Pundit

PD8050

Quick Reference
PD8050 System
 Instrument Overview

Start/Snapshot
Stop
AI positioning
camera Laser pointer
Digital Digital Linear Linear
TGC + TGC - Gain + Gain -

Dry point contact

Transducer elements
Instrument Overview

WiFi
Tablet holder module
USB-C

Power ON/OFF
Modularity

Single handle

16 channel
8 channel
Accessories

79330235 79330345

UTH100 Universal tablet holder for Pundit PD UHA100 Universal tablet holder with chest harness
Can also be used as an iPad stand
Technology - 8 channels

1 channel =
3 transducer elements
Connected in parallel

3 cm

Ch 1 Ch 2 Ch 3 Ch 4 Ch 5 Ch 6 Ch 7 Ch 8

21 cm
Technology - Operating principle

One channel transmits Each channel transmits in turn

The signal is received on the other 7 channels
A complete cycle is completed in ms

The individual signals are used to create a

B-scan image in real time
Technology - B-scan

Real time imaging

Scanning surface

21 cm
B-scan
slice perpendicular to
scanning surface
Back wall echo
Technology - C-scan or Time Slice

Real time imaging

A time slice or C-scan We can adjust the

shows the amplitude thickness of the slice
of the signal at a and move it to any
chosen depth depth
Recommended Workflow

Tips on structural assessment.

Structural assessment with the PD8050 is typically done for the following cases:-

1. Thickness measurement – e.g. tunnel lining thickness

2. Concrete quality assessment by means of ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements
3. Verification of the presence or absence of structural defects, in particular voids, delaminations and honeycombs.
4. Verification of the presence or absence of voids inside tendon ducts.

In all cases a good starting point is the recommended measurement settings

Case 1 – It is important to know the expected thickness of the tunnel and select the appropriate depth of field. This will usually be the intermediate range.
Because of the large amount of reinforcement used in tunnels, it is typically not advisable to use the near field setting as this has a reduced transmission voltage.

Case 2 – In this case it is necessary to know the thickness of the element being tested and to set the appropriate depth of field.

Case 3 – For this investigation it is necessary to find out as much information as possible on the suspected default. Are there drawings of the structure available?
How thick is the structure? What kind of defect is suspected? (e.g. a void caused by concrete not flowing freely due to dense reinforcement). Is the approximate
depth of the suspected defect known? Have any destructive tests been carried out to confirm the presence of a defect? Once this is known, the starting point is
to try and locate a position on the structure where there is a back wall echo clearly visible and then to compare this with the images taken at the suspected
defect locations.

Case 4 – This technique involves locating the tendon duct with a GPR instrument and then carrying out a full 3D matrix scan along the duct to look for variations
in amplitude which indicates the likely presence of voids. There are a number of guidelines available on this technique that the user is advised to consult for
further information.

Other than case 4, the best way to proceed is to try and detect a clean back wall image at some point on the structure.
Recommended Workflow
Tips on obtaining a good back wall image.

• Perform a provisional investigation. Without saving any data, move the sensor around the surface to try to locate a back wall echo.

If no back wall is immediately visible, try the following:-

• Try rotating the probe diagonally to reduce the influence of reinforcement.

• Try increasing the linear gain and digital TGC if no back wall echo is immediately visible.
(Note: in order to do this the auto gain function must be switched off.)
• If this fails, try increasing the analog gain and TGC.
• If this still does not work, then it may be necessary to use a lower frequency, either by setting the depth of field to far field, or by manually adjusting,

Reasons why a back wall image may not be visible:

• Coating on the surface with de-bonding to the concrete. Typically results in a totally red reflection from the top of the scan.
• Near to surface defect. Typically results in a totally red reflection from near the top of the scan.
• The element is too thick. Typically, the scan will be completely blue if there are no objects present.
• There is too much reinforcement or poor concrete quality causes too much attenuation.
• There are voids or honeycombs in the path. Typically, the objects will be visible as significant red, orange, yellow echoes.
• There are delaminations not visible due to destructive interference which block the path to the back wall. This occurs when the delaminations or voids
have very rough surfaces which scatter the reflections. The scan may appear totally blue in this case, even though there may be large defects visible.
This has been known to occur in steel fibre reinforced concrete and verified by destructive testing.
Recommended Workflow

Check Measurement
Settings

Adjust Gain and TGC

Calibrate Pulse Velocity

(Optional)

Provisional Investigation

Scan
Recommend Measurement Settings
Initial settings recommended to give a reasonable image on concrete without the need to calibrate the pulse velocity on
the test object.

