covers
18sqm area inside this garden. What is the area of the garden that is
not covered by the flower bed? What fractional part of the garden is
covered by flower bed? Find the ratio of the area covered by the
flower bed and the remaining area.
53. Perimeter of a square and a rectangle is same. If a side of the square
is 15cm and one side of the rectangle is 18cm, find the area of the
rectangle.

100 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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54. A wire is cut into several small pieces. Each of the small pieces is
bent into a square of side 2cm. If the total area of the small squares
is 28 square cm, what was the original length of the wire?

55. Divide the park shown in Fig. 6.17 of question 40 into two rectangles.
Find the total area of this park. If one packet of fertilizer is used for
300sqm, how many packets of fertilizer are required for the whole
park?

56. The area of a rectangular field is 1600sqm. If the length of the field
is 80m, find the perimeter of the field.

57. The area of each square on a chess board is 4sqcm. Find the area of
the board.

(a) At the beginning of game when all the chess men are put on the
board, write area of the squares left unoccupied.

(b) Find the area of the squares occupied by chess men.

58. (a) Find all the possible dimensions (in natural numbers) of a
rectangle with a perimeter 36cm and find their areas.

(b) Find all the possible dimensions (in natural numbers) of a

rectangle with an area of 36sqcm, and find their perimeters.

59. Find the area and Perimeter of each of the following figures, if area
of each small square is 1sqcm.

(i) (ii) (iii)

Fig. 6.20

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60. What is the area of each small square in the Fig. 6.21 if the area of
entire figure is 96sqcm. Find the perimeter of the figure.

Fig. 6.21

 
Activity 1: Take 36 square cards each of unit length. In how many
ways can you put them
together to form a rectangle?
One is done for you (Fig. 6.22).
Which arrangement will
make a rectangle of greatest
perimeter and which
arrangement will make a
rectangle of least perimeter? Fig. 6.22

Activity 2: Copy the triangular region in Fig. 6.23 (a). Use it as a

unit to measure the area of each polygon in Fig. 6.23
(b), (c) and (d))

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Fig. 6.23

Activity 3: If = 10sq units

 
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Find how many such triangles will cover the following

figures (Fig. 6.24)

(a) (b) (c) (d)

Fig. 6.24

Activity 4: Measure the following region in Fig. 6.25. Use the

rectangular region of Q.25 as the unit of measure.

Fig. 6.25

Copy the rectangular unit on cardboard and cut it out,

so that you can use it.

Activity 5: Using the same unit as in Q.25 measure these regions.

(Fig. 6.26)

(a)

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(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)
Fig. 6.26
Activity 6: Area of the rectangle shown in Activity 1 is 24sq units. Its
length is 6 units and breadth is 4 units. We can also
write 24 = 6 × 4 which means that 6 and 4 are factors of
24. Now write factors of 24 by observing the rectangles
formed in Q9. Similarly take 48 unit squares and try to
write all the factors of 48 using these squares.

Activity 7: On a squared paper, draw two rectangles with same

perimeter but different areas. Draw two other rectangles
which have same area but different perimeters.

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



    

• The word ‘variable’ means something that can vary, i.e., change.
The value of a variable is not fixed. We use a variable to represent a
number and denote it by any letter such as l, m, n, p, x, y, z etc.
• A variable allows us to express relation in any practical situation
and to express many common rules and properties of geometry,
algebra etc.
• An expression with a variable, constants and the sign of equality
(=) is called an equation.
• The value of the variable which satisfies the equation is called a
solution of the equation.

  

In examples 1 to 3, write the correct answer from the given four options:

Example 1: 4a equals
(A) 4 + a (B) 4 × a
(C) a × a × a × a (D) 4 ÷ a
Solution: Correct answer is (B).
Example 2: 8 more than three times the number x can be represented
as
(A) 8 + x + 3 (B) 3 x – 8 (C) 3 x + 8 (D) 8 x + 3
Solution: Correct answer is (C).

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Example 3: Which of the following is an equation?

(A) x + 7 (B) 2y +3 = 7
(C) 2p < 10 (D) 12x
Solution: Correct answer is (B)
Example 4: Fill in the blanks to make it a true statement:
7 times of y subtracted from 50 can be expressed
as ________
Solution: 50 – 7y
Example 5: State true or false:
x = 5 is a solution of the equation 3 – x = 8
Solution: False
Give an expression for each of the examples 6 to 8:

Example 6: 13 subtracted from thrice of a number.

Solution: Let the number be x.
Thrice of the number is 3x.
13 subtracted from it is the expression 3x – 13.
Example 7: Megha’s age (in years) is 2 more than 5 times her
daughter’s age.
Solution: Let the daughter’s age be m years.
5 times of m is 5m.
2 more than 5m is the expression 5m + 2.
The age of Megha (in years) is (5m + 2).
Example 8: Anagha, Sushant and Faizal are climbing the steps to a
hill top. Anagha is at the step p. Sushant is 10 steps
ahead and Faizal is 6 steps behind Anagha. Where are
Sushant and Faizal? The total number of steps to the
hill top is 3 steps less than 8 times what Anagha has
reached. Express the total number of steps using p.
Solution: Anagha is at step p.
Sushant is 10 steps ahead of Anagha. That is, he is at
the step p + 10.

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 MATHEMATICS

Faizal is 6 steps behind Anagha. That is, he is at

step p – 6.
8 times of p = 8p
3 less than 8p = 8p – 3
So, the total number of steps = 8 p – 3
In examples 9 and 10, change the statements, converting expressions
into statements in ordinary language.

Example 9: Cost of a pencil is Rs x. A pen costs Rs 6x.

Solution: Cost of a pen is 6 times the cost of a pencil.
Example 10: Manisha is z years old. Her uncle is 5z years old and her
aunt is (5z – 4) years old.
Solution: Manisha’s uncle is five times of Manisha’s age. Her aunt
is 4 years younger than her uncle.

(C) Exercise

In questions 1 to 23, out of the four given options, only one is correct.
Write the correct answer.

