19CS405PC: JAVA PROGRAMMING

B.Tech. IV SEM

DAY-WISE ASSIGNMENTS

UNIT-I:

Topic 1: Object-Oriented Thinking and Concepts

Q1. What is object-oriented thinking? Explain how viewing the world as agents and
communities influences software design.
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q2. Define messages and methods in the context of object-oriented programming. How do
these concepts facilitate interaction between objects?
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q3. What are responsibilities in object-oriented design? Illustrate how assigning

responsibilities to objects can lead to more maintainable code.
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q4. What are classes and instances? Illustrate your answer with examples that
demonstrate how a class serves as a blueprint and how instances represent concrete
objects.
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q5. Describe class hierarchies and inheritance. How does inheritance support code reuse
and model real-world relationships?
(Analyze – Analysis)

Q6. Explain method binding (static and dynamic). How does dynamic binding support
polymorphism?
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q7. Provide an example in which method overriding is used to implement polymorphism in

an object-oriented system.
(Apply – Application)

Q8. Discuss the benefits and potential drawbacks of object-oriented concepts

(encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism) in software development.
(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q9. Design an object-oriented model for a Library Management System that includes
agents (e.g., Book, Member, Librarian) and clearly defines their responsibilities and
interactions.
(Create – Synthesis)

Q10. Critically assess how object-oriented thinking enhances modularity and

maintainability in large-scale software projects.
(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Topic 2: Java Overview and Basic Syntax

Q1. Provide an overview of Java as a programming language. What are its key buzzwords
(e.g., platform independence, robust, secure, object-oriented)?
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q2. List Java’s primary data types. How do primitive types differ from reference types?
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q3. Demonstrate how variables and arrays are declared and used in Java with a simple
code snippet.
(Apply – Application)

Q4. Explain the concept of operators and expressions in Java with examples.
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q6. What is a class in Java? Describe how classes are defined and instantiated, including
the role of constructors.
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q7. Develop a simple Java class with methods that manipulate strings (e.g., a class that
provides utility methods for string reversal and concatenation).
(Apply – Application)

Q8. Differentiate between primitive data types and objects in Java, and explain why object
types are used in collections and method calls.
(Analyze – Analysis)

Q9. Assess the advantages of Java’s automatic memory management and exception
handling mechanisms in building robust applications.
(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q10. Design a Java program that integrates variables, arrays, control statements, and
string handling to sort and display a list of names.
(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 3: Inheritance and Polymorphism

Q1. Define inheritance in Java. How does it facilitate code reuse and the creation of
hierarchical relationships?
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q2. Explain how member access modifiers (public, protected, default, private) affect
inheritance in Java.
(Apply – Application)

Q3. Demonstrate the use of constructors in a subclass and explain how the super keyword is
used to invoke superclass constructors.
(Apply – Application)

Q4. Provide a code example illustrating method overriding in a class hierarchy (e.g., a base
class Vehicle and subclasses Car and Truck with an overridden method displayInfo()).
(Apply – Application)

Q5. Discuss the use of the final keyword in inheritance and method overriding. Why might
you declare a method or class as final?
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q6. Differentiate between ad hoc polymorphism (overloading) and pure polymorphism

(overriding) with examples.
(Analyze – Analysis)

Q7. Provide a code example illustrating method overriding using a base class Vehicle and
subclasses Car and Truck.
(Apply – Application)
(Note: See Q4 above for a complete example.)

Q8. What are abstract classes in Java, and how do they differ from interfaces? Provide
examples.
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q9. Critically analyze the benefits of inheritance in terms of code reuse and
maintainability, as well as its potential costs (e.g., tight coupling, complexity).
(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q10. Design a Java class hierarchy for a transportation system that includes multiple forms
of inheritance (e.g., specialization and extension) and demonstrates polymorphism through
method overriding. Explain your design choices.
(Create – Synthesis)

UNIT-II: Java Packages, Interfaces, and Stream-Based I/O

Topic 1: Packages
Q1. What is a package in Java? Explain its importance in code organization and
namespace management.
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q2. What is CLASSPATH in Java and how does it affect program execution?
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q3. How does access protection work in Java packages? Explain the roles of public,
protected, default, and private modifiers.
(Analyze – Analysis)

Q4. Describe the process of importing packages in Java. Provide examples of both regular
and static imports.
(Apply – Application)

Q5. Design a scenario where proper packaging improves code organization and
maintainability in a large project.
(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 2: Interfaces

Q6. What is an interface in Java and what purpose does it serve?