Measuring Presets Variation

Measuring mode Line scan Full matrix 3D for 3D imaging

Grid scan for large area heat maps
Depth of field Intermediate field Near field for objects < 30 cm thick
Far field for objects > 1m thick
A.I. Positioning Off ON (Requires AI measurement tape)

X-spacing 21

Image Stabilizer 1

Units Metric or Imperial

depending on region

Advanced Measuring Presets Variation

Half Cycle Off

Analog Gain 36 dB

Analog TGC 0 dB 10 dB for objects thick objects (ca. 1m)

Pulse Delay 8 ms
Recommend Measurement Settings
Initial settings recommended to give a reasonable image on concrete without the need to calibrate the pulse velocity on
the test object.

Image Processing Variation

Auto Gain ON If auto gain is off, then set Linear Gain and Digital
TGC to default values (0, 0)
Global Pulse 2600
Velocity
Ascan Signal and Envelope

Advanced Image Processing Variation

Surface Wave OFF Removes noise caused by surface waves

Cancellation
Raw Data Offset -30 Only change this if it can be calibrated with 1st and
(µs) 2nd back wall echoes
Depth of Field – Custom Settings
If desired the depth of field settings can be individually adjusted

Settings

Tx Frequency (kHZ) Low frequency – reduces resolution close to surface, increases

penetration depth

High frequency – increased resolution close to surface, decreases

penetration depth

Tx Voltage (V) Adjust transmission signal strength

(Note! – On adjusting the voltage there is a short delay until it
reaches the new voltage level)

Max Transmission Time (µs) Adjusts the maximum transmission range

Analog Gain and TGC
For most test objects it is recommended to leave the Analog Gain and TGC at the default values and
to use the digital gain and TGC in Image Processing to obtain a good image.

TIP – double tap on the slider to reset to the defaults (36, 0)

However, particularly for deep objects it may be desirable to increase the analog gain and TGC.
In total there is 80 dB of gain available.

NOTE! If analogue gain and TGC are adjusted, remember to reset to the default values on completion
of the test.

Maximum Total Gain

Gain + TGC
= 80dB

Time gain
compensation
Range 0 – 20 dB

Gain
Range 0 – 80 dB
 Pulse Velocity Calibration – 1st and 2nd Back Wall Echo
This method provides the most accurate depth information. It requires two clear back wall echoes and must be carried
out at a location of known depth

Calibrates both
1st and 2nd back wall raw data offset
echoes are required and global pulse
for the calibration velocity
 Pulse Velocity Calibration – 1st and 2nd Back Wall Echo

Swipe in from the

left with one finger
to show the A-scan

Align the cursors to

the peaks of the 1st
and 2nd back wall
echoes
 Pulse Velocity Calibration – 1st and 2nd Back Wall Echo

Tap on “Done” to
complete the
calibration

Tap on the 1st back

wall echo tag to
enter the known
depth of the test
object
 Pulse Velocity Calibration – 1st and 2nd Back Wall Echo

Orange colour
indicates that the tag
is being used to
calibrate the pulse
velocity
 Pulse Velocity Calibration – Only One Back Wall Echo
A 2nd back wall echo is not always available. If only one back wall echo is available, then this method is recommended.

Only the 1st back

wall echo is visible

Set raw data offset

to the default value
(-30 µs)

Long press to add a

back wall tag
manually and align
with the peak of the
A-scan
 Pulse Velocity Calibration – Only One Back Wall Echo

Tap on “Set depth”

to enter the known
depth, which
Tap on the tag to
calibrates the
open the information
global pulse
panel
velocity
 Pulse Velocity Calibration – Only One Back Wall Echo

Orange colour
indicates that the tag
is being used to
calibrate the pulse
velocity
Workflow - Line Scan – Data Collection
Scan parallel to the long axis of the sensor. Combine B-scans with or without an overlap to create a line scan.

Analog gain and TGC can only be

adjusted before saving the first B-
scan
After that the controls are blocked

Digital gain and TGC can be adjusted

at any time and also on the completed
scan
Workflow – Line Scan – Default Spacing
Unless AI positioning is being used, it is necessary to set the X spacing, i.e. how far you wish to move the sensor
between snapshots.

Scan

#1 #2 #3

21 cm 21 cm 21 cm

63 cm
Workflow – Line Scan – X Spacing Overlap
Smoother images can be achieved by overlapping B-scans. In this case it is necessary to set the number of channels you
wish to overlap.