1. If each match box contains 50 matchsticks, the number of

matchsticks required to fill n such boxes is

(A) 50 + n (B) 50n (C) 50 ÷ n (D) 50 – n

2. Amulya is x years of age now. 5 years ago her age was

(A) (5 – x) years (B) (5 + x) years

(C) (x – 5) years (D) (5 ÷ x) years

3. Which of the following represents 6 × x

x
(A) 6x (B) (C) 6 + x (D) 6 – x
6
4. Which of the following is an equation?
(A) x + 1 (B) x – 1 (C) x – 1 = 0 (D) x + 1 > 0
5. If x takes the value 2, then the value of x + 10 is
(A) 20 (B) 12 (C) 5 (D) 8

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6. If the perimeter of a regular hexagon is x metres, then the length of

each of its sides is

(A) (x + 6) metres (B) (x ÷ 6) metres

(C) (x – 6) metres (D) (6 ÷ x) metres

7. Which of the following equations has x = 2 as a solution?

(A) x + 2 = 5 (B) x – 2 = 0 (C) 2x + 1 = 0 (D) x + 3 = 6

8. For any two integers x and y, which of the following suggests that
operation of addition is commutative ?

(A) x + y = y + x (B) x + y > x (C) x – y = y – x (D) x × y = y × x

9. Which of the following equations does not have a solution in integers?

(A) x + 1 = 1 (B) x – 1 = 3 (C) 2x + 1 = 6 (D) 1 – x = 5

10. In algebra, a × b means ab, but in arithmetic 3 × 5 is

(A) 35 (B) 53 (C) 15 (D) 8

11. In algebra, letters may stand for

(A) known quantities (B) unknown quantities

(C) fixed numbers (D) none of these

12. “Variable” means that it

(A) can take different values (B) has a fixed value

(C) can take only 2 values (D) can take only three values

13. 10 – x means

(A) 10 is subtracted x times (B) x is subtracted 10 times

(C) x is subtracted from 10 (D) 10 is subtracted from x

14. Savitri has a sum of Rs x. She spent Rs 1000 on grocery, Rs 500 on

clothes and Rs 400 on education, and received Rs 200 as a gift. How
much money (in Rs) is left with her?

(A) x – 1700 (B) x – 1900 (C) x + 200 (D) x – 2100

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15. The perimeter of the triangle shown in Fig. 7.1 is

x x

y
Fig. 7.1
(A) 2x + y (B) x + 2y (C) x + y (D) 2x – y

16. The area of a square having each side x is

(A) x × x (B) 4x (C) x + x (D) 4 + x

17. The expression obtained when x is multipled by 2 and then subtracted

from 3 is
(A) 2x – 3 (B) 2x + 3 (C) 3 – 2x (D) 3x – 2
q
18. = 3 has a solution
2
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 3 (D) 2

19. x – 4 = – 2 has a solution

(A) 6 (B) 2 (C) – 6 (D) – 2
4
20. = 2 denotes a
2
(A) numerical equation (B) algebraic expression
(C) equation with a variable (D) false statement

21. Kanta has p pencils in her box. She puts q more pencils in the box.
The total number of pencils with her are

(A) p + q (B) pq (C) p – q

p (D)
q
22. The equation 4x = 16 is satisfied by the following value of x

(A) 4 (B) 2 (C) 12 (D) –12

23. I think of a number and on adding 13 to it, I get 27. The equation for
this is

(A) x – 27 = 13 (B) x – 13 = 27

(C) x + 27 = 13 (D) x + 13 = 27

 
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In question 24 to 40, fill in the blanks to make the statements true:

24. The distance (in km) travelled in h hours at a constant speed of

40km per hour is __________.

25. p kg of potatoes are bought for Rs 70. Cost of 1kg of potatoes (in Rs)
is __________.

26. An auto rickshaw charges Rs 10 for the first kilometre then Rs 8 for
each such subsequent kilometre. The total charge (in Rs) for d
kilometres is __________.

27. If 7x + 4 = 25, then the value of x is __________.

28. The solution of the equation 3x + 7 = –20 is __________.

29. ‘x exceeds y by 7’ can be expressed as __________.

30. ‘8 more than three times the number x’ can be written as __________.

31. Number of pencils bought for Rs x at the rate of Rs 2 per pencil

is __________.

32. The number of days in w weeks is __________.

33. Annual salary at r rupees per month alongwith a festival bonus of

Rs 2000 is __________.

34. The two digit number whose ten’s digit is ‘t’ and units’s digit is ‘u’ is
__________.

35. The variable used in the equation 2p + 8 = 18 is __________.

36. x metres = __________ centimetres

37. p litres = __________ millilitres

38. r rupees = __________ paise

39. If the present age of Ramandeep is n years, then her age after 7
years will be __________.

40. If I spend f rupees from 100 rupees, the money left with me is
__________ rupees.

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 MATHEMATICS

In question 41 to 45, state whether the statements are true or false.

41. 0 is a solution of the equation x + 1 = 0
42. The equations x + 1 = 0 and 2x + 2 = 0 have the same solution.
43. If m is a whole number, then 2m denotes a multiple of 2.
44. The additive inverse of an integer x is 2x.
45. If x is a negative integer, – x is a positive integer.
46. 2x – 5 > 11 is an equation.
47. In an equation, the LHS is equal to the RHS.
48. In the equation 7k – 7 = 7, the variable is 7.
49. a = 3 is a solution of the equation 2a – 1 = 5
50. The distance between New Delhi and Bhopal is not a variable.
51. t minutes are equal to 60t seconds.
52. x = 5 is the solution of the equation 3x + 2 = 20

53. ‘One third of a number added to itself gives 8’, can be expressed as
x
+8=x
3
54. The difference between the ages of two sisters Leela and Yamini is a
variable.

55. The number of lines that can be drawn through a point is a variable.

In questions 56 to 74, choose a letter x, y, z, p etc...., wherever

necessary, for the unknown (variable) and write the corresponding
expressions:
56. One more than twice the number.
57. 20oC less than the present temperature.
58. The successor of an integer.
59. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle, if side of the triangle is m.
60. Area of the rectangle with length k units and breadth n units.
61. Omar helps his mother 1 hour more than his sister does.

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62. Two consecutive odd integers.