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q7. How do you implement an interface in Java? Provide a code example.

(Apply – Application)

Q8. Explain nested interfaces in Java. Provide an example scenario where a nested
interface might be used.
(Analyze – Analysis)

Q9. Discuss the concept of interface inheritance in Java. How can an interface extend
another interface?
(Apply – Application)

Q10. Evaluate the advantages of using interfaces for abstraction in Java.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Topic 3: Stream-Based I/O (java.io) and Related Concepts

Q11. Differentiate between byte streams and character streams in Java I/O.
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q12. How do you read console input and write console output in Java? Provide code
examples using the Console class.
(Apply – Application)
Q13. Describe the role of the File class in Java I/O operations.
(Understand – Comprehension)

Q14. Explain how to perform random access file operations in Java.

(Apply – Application)

Q15. What is serialization in Java and why is it useful? Also, explain the concepts of
enumerations, auto-boxing, and generics in relation to I/O operations.
(Understand/Analyze – Comprehension/Analysis)

UNIT-III: Exception Handling and Multithreading

Topic 1: Exception Handling

Q1. What is exception handling? Explain its importance in Java.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q2. Describe the different types of exceptions in Java.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q3. Compare termination and resumptive models of exception handling.

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q4. Explain how try-catch-finally constructs work, including multiple catch clauses and
nested try statements.

(Apply – Application)

Q5. Design a real-world banking transaction and explain how ACID properties are
maintained using exception handling.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 2: Implementation of Atomicity and Durability

Q6. Explain how atomicity is implemented in database transactions.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q7. What are different methods used to ensure durability in database transactions?

(Understand – Comprehension)
Q8. How do log-based recovery techniques help in ensuring atomicity?

(Apply – Application)

Q9. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of shadow paging and write-ahead
logging.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q10. Develop a step-by-step process to implement atomicity in an online shopping

transaction system.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 3: Concurrent Executions and Serializability

Q11. What is concurrent execution in databases? Why is it necessary?

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q12. Explain different problems caused by concurrent transactions, such as lost updates
and dirty reads.

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q13. Define serializability and discuss its types (conflict and view serializability).

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q14. How does serializability help maintain database consistency? Explain with an
example.

(Apply – Application)

Q15. Develop an algorithm to check whether a given schedule is conflict-serializable.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 4: Recoverability in Transactions

Q16. What is recoverability in database transactions? Explain its importance.

(Understand – Comprehension)
Q17. Describe the different types of recoverable schedules.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q18. What are cascading rollbacks? How can they be prevented?

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q19. Differentiate between strict, rigorous, and cascadeless schedules.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q20. Propose a strategy to implement recoverable transactions in an airline reservation

system.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 5: Implementation of Isolation

Q21. What is isolation in database transactions? Why is it necessary?

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q22. Describe the different levels of isolation in SQL.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q23. How do isolation levels impact performance and concurrency?

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q24. Compare the trade-offs between higher and lower isolation levels.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q25. Design an isolation strategy for a large-scale e-commerce platform.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 6: Testing for Serializability

Q26. What is serializability testing? Why is it important?

(Understand – Comprehension)
Q27. Explain precedence graphs and their role in testing serializability.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q28. How can precedence graphs be used to determine whether a schedule is serializable?

(Apply – Application)

Q29. Evaluate the limitations of serializability testing methods.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q30. Write an algorithm to check the serializability of a given schedule using a precedence
graph.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 7: Lock-Based Protocols

Q31. What are lock-based protocols in database transactions? Explain their types.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q32. Describe two-phase locking (2PL) and its role in concurrency control.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q33. How does strict two-phase locking (S2PL) differ from basic 2PL?

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q34. Discuss the impact of deadlocks in lock-based concurrency control.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q35. Propose a lock-based protocol for handling concurrent transactions in a banking

system.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 8: Timestamp-Based Protocols

Q36. What are timestamp-based concurrency control protocols?

(Understand – Comprehension)
Q37. How do timestamps help maintain concurrency in database transactions?

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q38. Differentiate between optimistic concurrency control and timestamp ordering.