Scan

#1 #2 #3 #4

15 cm 15 cm 15 cm

66 cm
Workflow – Line Scan – X Spacing > 21 cm
For quicker scans over greater distances it is possible to leave a gap between B-scans. Particularly useful when
scanning over large distances when looking for larger defects.

Scan

#1 #2

10 cm

31 cm

10 cm
Workflow – Full 3D Matrix – Data Collection
Scan parallel to the short axis of the sensor.

Analog gain and TGC can only be

adjusted before saving the first B-
scan
After that the controls are blocked

Digital gain and TGC can be adjusted

at any time and also on the completed
scan
Workflow – Full 3D Matrix – Image Creation
B-scans are interpolated to create 3D images up to 1.5m in length.
Workflow – Full 3D Matrix – First Snapshot
Gain and TGC can be adjusted before the first snapshot is taken. Switch to the B-scan view to adjust the transmission
parameters as required before commencing with the scan.

Time Slice View

B-scan View
Swipe down with two
fingers to view B-scan Adjust gain and TGC

Swipe down with two

fingers to revert to
time slice view
 Workflow – Full 3D Matrix– 2nd Snapshot
Unless AI positioning is being used, it is necessary to set the Y spacing, i.e. how far you wish to move the sensor
between snapshots.

10 cm
Scan

#2

10 cm
#1
Workflow – Time Slice View - Detail
Unless AI positioning is being used, it is necessary to set the Y spacing, i.e. how far you wish to move the sensor
between snapshots.

#2

10 cm Interpolated image

#1
Scan

21 cm
 Workflow – Full 3D Matrix– 2nd Snapshot
The maximum length of a Full 3D Matrix scan is 1.5m.

Scan

#7

10 cm
#6

10 cm
#5 60 cm

10 cm
#4

10 cm
#3

10 cm
#2

10 cm
#1
Workflow – Full 3D Matrix – Review Mode

Slider sets slice Slider sets break

thickness for both points for colour
Tap to select B-scan Time Slice View and layers
3D View

B-scan View Time Slice View 3D View

Swipe down with two Swipe down with two Swipe down with two
fingers to view Time fingers to view 3D fingers to view B-scan
Slice
Workflow – Full 3D Matrix – 8 channel / 16 channel
Multiple 3D Matrix scans can be combined to create larger volume scans using the optional Pundit Vision Software.

21 cm 45 cm
Workflow – Post-processing and Analytics Software
Advanced visualization and analysis of ultrasonic pulse-echo data.

Phase evaluation Combine your data

Obtain more By combining 3D

information about Matrix scans or line
material composition scans you can create
based on phase larger volume 3D
evaluation images.

Combine orthogonal
3D scans for maximum
information
Pundit Vision
Workflow – AI Positioning
Enables faster and more precise data acquisition.

AI positioning tape
fixed to scanning
surface

• Can be used both with Line scan and Full 3D

Matrix scan

• Up to 10 tapes can be connected in series for

longer line scans up to 15 m.

AI positioning tape accessory

32730418S
(Set of 10x 1.5 m tapes)

Camera detects the

position of the B-
scan using the AI
positioning tape
 Workflow – AI Positioning
Faster scans – does not require constant spacing or careful placement of the sensor. As long as the tape is visible in the
camera window, the B-scan will be placed in the correct position.

Current B-scan is
positioned precisely

Turn on AI
Positioning

Camera is activated
 Workflow – AI Positioning – Multiple Tapes
When working with multiple tapes it is necessary to inform the system which tape is being used.
E.g. Swipe left with two fingers to move to the next tape

Current B-scan is
positioned correctly

The tape number

appears here
Workflow – AI Positioning – 16 channel tape position
When using AI positioning for Full 3D Matrix scans with the 16 channel instrument, there is a difference between the
PD8000 and PD8050 versions

PD8050 PD8000

Primary Secondary Secondary Primary

Workflow – Grid Scan– Data Collection
One measurement is made in each cell to create a colour-coded heat map of back wall depth or pulse velocity
Useful for uniformity testing and for identifying weak or suspect areas
 Workflow – Grid Scan – Set-up
The grid that you set up here corresponds to a real grid defined on the structure

Drag or long press

to type in grid size
(max 338 cells
e.g. 18 x 18)

Select Backwall
Depth or Pulse
Velocity

Tap to set cell size

10 cm to 200 cm

Tap when ready

Set starting co-

ordinates for grid
Workflow – Grid Scan – Additional Set-up Pulse Velocity
In order to calculate the pulse velocity, it is necessary to enter the known back wall depth.
Note; for structures of varying depth it is possible to adjust individual cells later.