63. Two consecutive even integers.
64. Multiple of 5.
65. The denominator of a fraction is 1 more than its numerator.
66. The height of Mount Everest is 20 times the height of Empire State
building.
67. If a note book costs Rs p and a pencil costs Rs 3, then the total cost
(in Rs) of two note books and one pencil.
68. z is multiplied by –3 and the result is subtracted from 13.
69. p is divided by 11 and the result is added to 10.
70. x times of 3 is added to the smallest natural number.
71. 6 times q is subtracted from the smallest two digit number.
72. Write two equations for which 2 is the solution.
73. Write an equation for which 0 is a solution.
74. Write an equation whose solution is not a whole number.
In questions 75 to 84, change the statements, converting expressions
into statements in ordinary language:

75. A pencil costs Rs p and a pen costs Rs 5p.

76. Leela contributed Rs y towards the Prime Minister’s Relief Fund.

Leela is now left with Rs (y + 10000).

77. Kartik is n years old. His father is 7n years old.

78. The maximum temperature on a day in Delhi was poC. The minimum
temperature was (p – 10)oC.

79. John planted t plants last year. His friend Jay planted 2t + 10 plants
that year.

80. Sharad used to take p cups tea a day. After having some health
problem, he takes p – 5 cups of tea a day.
81. The number of students dropping out of school last year was m.
Number of students dropping out of school this year is m – 30.

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82. Price of petrol was Rs p per litre last month. Price of petrol now is
Rs (p – 5) per litre.
83. Khader’s monthly salary was Rs P in the year 2005. His salary in
2006 was Rs (P + 1000).
84. The number of girls enrolled in a school last year was g. The number
of girls enrolled this year in the school is 3g – 10.

85. Translate each of the following statements into an equation, using x

as the variable:
(a) 13 subtracted from twice a number gives 3.
(b) One fifth of a number is 5 less than that number.
(c) Two-third of number is 12.
(d) 9 added to twice a number gives 13.
(e) 1 subtracted from one-third of a number gives 1.

86. Translate each of the following statements into an equation:

(a) The perimeter (p) of an equilateral triangle is three times of its
side (a).
(b) The diameter (d) of a circle is twice its radius (r).
(c) The selling price (s) of an item is equal to the sum of the cost
price (c) of an item and the profit (p) earned.
(d) Amount (a) is equal to the sum of principal (p) and interest (i).

87. Let Kanika’s present age be x years. Complete the following table,
showing ages of her relatives:

Situation (described in ordinary language) Expressions

(i) Her brother is 2 years younger. ________________

(ii) Her father’s age exceeds her age by 35 years. ________________

(iii) Mother’s age is 3 years less than that

of her father. ________________

(iv) Her grand father’s age is 8 times of her age. ________________

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88. If m is a whole number less than 5, complete the table and by

inspection of the table, find the solution of the equation 2m – 5 = – 1 :
m

2m –5

89. A class with p students has planned a picnic. Rs 50 per student is

collected, out of which Rs 1800 is paid in advance for transport. How
much money is left with them to spend on other items?

90. In a village, there are 8 water tanks to collect rain water. On a

particular day, x litres of rain water is collected per tank. If 100 litres
of water was already there in one of the tanks, what is the total
amount of water in the tanks on that day?

91. What is the area of a square whose side is m cm?

92. Perimeter of a triangle is found by using the formula P = a + b + c,

where a, b and c are the sides of the triangle. Write the rule that is
expressed by this formula in words.

93. Perimeter of a rectangle is found by using the formula P = 2 ( l + w),

where l and w are respectively the length and breadth of the
rectangle. Write the rule that is expressed by this formula in words.

94. On my last birthday, I weighed 40kg. If I put on m kg of weight after

a year, what is my present weight?

95. Length and breadth of a bulletin board are r cm and t cm, respectively.
(i) What will be the length (in cm) of the aluminium strip required
to frame the board, if 10cm extra strip is required to fix it properly.
(ii) If x nails are used to repair one board, how many nails will be
required to repair 15 such boards?
(iii) If 500sqcm extra cloth per board is required to cover the edges,
what will be the total area of the cloth required to cover 8 such
boards?
(iv) What will be the expenditure for making 23 boards, if the
carpenter charges Rs x per board.

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96. Sunita is half the age of her mother Geeta. Find their ages

(i) after 4 years?

(ii) before 3 years?

97. Match the items of Column I with that of Column II:

Column I Column II
(i) The number of corners of a quadrilateral (A) =
(ii) The variable in the equation 2p + 3 = 5 (B) constant
(iii) The solution of the equation x + 2 = 3 (C) +1
(iv) solution of the equation 2p + 3 = 5 (D) –1
(v) A sign used in an equation (E) p

(F) x

 

Activity 1: Observe the following patterns and find a rule:

(i)

Perimeter Number of unit shapes

1 1 3 1
1
1
1 4 2
1
1
1
1 1 5 3
1 1
1 1
1 1 6 4
1 1

Rule : Perimeter = Number of unit shapes + 2 = k + 2,

where k is the number of unit shapes (triangles).

 
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UNIT-7

(ii)

1
1 1 4 1
1
1 1
1 1 2
1 1
1 1 1
1 1
1 1 1

Rule :

(iii)

1 1
1 1 5 1
1
1
11
1
11 1

1 111 1
1
1 1 11 1

Rule :

(iv)

1
1 1
5 1
1
1 1
1 1 1
1
1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1 1
1
1 1 1
1 1 11

Rule :

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 






    

• Ratio, Proportion and Unitary Method.

• The comparison of two numbers or quantities by division is known

as the ratio. Symbol ‘:’ is used to denote ratio.

• For a ratio, the two quantities must be in the same unit. If they are
not, they should be expressed in the same unit before the ratio is
taken.

• A ratio may be treated as a fraction.

• Two ratios are equivalent, if the fractions corresponding to them

are equivalent.

• Four quantities are said to be in proportion, if the ratio of the first

and the second quantities is equal to the ratio of the third and the
fourth quantities. The symbol ‘::’ or ‘=’ is used to equate the two
ratios.

• The order of terms in a proportion is important. For example 3, 8,

24, 64 are in proportion but 3, 8, 64, 24 are not in proportion.

• The method in which first we find the value of one unit and then the
value of the required number of units is known as unitary method.

