Magic Squares has fascinated man since the ancient times.

Magic
squares have a long history, the earliest record of magic squares is from
China in 2200 BC. and is called "Lo-Shu". The first known example of a
magic square ( 3 x 3 ) is said to have been found on the back of a turtle by
Chinese Emperor Yu in 2200 B.C. The Ancient people believed that any
person who can create Magic Squares possesses Magical Powers.

4 9
2
3 5 7
8 16
The First magic square to appear in the Western world was in the
year 1514 depicted in a copperplate engraving by the German
artist-mathematician Albrecht Dürer.

Dürer's Melancholia I (1514) includes a 4 x 4 magic Square whose Magic sum is 34

 Magic squares were used by Arab astrologers in
the 9th century to help work out horoscopes. The
work of the Greek mathematician Moschopoulos in
1300 A.D. help to spread knowledge about magic
squares. In this present time , we utilize Magic
Squares for Fun and Recreation and for mental
Health and Exercises.
Mental Health and Non-Academic Benefits of Mathematics
“Mathematics is food for the brain” – stated by Dr. Arthur Benjamin, He
knew exactly what he was talking about. After all, math is all about finding
patterns and making connections.

Math requires abstract and concrete thinking, which leads to the development
of the brain’s muscles. Studying math is actually a springboard to increasing
your overall intelligence, and with regular practice, you get better at various
academic pursuits.
How is this possible? Well, math allows you to see connections and develop
neural pathways that strengthen your brain. Mathematics enhances your
analytical and problem-solving skills, creates the basis for systemic thinking,
improves the skills required to arrive at logical conclusions, expands the mind to
handle unfamiliar tasks with ease and confidence, learns through trial and error,
and promotes cautious and careful thinking.
 DEFINITION
A Magic Square is a square grid filled with
Distinct Integers such that the SUM of each Row, Column
and Diagonal is equal.
The sum is called the magic constant or magic Number of the
magic square.
The Mathematical study of magic squares typically deals with its construction,
classification, and enumeration. The Magic Squares are Generally Classified
into 3 Classifications :

1. ODD if n is odd, ( 3,5,7,9,… squares on each side )

2. EVENLY EVEN (also referred to as "doubly

even") if n = 4k (e.g. 4, 8, 12, and so on),

3. ODDLY EVEN (also known as "singly

even") if n = 4k + 2 (e.g. 6, 10, 14, and so on).

Each classification Requires Different Techniques and

Processes in its Construction of the Magic Squares
 ODD , EVENLY EVEN , SINGLY
EVEN SINGLY EVEN
MAGIC SQUARES N=6,10,14,18
ODD
N=3,5,7,9 EVENLY EVEN
N=4,8,12,16
CONSTRUCTING A MAGIC
SQUARE
3X3 ;5X5;7X7
 Rules in Constructing Odd Magic Squares
1. For Odd Magic Squares - Always start in the upper Middle Square
2. Choose a Starting Number and a Common Difference
( Numbers can be Negative or Positive )
3. ADD the Common Difference using Upward Diagonal Direction
4. Transpose the numbers outside the Square Grid :
a. Outside Above- Transpose to Bottom
b. Right outside -Leftmost
c. Outside Diagonal -transpose below the number
5. If the Diagonal Slot is already Filled- up with number,
write the next number below the Reference number
 Column1 Column2 Column3

Starting Point

Row 1

Row 2 𝐶2𝑅2

Row 3 𝐶3𝑅3
 1. For Odd Magic Squares -
Always start in the upper Middle Square
BS BS 2. Choose a Starting Number and a Common
Difference
( Numbers can be Negative or Positive )

8
1 1
1 6
Starting Number : Common Difference :
LS
3. ADD the Common Difference using
Upward Diagonal Direction

3
4. Transpose the numbers

5 7 LS outside the Square grid:

Upper-Lower/ Right -Left

5. If the Diagonal Slot is already

Filled- up, write the next number

4 9 2
below the Reference number.
If the Number is located Diagonal
Outside the Square Grid write it
below the Refrence Number .
 1. For Odd Magic Squares -
Always start in the upper Middle Square
BS BS 2. Choose a Starting Number and a Common
Difference
( Numbers can be Negative or Positive )

22
8 2
8 18
Starting Number : Common Difference :
LS
3. ADD the Common Difference using
Upward Diagonal Direction

12
4. Transpose the numbers

16 20 LS outside the Squares:

Upper-Lower/ Right -Left

5. If the Diagonal Slot is already

Filled- up, write the next number

14 24 10
below the Reference number
 1. For Odd Magic Squares -
Always start in the upper Middle Square
BS BS 2. Choose a Starting Number and a Common
Difference
( Numbers can be Negative or Positive )