Set known
backwall depth
Workflow – Grid Scan – Measurement Screen
The grid scan relies on an AI function to automatically detect the back wall echo.
If it is unable to detect the back wall, the user may set the tag manually.

Back wall is
detected
automatically by AI
and a tag is created

Current Cell

Record
measurement for
B-scan of current the current cell
cell

Centre button on
left handle can also
be used to record
measurement for
the current cell
Workflow – Grid Scan – Measurement Screen Actions
When a measurement is taken, the next cell automatically becomes the active cell unless the user wishes to change this
manually.

Double tap to
make active cell
Black = outside the
colour slider range

Stop measurement

No back wall
detected by AI
Centre button on
right handle can
also be used to
stop measurement
Workflow – Grid Scan – Re-open a saved file
Grid scans can cover very large areas. It is possible to take a break from scanning, then re-open the file and continue
where you left off.

Continue scanning

New scan
Workflow – Grid Scan – Review Modes

Long press to delete tag

Tap to edit tag information
Drag to reposition

Grid Scan View

B-scan View
Swipe down with two
fingers to view B-scan Tap to select Swipe down with two
B-scan fingers to revert to
of active cell
Grid Scan View
 Workflow – Grid Scan – Review Screen

Long press to delete tag

Tap to edit tag information
Drag to reposition
Export data

Activate augmented
reality

Adjust colour slider

Workflow – Grid Scan – Adjust Colour Slider
The colour slider allows you to quickly highlight weak spots and suspect areas.
Useful for setting a minimum thickness or an acceptable pulse velocity.

Tap to enter min

value

Drag to position
break points

Tap to enter max

value
Image Interpretation – Understanding Echoes – Colour
Coding
The echoes are colour coded to make image interpretation simpler.
Strong echoes occur when there is a boundary between two materials with differing acoustic impedances.
The strongest echoes are from a concrete / air boundary.

Strongest echoes
are yellow, orange
and red.
Image Interpretation – Reflections at Boundaries
The main boundaries encountered in reinforced concrete are concrete / air and concrete / steel.
The strongest echoes are from the concrete / air boundary which occur at the back wall and at defects such as voids,
honeycombs and delaminations.

Rebars
Concrete / Steel boundary
Ca. 43% echo

𝑧! − 𝑧" 2 R = energy reflected

𝑅= Z1 = acoustic impedance concrete
(𝑧!+𝑧")2 Z2 = acoustic impedance 2nd material
Back wall echo
Concrete / Air boundary
Ca. 99% echo
 Image Interpretation – Multiple Echoes
The ultrasonic wave bounces backwards and forwards within an element. So particularly for thinner elements, it is quite
common to see multiple echoes of the back wall and other large objects such as large voids and delaminations.

Scanning surface

1st back wall echo

2nd back wall echo

3rd back wall echo

Image Interpretation – Multiple Echoes - Explanation
The image below shows the path travelled by the signal to create the 1st, 2nd and 3rd back wall echoes.

1st back wall echo 2nd back wall echo 3rd back wall echo

Signal reflects once Signal reflects 3x Signal reflects 5x

and travels a and travels a and travels a
distance 2x D distance 2x D distance 3x D
Image Interpretation – Crack Detection
Cracks or delaminations that run more or less parallel to the scanning surface can be detected.
Cracks that are vertical or at a steep angle cannot be detected.

Delamination

In this location the

angle of the crack
is too steep. The
echo is reflected
away from the
receiver.
Image Interpretation – Shadowing
Larger objects create shadows on the back wall. Likewise, a shadow on the back wall most likely indicates the presence
of an object, even if it cannot be seen directly.

Honeycomb

Shadow on the
back wall
Image Interpretation – Grouting Defects
Voids inside tendon ducts due to grouting defects, cause stronger echoes than those from fully grouted ducts.
This principle has been successfully used to locate grouting defects. (Note! It is always advisable to confirm by drilling
and performing a visual inspection.
 For more information on the product use of the product, please refer
to the PD8050 documentation

It is available for download on

https://www.screeningeagle.com/en/products/pundit-pd8050
For safety and liability information, please download at https://www.screeningeagle.com/en/about-us/gtc-and-certificates
Subject to change. Copyright © 2022 by Proceq SA, Schwerzenbach. All rights reserved.
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