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UNIT-8

(B) Solved Examples

In examples 1 and 2, write the correct answer from the given four
options:

Example 1. The ratio of Rs 8 to 80 paise is

(A) 1 : 10 (B) 10 : 1 (C) 1: 1 (D) 100 : 1
Solution: Correct answer is (B)
(Hint: 1 Rupee = 100 paise)
Example 2. The length and breadth of a steel tape are 10m and
2.4cm, respectively. The ratio of the length to the
breadth is
(A) 5 : 1.2 (B) 25: 6 (C) 625: 6 (D) 1250: 3
Solution: Correct answer is (D)
(Hint: 10m = 10 × 100cm)
Example 3. Find the missing number in the box in the following
proportion:

: 8 :: 12 : 32
12 3×4 3
Solution: 12:32 = 32 = 8×4 = 8 = 3:8

We have,
: 8 = 3 : 8 (Given)
So, the missing number in
is 3.

Example 4. State whether the given statements are true or false:

(a) 12 : 18 = 28 : 56
(b) 25 persons : 130 persons = 15kg : 78kg
Solution: (a) False, Because
12 2
12:18 = = = 2:3
18 3
28 1
and 28:56= = =1:2
56 2
These are not equal.

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 

(b) True, Because

25 persons : 130 persons = 5: 26
and 15kg : 78kg = 5: 26
These are equal.
Example 5. Fill in the blanks:
If two ratios are ______, then they are in proportion.
Solution: Equal/same.
Example 6. Find the ratio of the shaded portion to the unshaded
portion in Fig. 8.1
Solution: Number of squares in the
shaded portion = 15
Number of squares in the
unshaded portion = 33
So, the ratio of the shaded
portion to the unshaded
portion = 15 : 33
15 5× 3 5
= = = = 5:11
33 11×3 11
Fig. 8.1

Example 7. Income of Rahim is Rs 12000 per month and that of

Ami is Rs 191520 per annum. If the monthly expenditure
of each of them is Rs 9960 per month find the ratio of
their savings.
Solution: Savings of Rahim per month = Rs (12000 – 9960)
= Rs 2040
191520
Monthly income of Ami = Rs = Rs 15960
12
Savings of Ami per month = Rs (15960 – 9960)
= Rs 6000
Therefore, ratio of savings of Rahim and Ami
= 2040 : 6000 = 17:50

 
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Example 8. 20 tons of iron costs Rs 600000. Find the cost of 560kg

of iron.
Solution: 1 ton = 1000kg
Therefore, 20 tons = 20000kg
Now, cost of 20000kg iron = Rs 600000
600000
Therefore, cost of 1kg iron = Rs = Rs 30
20000
Therefore, cost of 560kg iron = Rs 30 × 560 = Rs 16800

(C) Exercise
In questions 1 to 10, only one of the four options is correct. Write the
correct one.

1. The ratio of 8 books to 20 books is

(A) 2 : 5 (B) 5 : 2 (C) 4 : 5 (D) 5 : 4

2. The ratio of the number of sides of a square to the number of edges

of a cube is
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 3 : 2 (C) 4 : 1 (D) 1 : 3

3. A picture is 60cm wide and 1.8m long. The ratio of its width to its
perimeter in lowest form is
(A) 1 : 2 (B) 1 : 3 (C) 1 : 4 (D) 1 : 8

4. Neelam’s annual income is Rs. 288000. Her annual savings amount

to Rs. 36000. The ratio of her savings to her expenditure is
(A) 1 : 8 (B) 1 : 7 (C) 1 : 6 (D) 1 : 5

5. Mathematics textbook for Class VI has 320 pages. The chapter

‘symmetry’ runs from page 261 to page 272. The ratio of the number
of pages of this chapter to the total number of pages of the book is
(A) 11 : 320 (B) 3 : 40 (C) 3 : 80 (D) 272 : 320

6. In a box, the ratio of red marbles to blue marbles is 7:4. Which of the
following could be the total number of marbles in the box?
(A) 18 (B) 19 (C) 21 (D) 22

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7. On a shelf, books with green cover and that with brown cover are in
the ratio 2:3. If there are 18 books with green cover, then the number
of books with brown cover is

(A) 12 (B) 24 (C) 27 (D) 36

8. The greatest ratio among the ratios 2 : 3, 5 : 8, 75 : 121 and 40 : 25

is

(A) 2 : 3 (B) 5 : 8 (C) 75 : 121 (D) 40 : 25

9. There are ‘b’ boys and ‘g’ girls in a class. The ratio of the number of
boys to the total number of students in the class is:
b g b b+ g
(A) b + g (B) b + g (C) g (D)
b
10. If a bus travels 160 km in 4 hours and a train travels 320km in
5 hours at uniform speeds, then the ratio of the distances travelled
by them in one hour is

(A) 1 : 2 (B) 4 : 5 (C) 5 : 8 (D) 8 : 5

In questions 11 to 15, find the missing number in the box
in each

of the proportions:
3

11. =
5 20

12.

=2
18 9
8 3.2
13. =

4

14.

= 16 = 24
45 40

16
36

15. = = =
36 63
117
In questions 16 to 34, state whether the given statements are true (T)
or false (F).

3 15
16. =
8 40

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17. 4 : 7 = 20 : 35
18. 0.2 : 5 = 2 : 0.5
19. 3 : 33 = 33 : 333
20. 15m : 40m = 35m : 65m
21. 27cm2 : 57cm2 = 18cm : 38cm
22. 5kg : 7.5kg = Rs 7.50 : Rs 5
23. 20g : 100g = 1metre : 500cm
24. 12 hours : 30 hours = 8km : 20km
25. The ratio of 10kg to 100kg is 1:10
26. The ratio of 150cm to 1metre is 1:1.5.
27. 25kg : 20g = 50kg : 40g
28. The ratio of 1 hour to one day is 1:1.
29. The ratio 4 :16 is in its lowest form.
30. The ratio 5 : 4 is different from the ratio 4 : 5.
31. A ratio will always be more than 1.
32. A ratio can be equal to 1.
33. If b : a = c : d, then a, b, c, d are in proportion.
34. The two terms of a ratio can be in two different units.

In questions 35 to 46, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

35. A ratio is a form of comparison by ______.

36. 20m : 70m = Rs 8 : Rs ______.

37. There is a number in the box such that , 24, 9, 12 are in

proportion. The number in the box is _____.