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q39. Discuss the challenges of timestamp-based protocols in large-scale distributed

databases.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q40. Design a timestamp-based concurrency control mechanism for a ride-sharing

application.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 9: Validation-Based Protocols

Q41. What are validation-based concurrency control protocols? Explain their working.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q42. How do validation techniques prevent conflicts between concurrent transactions?

(Apply – Application)

Q43. Compare validation-based protocols with lock-based protocols.

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q44. What are the benefits and limitations of validation-based concurrency control?

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q45. Develop an algorithm to validate transaction execution using validation-based

techniques.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 10: Multiple Granularity

Q46. What is multiple granularity locking? How does it improve concurrency?

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q47. Explain different types of locks (shared, exclusive, intention locks) in multiple
granularity.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q48. How does the locking hierarchy work in multiple granularity?

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q49. Discuss the trade-offs between fine-grained and coarse-grained locking.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q50. Design a multiple granularity locking mechanism for a university database system.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 11: Recovery and Atomicity

Q51. What is transaction recovery in database systems? Explain its need.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q52. Discuss different types of failures that affect transactions (system crash, disk failure,
transaction abort).

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q53. How does atomicity affect transaction recovery?

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q54. Compare different recovery techniques such as log-based recovery and shadow
paging.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q55. Develop a transaction recovery system for a cloud-based financial application.

(Create – Synthesis)
Topic 12: Log-Based Recovery

Q56. What is log-based recovery? Explain different types of logs.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q57. Describe the Write-Ahead Logging (WAL) protocol and its importance.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q58. How does log-based recovery ensure atomicity and durability?

(Apply – Application)

Q59. Evaluate the advantages and limitations of log-based recovery mechanisms.

(Evaluate – Evaluation)

Q60. Implement a simple logging mechanism to track transactions in a database system.

(Create – Synthesis)

Topic 13: Recovery with Concurrent Transactions

Q61. How does recovery work when multiple transactions execute concurrently?

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q62. Explain checkpointing in databases and its role in transaction recovery.

(Understand – Comprehension)

Q63. What are undo and redo operations in transaction recovery?

(Apply – Application)

Q64. Compare immediate and deferred update recovery techniques.

(Analyze – Analysis)

Q65. Develop a recovery mechanism for an online stock trading platform that supports
concurrent transactions.

(Create – Synthesis)
UNIT-IV: The Collections Framework and Utility Classes
Topic 1: Collections Overview and Collection Interfaces

1) What is the Java Collections Framework, and why is it important? (Understand –

Comprehension)
2) Describe the primary Collection interfaces in Java and their roles. (Understand –
Comprehension)
3) How do Collection interfaces promote code reusability and flexibility in Java? (Analyze
– Analysis)
4) Give an example scenario where using a Set is more appropriate than a List. (Apply –
Application)
5) Discuss the advantages of using interfaces in the Collections Framework over concrete
classes. (Evaluate – Evaluation)

Topic 2: The Collection Classes (ArrayList, LinkedList, HashSet, TreeSet,

PriorityQueue, ArrayDeque)

6) Compare and contrast ArrayList and LinkedList in terms of performance and usage
scenarios. (Analyze – Analysis)
7) Explain how HashSet and TreeSet differ in functionality and performance. (Understand
– Comprehension)
8) Describe the differences in usage between PriorityQueue and ArrayDeque. (Analyze –
Analysis)
9) Provide a code example that demonstrates when to use each collection class (e.g.,
ArrayList for dynamic arrays, LinkedList for queue operations). (Apply – Application)
10) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various collection classes and provide
real-world use cases for each. (Evaluate – Evaluation)

Topic 3: Accessing a Collection via an Iterator and For-Each

11) How does an Iterator work in Java? Explain its usage in traversing collections.
(Understand – Comprehension)
12) Compare using an Iterator with the for-each loop for accessing collections. What are the
pros and cons of each? (Analyze – Analysis)

13) Write a Java code snippet that demonstrates how to use an Iterator to remove elements
from a collection while iterating. (Apply – Application)
14) Discuss potential pitfalls when using iterators in concurrent modification scenarios and
propose a solution. (Evaluate – Evaluation)
15) Design a utility method that safely iterates through a collection and removes all null
elements using an Iterator. (Create – Synthesis)