4 -10 0 LS Starting Number :

3.
-10
ADD the Common Difference using
Upward Diagonal Direction
CD: 2

-6
4. Transpose the numbers

-2 2 LS outside the Squares:

Upper-Lower/ Right -Left

5. If the Diagonal Slot is already

Filled- up, write the next number

-4 6 -8
below the Reference number
 BS
3
BS BS BS
SN:
35 49 17 31
CD: 2 3 LS

47 11 15 29 33 LS

9 13 27 41 45 LS

21 25 39 43 7 LS

23 37 51 5 19
 RULES IN EVENLY EVEN MAGIC SQUARES : 4 x 4 ; 8 x 8 ; 12 x 12

1. Draw Diagonal Lines

2. Choose your Starting Number and a Common Difference
3. Always start in the FIRST SQUARE UPPER CORNER : C1R1
4. Apply Left to Right Direction- write only on the squares with
Diagonal lines and write imaginary numbers on squares without diagonals
5. Reverse the Direction – right to left- starting from the last
square in the lower corner ( C4R4 ), write numbers only on
the squares without diagonals, start with the starting
number , right to left direction moving upward until you
reach C1R1
 2 3
Sn: 1
1 16 15 14 4 13 CD: 1
7
5 8

12 6 11 9 10

12

10 11 5
8
9
7 6

13 2 16
14 15

4
3 1
 Sn: 3
3 31 29 9 CD: 2
25 13 15 19
17 21 23 11
27 7 5 33
 Sn: 10
10 -18 -16 4 CD: -2
-12 0 -2 -6
-4 -8 -10 2
-14 6 8 -20
 1 63 62 4 5 59 58 8 Sn: 1
56 10 11 53 52 14 15 49 CD: 1
48 18 19 45 44 22 23 41
25 39 38 28 29 35 34 32
33 31 30 36 37 27 26 40
24 42 43 21 20 46 47 17
16 50 51 13 12 54 55 9
57 7 6 60 61 3 2 64
MS=260
Construct a 6 x 6 Magic Square
1. Divide the
Squares into a
3x3

Q II QI 3. Apply the Rules in

Odd Magic Squares
Solve each 3 x 3
By quadrants: II,IV, I,III

Q III Q IV
Construct a 6 x 6 Magic Square
1. Divide the
Squares into a
3x3
2. Choose your Starting Number
and Common Difference

Sn: 1 CD: 1
3. Apply the Rules in
Odd Magic Squares
4. Solve each 3 x 3
By quadrants: II,IV,I,III
5. Interchange Cells : C1R1, C2R2 , C1R3
with
C1R4, C2R5, C1R6 respectively
 Construct a 6 x 6 Magic Square
8 1 6 26 19 24 Sn: 1 CD: 1

3 5 7 21 23 25 Magic Sum: 111

4 9 2 22 27 20
35 33 17 10 15
28 34 12 14 16
30 32 29 13 18 11
31 36
Interchange : 8,5,4 with 35, 32,31
 Construct a 6 x 6 Magic Square
35 1 6 26 19 24 Sn: 1 CD: 1
3 32 7 21 23 25
31 9 2 22 27 20
8 28 33 17 10 15
30 5 34 12 14 16
4 36 29 13 18 11
Interchange : 8,5,4 with 35, 32,31
Construct a 6 x 6 Magic Square
Sn: CD:
 SUDOKU
Suujiwa Dokushin Ni kagiru
Every Number must be Unique and
Without Repetition.
2 5 7
3 4 1
8 9 6
L C R L C R L C R
2 5 7 4 1 9 3 8 6 T
6 M
8 B
3 T
7 M
9 B
5 T
1 M
4 B
4 7 8 3 9 1 2
9 1 2 8 7 5 4
2 5 1 7 3 8
3 4 7 8 2 9 5
9 6 3 2 4
7 1 2 9 5 8 6
8 2 6 9 4 7 1
4 3 6 7 9
5 8 1 4 3 2
7 2 5 Creating a Sudoku

4
Fill up block 1
1 9 7 With numbers 1 to 9.

3 6 8 7
Then Copy c1r1
with the

8 7 2 following
Direction:

5 4 1 7 From c1r1 :
1 step right

9 3 6 7 3
down Then
steps

reverse 3
steps right
6 8 7 1 step down
Then copy all numbers
2 5 4 7 clockwise
1 9 3 7
 a Sudoku
Fill up block 1
With numbers 1 to
9.
Then Copy c1r1
with the
following
Direction:
From c1r1 :
1 step right
3 steps
down Then
reverse 3
steps right
1 step down
 and Error
Method
Fill up each row
With numbers 1-
9 Then adjust by
And by