38. If two ratios are equal, then they are in _____.

Use Fig. 8.2 (In which each square is of unit

length) for questions 39 and 40:
Fig. 8.2

 
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39. The ratio of the perimeter of the boundary of the shaded portion to
the perimeter of the whole figure is _______.

40. The ratio of the area of the shaded portion to that of the whole figure
is ______.

41. Sleeping time of a python in a 24 hour clock is represented by the

shaded portion in Fig. 8.3.

24 hours

18 hours 6 hours

12 hours

Fig. 8.3

The ratio of sleeping time to awaking time is ______.

42. A ratio expressed in lowest form has no common factor other than
______ in its terms.

43. To find the ratio of two quantities, they must be expressed in

_____units.

44. Ratio of 5 paise to 25 paise is the same as the ratio of 20 paise to

_____

45. Saturn and Jupiter take 9 hours 56 minutes and 10 hours 40

minutes, respectively for one spin on their axes. The ratio of the time
taken by Saturn and Jupiter in lowest form is ______.

46. 10g of caustic soda dissolved in 100mL of water makes a solution of

caustic soda. Amount of caustic soda needed for 1 litre of water to
make the same type of solution is ______.

47. The marked price of a table is Rs 625 and its sale price is Rs 500.
What is the ratio of the sale price to the marked price?

 
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48. Which pair of ratios are equal? And why?

2 4 8 2 4 12
(i) , (ii) , (iii) ,
3 6 4 1 5 20
49. Which ratio is larger 10 : 21 or 21 : 93?

50. Reshma prepared 18kg of Burfi by mixing Khoya with sugar in the
ratio of 7 : 2. How much Khoya did she use?

51. A line segment 56cm long is to be divided into two parts in the ratio
of 2 : 5. Find the length of each part.

52. The number of milk teeth in human beings is 20 and the number of
permanent teeth is 32. Find the ratio of the number of milk teeth to
the number of permanent teeth.

53. Sex ratio is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the
population. Find the sex ratio if there are 3732 females per
4000 males in a town.

54. In a year, Ravi earns Rs 360000 and paid Rs 24000 as income tax.
Find the ratio of his
(a) income to income tax.
(b) income tax to income after paying income tax.

55. Ramesh earns Rs 28000 per month. His wife Rama earns Rs 36000
per month. Find the ratio of

(a) Ramesh’s earnings to their total earnings

(b) Rama’s earnings to their total earnings.

56. Of the 288 persons working in a company, 112 are men and the
remaining are women. Find the ratio of the number of

(a) men to that of women.

(b) men to the total number of persons.

(c) women to the total number of persons.

57. A rectangular sheet of paper is of length 1.2m and width 21cm. Find
the ratio of width of the paper to its length.

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58. A scooter travels 120km in 3 hours and a train travels 120km in 2

hours.

Find the ratio of their speeds.

distance travelled
( Hint : Speed = time taken )

59. An office opens at 9 a.m. and closes at 5.30 p.m. with a lunch break
of 30 minutes. What is the ratio of lunch break to the total period in
the office?

60. The shadow of a 3m long stick is 4m long. At the same time of the
day, if the shadow of a flagstaff is 24m long, how tall is the flagstaff?

1
61. A recipe calls for 1 cup of milk for every 2 cups of flour to make a
2
cake that would feed 6 persons. How many cups of both flour and
milk will be needed to make a similar cake for 8 people?

62. In a school, the ratio of the number of large classrooms to small

classrooms is 3:4. If the number of small rooms is 20, then find the
number of large rooms.

63. Samira sells newspapers at Janpath crossing daily. On a particular

day, she had 312 newspapers out of which 216 are in English and
remaining in Hindi. Find the ratio of

(a) the number of English newspapers to the number of Hindi

newspapers.

(b) the number of Hindi newspapers to the total number of

newspapers.

64. The students of a school belong to different religious backgrounds.

The number of Hindu students is 288, the number of Muslim
students is 252, the number of Sikh students is 144 and the number
of Christian students is 72. Find the ratio of
(a) the number of Hindu students to the number of Christian
students.

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(b) the number of Muslim students to the total number of students.

65. When Chinmay visted chowpati at Mumbai on a holiday, he observed

that the ratio of North Indian food stalls to South Indian food stalls
is 5:4. If the total number of food stalls is 117, find the number of
each type of food stalls.

66. At the parking stand of Ramleela ground, Kartik counted that there
are 115 cycles, 75 scooters and 45 bikes. Find the ratio of the
number of cycles to the total number of vehicles.

67. A train takes 2 hours to travel from Ajmer to Jaipur, which are
130km apart. How much time will it take to travel from Delhi to
Bhopal which are 780km apart if the train is travelling at the uniform
speed?

68. The length and breadth of a school ground are 150m and 90m
respectively, while the length and breadth of a mela ground are 210m
and 126m, respectively. Are these measurements in proportion?

North
America Europe

Asia

South
America Africa

Australia

A n t a r c t i c a

(Comparative areas of the continents)

Fig. 8.4

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69. In Fig. 8.4, the comparative areas of the continents are given:
What is the ratio of the areas of
(a) Africa to Europe
(b) Australia to Asia
(c) Antarctica to Combined area of North America and South
America.

70. A tea merchant blends two varieties of tea costing her Rs 234 and
Rs 130 per kg in the ratio of their costs. If the weight of the mixture
is 84kg, then find the weight of each variety of tea.

71. An alloy contains only zinc and copper and they are in the ratio of
7:9. If the weight of the alloy is 8kg, then find the weight of copper in
the alloy.

72. In the following figure, each division represents 1cm:

A B C D E F G H I
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Fig. 8.5
Express numerically the ratios of the following distances:
(i) AC : AF (ii) AG : AD (iii) BF : AI (iv) CE : DI

73. Find two numbers whose sum is 100 and whose ratio is 9 :16.

74. In Fig. 8.6 (i) and Fig. 8.6 (ii), find the ratio of the area of the shaded
portion to that of the whole figure:

Fig. 8.6 (i) Fig. 8.6 (ii)

75. A typist has to type a manuscript of 40 pages. She has typed

30 pages of the manuscript. What is the ratio of the number of pages
typed to the number of pages left?