Topic 4: Map Interfaces and Comparators

 16) What is the purpose of the Map interface in Java? How does it differ from other
Collection interfaces? (Understand – Comprehension)
17) Compare HashMap, TreeMap, and LinkedHashMap in terms of ordering and
performance. (Analyze – Analysis)
18) Explain the role of Comparators in sorting collections and maps. Provide an example
using a TreeMap. (Apply – Application)
19) Discuss how custom Comparators can be used to sort complex objects, and identify
potential pitfalls. (Evaluate – Evaluation)
20) Design a scenario where you implement a custom Comparator to sort a collection of
objects (e.g., Books) by multiple fields (e.g., author and title). (Create – Synthesis)

Topic 5: Collection Algorithms and Arrays

21) Describe common algorithms provided by the Collections utility class (e.g., sort,
binarySearch, shuffle). (Understand – Comprehension)
22) How does the Arrays class complement the Collections Framework in Java?
(Understand – Comprehension)
23) Provide an example of using Collections.sort() with a custom Comparator on a list of
objects. (Apply – Application)
24) Discuss the performance implications of using Collections algorithms on large datasets.
(Analyze – Analysis)
25) Design a method that uses both Arrays and Collections utilities to process and sort data
from a list of objects. (Create – Synthesis)

Topic 6: Legacy Classes and Interfaces

26) What are legacy classes and interfaces in Java, and why are they considered legacy?
(Understand – Comprehension)
27) Compare Hashtable and HashMap, highlighting key differences in synchronization and
performance. (Analyze – Analysis)
28) Explain how the Properties class is used in Java applications. (Understand –
Comprehension)
29) Discuss the evolution from legacy classes such as Vector and Stack to newer collection
classes. What improvements do modern classes offer? (Evaluate – Evaluation)
30) Provide a code example that demonstrates using the Properties class to load
configuration data from a file. (Apply – Application)

Topic 7: Utility Classes (StringTokenizer, BitSet, Date, Calendar, Random,

Formatter, Scanner)

31) What is the role of utility classes in java.util, and why are they important? (Understand
– Comprehension)
32) Explain how the StringTokenizer class works and compare it to the split() method of the
String class. (Analyze – Analysis)
33) Describe the functionality of the BitSet class and provide an example of its usage. (Apply
– Application)
 34) Discuss the evolution of Date and Calendar classes in Java and their limitations.
(Evaluate – Evaluation)

UNIT-V: GUI Programming with Swing and Applets

Topic 1: GUI Programming with Swing and Layout Managers

1) What is GUI programming with Swing, and why was it introduced as an improvement
over AWT? (Understand – Comprehension)
2) Explain the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture as implemented in Swing.
(Understand – Comprehension)
3) Define Swing components and containers. How do they differ? (Understand –
Comprehension)
4) Describe the various layout managers available in Swing (FlowLayout, BorderLayout,
GridLayout, CardLayout, GridBagLayout) and discuss when each is most appropriate.
(Analyze – Analysis)
5) Design a simple Swing application that uses GridBagLayout to create a user registration
form with labels, text fields, and buttons. (Create – Synthesis)

Topic 2: Event Handling in Swing

6) What is the delegation event model in Swing, and how does it differ from the traditional
event handling models? (Understand – Comprehension)
7) Define the roles of event sources, event listeners, and event classes in Swing’s event
handling. (Understand – Comprehension)
8) Describe how to handle mouse and keyboard events in Swing, and provide a brief code
example using an adapter class. (Apply – Application)
9) Compare the use of inner classes and anonymous inner classes for event handling in
Swing. What are the advantages and potential drawbacks of each approach? (Analyze –
Analysis)
10) Design an example where an anonymous inner class is used to handle a button click
event in a Swing application. (Create – Synthesis)

Topic 3: Swing Applications and Applets

11) Explain the difference between Swing applications and applets. (Understand –
Comprehension)
12) What security issues are associated with applets, and how do they differ from those in
standalone applications? (Analyze – Analysis)
13) How are parameters passed to applets via HTML? Provide an example snippet. (Apply –
Application)
14) Describe the process of painting in Swing, including the use of the paintComponent()
method. (Understand – Comprehension)
15) Develop a simple Swing applet that draws a custom graphic (e.g., a smiley face) and
includes a button to change its color. (Create – Synthesis)
16) Discuss common Swing controls (e.g., JLabel, JTextField, JButton, JToggleButton,
JCheckBox, JRadioButton, JTabbedPane, JScrollPane, JList, JComboBox, Swing Menus,
Dialogs) and their typical use cases. (Evaluate – Evaluation)