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76. In a floral design made from tiles each of dimensions 40cm by

60cm (See Fig. 8.7), find the ratios of:
(a) the perimeter of shaded portion to the perimeter of the whole
design.
(b) the area of the shaded portion to the area of the unshaded
portion.

Fig. 8.7

77. In Fig. 8.8, what is the ratio of the areas of

(a) shaded portion I to shaded portion II ?
10

5 I
I II 7

10

II

Fig. 8.8

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(b) shaded portion II to shaded portion III?

(c) shaded portions I and II taken together and shaded portion III?

78. A car can travel 240km in 15 litres of petrol. How much distance will
it travel in 25 litres of petrol?

79. Bachhu Manjhi earns Rs 24000 in 8 months. At this rate,

(a) how much does he earn in one year?
(b) in how many months does he earn Rs 42000?

80. The yield of wheat from 8 hectares of land is 360 quintals. Find the
number of hectares of land required for a yield of 540 quintals?

81. The earth rotates 360o about its axis in about 24 hours. By how
much degree will it rotate in 2 hours?

82. Shivangi is suffering from anaemia as haemoglobin level in her blood

is lower than the normal range. Doctor advised her to take one iron
tablet two times a day. If the cost of 10 tablets is Rs 17, then what
amount will she be required to pay for her medical bill for 15 days?

83. The quarterly school fee in Kendriya Vidyalaya for Class VI is

Rs 540. What will be the fee for seven months?

84. In an election, the votes cast for two of the candidates were in the
ratio 5 : 7. If the successful candidate received 20734 votes, how
many votes did his opponent receive?

85. A metal pipe 3 metre long was found to weigh 7.6kg. What would be
the weight of the same kind of 7.8m long pipe?

86. A recipe for raspberry jelly calls for 5 cups of raspberry juice and
1
2 cups of sugar. Find the amount of sugar needed for 6 cups of the
2
juice?

87. A farmer planted 1890 tomato plants in a field in rows each having
63 plants. A certain type of worm destroyed 18 plants in each row.
How many plants did the worm destroy in the whole field?

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88. Length and breadth of the floor of a room are 5m and 3m, respectively.
1
forty tiles, each with area m2 are used to cover the floor partially.
16
Find the ratio of the tiled and the non tiled portion of the floor.

89. A carpenter had a board which measured 3m × 2m. She cut out a
rectangular piece of 250cm × 90cm. What is the ratio of the area of
cut out piece and the remaining piece?

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Rough Work

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Rough Work

132 EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

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




    

• A figure is said to have line symmetry, if by folding the figure along

a line, the left and right parts of it coincide exactly. The line is called
the line (or axis) of symmetry of the figure.

• A figure may have no line of symmetry, one line of symmetry, two

lines of symmetry, three lines of symmetry and so on.

• Line symmetry is closely related to mirror reflection. The distance of

the image of a point (or object) from the line of symmetry (mirror) is
the same as that of the point from that line of symmetry.

• Many constructions can be made using different instruments of a

geometry box.

  

In examples 1 and 2, out of four given options, only one is correct.

Write the correct answer.

Example 1: Which of the following letters does not have any line of
symmetry?
(A) E (B) T (C) N (D) X
Solution: Correct answer is (C)

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Example 2: Which of the following angles cannot be constructed

using ruler and compasses?
(A) 75° (B) 15° (C) 135° (D) 85°
Solution: Correct answer is (D)

In examples 3 to 5, fill in the blanks so that the statements are true:

Example 3: If B is the image of A in line l and D is the image of C in

line l, then AC = _________.
Solution: BD
Example 4: In Fig. 9.1, the line segments
A B
PQ and RQ have been D
C
marked on a line l such that l
PQ = AB and RQ = CD. P R Q
Then AB – CD =__________. Fig. 9.1

Solution: PR
Example 5: The number of scales in a protractor for measuring the
angles is __________.
Solution: Two

In examples 6 and 7, state whether the statements are true or false:

Example 6: Using the set squares 30° – 60° – 90° and 45° – 45° – 90°,
we can draw an angle of 75°.
Solution: True. (Since 75° = 45° + 30° )
Example 7: A circle has only 8 lines of symmetry.
Solution: False (A circle has infinitely many lines of symmetry).
Example 8. Write the letters of the word ALGEBRA which have no
line of symmetry.
Solution: The letters L, G and R have no line of symmetry. (Do
you see why the dotted line is not the line of symmetry

in ?)

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Example 9: Draw a line segment equal to the sum of B

two line segments given in Fig. 9.2
A
C D
Solution: 1. Draw a line l and on it, cut a line
segment Fig. 9.2

PQ = AB, using compasses.

l
( Fig. 9.3 ) P Q

2. With Q as centre and CD Fig. 9.3

as radius, draw an arc to
cut a line segment QS = CD l
P Q S
on l as shown in
Fig. 9.4. Then, line segment Fig. 9.4
PS is equal to the sum of
AB and CD, i.e., PS = AB + CD
Example 10. Draw an angle equal to the difference of two angles given
in Fig. 9.5.

E F R Q

Fig. 9.5

Solution: 1. Draw an angle ABC equal to ∠DEF (as ∠DEF > ∠PQR),
using ruler and compasses.
2. With BC as one of the arms, draw an
A
angle SBC equal to ∠PQR such that
BS is in the interior of ∠ABC as shown
S
in Fig. 9.6. Then, ∠ABS is the required
angle which is equal to ∠DEF – ∠PQR.
B C
[Note: For making ∠ABS = ∠DEF –
Fig. 9.6
∠PQR, how will you draw ray BS?]

 
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Example 11. Complete Fig. 9.7 so that l is the line of symmetry of the
completed figure.

Fig. 9.7
Solution: The figure can be completed as shown in Fig. 9.8, by
drawing the points symmetric to different corners(points)
with respect to line l.

Fig. 9.8

 

In questions 1 to 17, out of the given four options, only one is correct.
Write the correct answer.

1. In the following figures, the figure that is not symmetric with respect
to any line is:

(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(A) (i) (B) (ii) (C) (iii) (D) (iv)

2. The number of lines of symmetry in a scalene triangle is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

 
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 MATHEMATICS

3. The number of lines of symmetry in a circle is

(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) more than 4

4. Which of the following letters does not have the vertical line of
symmetry?
(A) M (B) H (C) E (D) V

5. Which of the following letters have both horizontal and vertical lines
of symmetry?
(A) X (B) E (C) M (D) K

6. Which of the following letters does not have any line of symmetry?
(A) M (B) S (C) K (D) H

7. Which of the following letters has only one line of symmetry?

(A) H (B) X (C) Z (D) T

8. The instrument to measure an angle is a

(A) Ruler (B) Protractor (C) Divider (D) Compasses

9. The instrument to draw a circle is

(A) Ruler (B) Protractor (C) Divider (D) Compasses

10. Number of set squares in the geometry box is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

11. The number of lines of symmetry in a ruler is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 4

12. The number of lines of symmetry in a divider is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

13. The number of lines of symmetry in compasses is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

14. The number of lines of symmetry in a protractor is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) more than 2

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15. The number of lines of symmetry in a 45o - 45o - 90o set-square is

(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

16. The number of lines of symmetry in a 30o - 60o - 90o set square is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3

17. The instrument in the geometry box having the shape of a triangle
is called a
(A) Protractor
(B) Compasses
(C) Divider
(D) Set-square

In questions 18 to 42, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

18. The distance of the image of a point (or an object) from the line of
symmetry (mirror) is ________ as that of the point (object) from the
line (mirror).

19. The number of lines of symmetry in a picture of Taj Mahal is _______.

20. The number of lines of symmetry in a rectangle and a rhombus are

______ (equal/unequal).

21. The number of lines of symmetry in a rectangle and a square are______

(equal/unequal).

22. If a line segment of length 5cm is reflected in a line of symmetry

(mirror), then its reflection (image) is a ______ of length _______.

23. If an angle of measure 80o is reflected in a line of symmetry, then the

reflection is an ______ of measure _______.

24. The image of a point lying on a line l with respect to the line of
symmetry l lies on _______.

25. In Fig. 9.10, if B is the image of the point A with A

respect to the line l and P is any point lying on P

l
l, then the lengths of line segments PA and
PB are _______. B
Fig. 9.10

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26. The number of lines of symmetry in Fig. 9.11 is__________.

Fig. 9.11

27. The common properties in the two set-squares of a geometry box are
that they have a __________ angle and they are of the shape of a
__________.

28. The digits having only two lines of symmetry are_________ and
__________.

29. The digit having only one line of symmetry is __________.

30. The number of digits having no line of symmetry is_________.

31. The number of capital letters of the English alphabets having only
vertical line of symmetry is________.

32. The number of capital letters of the English alphabets having only
horizontal line of symmetry is________.

33. The number of capital letters of the English alphabets having both
horizontal and vertical lines of symmetry is________.

34. The number of capital letters of the English alphabets having no

line of symmetry is__________.

35. The line of symmetry of a line segment is the ________ bisector of the
line segment.

36. The number of lines of symmetry in a regular hexagon is __________.

37. The number of lines of symmetry in a regular polygon of n sides

is_______.

38. A protractor has __________ line/lines of symmetry.

 
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39. A 30o - 60o - 90o set-square has ________ line/lines of symmetry.

40. A 45o - 45o - 90o set-square has _______ line/lines of symmetry.
41. A rhombus is symmetrical about _________.
42. A rectangle is symmetrical about the lines joining the _________ of
the opposite sides.

In questions 43 - 61, state whether the statements are true (T) or false (F).
43. A right triangle can have at most one line of symmetry.
44. A kite has two lines of symmetry.
45. A parallelogram has no line of symmetry.
46. If an isosceles triangle has more than one line of symmetry, then it
need not be an equilateral triangle.
47. If a rectangle has more than two lines of symmetry, then it must be
a square.
48. With ruler and compasses, we can bisect any given line segment.
49. Only one perpendicular bisector can be drawn to a given line segment.
50. Two perpendiculars can be drawn to a given line from a point not
lying on it.
51. With a given centre and a given radius, only one circle can be drawn.
52. Using only the two set-squares of the geometry box, an angle of 40o
can be drawn.
53. Using only the two set-squares of the geometry box, an angle of 15o
can be drawn.
54. If an isosceles triangle has more than one line of symmetry, then it
must be an equilateral triangle.
55. A square and a rectangle have the same number of lines of symmetry.
56. A circle has only 16 lines of symmetry.
57. A 45o - 45o - 90o set-square and a protractor have the same number of
lines of symmetry.

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58. It is possible to draw two bisectors of a given angle.

59. A regular octagon has 10 lines of symmetry.

60. Infinitely many perpendiculars can be drawn to a given ray.

61. Infinitely many perpendicular bisectors can be drawn to a given ray.

62. Is there any line of symmetry in the Fig. 9.12? If yes, draw all the
lines of symmetry.

B D

Fig. 9.12
63. In Fig. 9.13, PQRS is a rectangle. State the lines of symmetry of the
rectangle.

P A Q

B
D

S C R

Fig. 9.13

 
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64. Write all the capital letters of the English alphabets which have more
than one lines of symmetry.

65. Write the letters of the word ‘MATHEMATICS’ which have no line of
symmetry.

66. Write the number of lines of symmetry in each letter of the word
‘SYMMETRY’.

67. Match the following:

Shape Number of lines of symmetry

(i) Isosceles triangle (a) 6

(ii) Square (b) 5

(iii) Kite (c) 4

(iv) Equilateral triangle (d) 3

(v) Rectangle (e) 2

(vi) Regular hexagon (f) 1

(vii) Scalene triangle (g) 0

68. Open your geometry box. There are some drawing tools. Observe
them and complete the following table:

Name of the tool Number of lines

of symmetry

(i) The Ruler _______

(ii) The Divider _______

(iii) The Compasses _______

(iv) The Protactor _______

(v) Triangular piece with two equal sides _______

(vi) Triangular piece with unequal sides _______

 
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69. Draw the images of points A and B in line l of l

Fig. 9.14 and name them as A′ and B′ A
respectively. Measure AB and A′ B′. Are they
equal?

Fig. 9.14

70. In Fig. 9.15, the point C is the image of point A in line l and line
segment BC intersects the line l at P. A
B
(a) Is the image of P in line l the point P itself?
l
(b) Is PA = PC? P
(c) Is PA + PB = PC + PB?
C
(d) Is P that point on line l from which the Fig. 9.15
sum of the distances of points A and B is
minimum?

71. Complete the figure so that line l becomes the line of symmetry of
the whole figure (Fig. 9.16).

l
Fig. 9.16
A
72. Draw the images of the points
A, B and C in the line m
(Fig. 9.17). Name them as A′, B′
m
and C′, respectively and join
them in pairs. Measure AB, BC,
CA, A′B′, B′C′ and C′A′. Is
AB = A′B′, BC = B′C′ and CA = C′A′? B C
Fig. 9.17

 
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73. Draw the images P′, Q′ and R′ of the points P, n

Q and R, respectively in the line n (Fig. 9.18). P
Join P′ Q′ and Q′ R′ to form an angle P′ Q′ R′.
Measure ∠PQR and ∠P′Q′R′. Are the two
angles equal? Q

Fig. 9.18
74. Complete Fig. 9.19 by taking l as the line of
symmetry of the whole figure.

Fig. 9.19

75. Draw a line segment of length 7cm. Draw its perpendicular bisector,
using ruler and compasses.

76. Draw a line segment of length 6.5cm and divide it into four equal
parts, using ruler and compasses.

77. Draw an angle of 140o with the help of a protractor and bisect it
using ruler and compasses.

78. Draw an angle of 65o and draw an angle equal to this angle, using
ruler and compasses.

79. Draw an angle of 80o using a protractor and divide it into four equal
parts, using ruler and compasses.Check your construction by
measurement.

80. Copy Fig. 9.20 on your notebook and draw a

perpendicular to l through P, using (i) set squares l
P
(ii) Protractor (iii) ruler and compasses. How many Fig. 9.20
such perpendiculars are you able to draw?

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81. Copy Fig. 9.21 on your notebook and draw P

a perpendicular from P to line m, using
m
(i) set squares (ii) Protractor (iii) ruler and
Fig. 9.21
compasses. How many such perpendiculars
are you able to draw?

82. Draw a circle of radius 6cm using ruler and compasses. Draw one of
its diameters. Draw the perpendicular bisector of this diameter. Does
this perpendicular bisector contain another diameter of the circle?

83. Bisect ∠ XYZ of Fig. 9.22

Z X

Y
Fig. 9.22

84. Draw an angle of 60o using ruler and compasses and divide it into
four equal parts. Measure each part.

85. Bisect a straight angle, using ruler and compasses. Measure each
part.

86. Bisect a right angle, using ruler and compasses.

Measure each part. Bisect each of these parts.
D
What will be the measure of each of these parts?
A
87. Draw an angle ABC of measure 45o, using ruler
and compasses. Now draw an angle DBA of O
30
measure 30o, using ruler and compasses as
45O
shown in Fig. 9.23. What is the measure of
∠DBC? B Fig. 9.23 C

88. Draw a line segment of length 6cm. Construct its perpendicular

bisector. Measure the two parts of the line segment.

89. Draw a line segment of length 10cm. Divide it into four equal parts.
Measure each of these parts.

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Activity 1: Make three different ink blot devils

in your notebook and mark their
line of symmetry.

Activity 2: Draw all the lines of symmetry of

Fig. 9.24 by paper folding. Fig. 9.24

Activity 3: Draw an angle of 15o by first drawing an angle of 60o

and then an angle of 45o, using ruler and compasses.

Activity 4: Using ruler and compasses

D A
draw an angle of 90o and in its
interior, draw two rays with the O
P
30
initial point of each as the vertex O
30
O
of the angle so that each of the B 30 C
three angles so formed is of 30o Fig. 9.25
(See Fig. 9.25).

Activity 5: Draw an angle of 45o and in its interior, draw two rays to
form three angles each of measure 15o, using ruler and
compasses.

Activity 6: Draw an angle of 135o and in its interior, draw two rays
to form three angles each of equal measure, using ruler
and compasses. A
Activity 7: Draw the perpendicular
bisectors of BC, CA and AB
(Fig. 9.26). What do you
B C
observe? Fig. 9.26

Activity 8: Bisect AE and CE by drawing up their perpendicular

bisectors in (Fig. 9.27). A D

Let P be the point of intersection of

these perpendicular bisectors check E
whether B
C
PA = PE, PE = PC Fig. 9.27

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Activity 9: Bisect BC and AB by drawing their B C

perpendicular bisectors (Fig. 9.28).

Make the point of intersecton as
P. Check whether PA = PB = PC
A D
Fig. 9.28
Activity 10: Draw two line segments of lengths 8cm and 6cm. Using
these line segments, construct a line segment of length
(8 + 6)cm.

Activity 11: Draw two line segments of lengths 3cm and 5cm.
Construct line segments of the following lengths using
these line segments:

(a) 6cm (b) 15cm (c) (3+5)cm

(d) (6+5)cm (e) (9 – 5)cm (f) (5 – 3)cm

Activity 12: Draw two line segments of lengths 3cm and 6cm.
Construct line segments, equal to the following lengths,
using these line segments.
3+ 6 6 2( 3) + 6
(a) cm (b) cm (c) cm
2 2 2
A
Activity 13: Drop perpendiculars from
D to AB and from D to AC
(Fig. 9.29).
B D C
Fig. 9.29

C B
Activity 14: O is the centre of the circle (Fig. 9.30).
Drop perpendicular from B on CA. O
Where does it meet CA? A

Fig. 9.30
A D
Activity 15: Copy the figure and bisect ∠A
and ∠B (Fig. 9.31). Let the
bisectors meet at some point P.
Measure angle ∠APB. B C
Fig. 9.31

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Activity 16:

2
1 3
4

Fig. 9.32

(a) Bisect angle 1 and angle 2 (Fig. 9.32).

(b) Measure the angle between these bisectors.

(c) Now bisect angle 3 and angle 4.

(d) Measure the angle formed between these bisectors.

(e) What do you obeserve from (b) and (d)? Can you
conclude something?
1
Activity 17: Construct an angle equal to 1 times the ∠PQR of
2
Fig. 9.33, using ruler and compasses.

R
Q

Fig. 9.33

Activity 18: Bisect angle A, angle B and angle C (Fig. 9.34).

What do you observe?

B C
Fig. 9.34

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