E Tutorial Sheet -o4 Date: 3L /0 5/20 2 2) #

Opm
Poove that he set s(1,3,-1) (,7-3),(1,8-?)
Spans R

Give, sTi,3,-1), Ca,7,-3), (1, 5,-7)f

Aim: o
(*,2, ) E IR
e t o shei hat ven yecor
zr
Scalars , a2, as éIR, So tat,

( ,, ) a C1, 3, -L?,+(2,7, -3) + ( 4, 8,4).

we Con wite,

C, s ) = ( a , s a , a ) + Caa., 7,3au)+ (4%, 84ta)

We Fet
+ 2 a 2 t 4 as
2 3 a + 7 e t 8 as

s -L.
We
needto ind values a, a s a 7 171Ver
CA Kz, 7g)

A
3-7

then 1AE (-49 +24) - 2 ( - 2 lt+ 8 ) +4 (-9+7) - 7

 We
nowP
A adj
1A
(A)
25 2 -27 25/ 1
A
.2 /4

a
a A

a
L 3/

cleary a soltin exis churee o

e 3,

Hen ce
Spamy Sef IR
. 2 7Pve ttas Hhe
set, S 2C1,-2, e) (3, -1, 4
C1,-4, s), (o, 2,-7) Joes n t Span Ik.

iven,
s=
J1, -2,a)_(3,-4,-1), C1,-4, 9), (9,2,*7.
we Can te he pzaix A 26 olows.

2 2

3 -
-L
AE
2

ap Re -3R P -k
2
2
A

PR2
R Rat Pz

A 2

matdx A
covere B 6 edaed

SpanCA) = panCB)
i n ce

i pom Cs) = Cl,-2,2), co,2, -7)

Herrce, e Cclude Hhot s loes not Spans R

 S Pelcmmine ohhes u.e gundie) c 2 9
Lies inRe Spa ue sef
F et s= /x+1, 4 3

Pluat P(o S in Rre ven Spon.

Red e w len as alinea

Cmbinafion 6 polynomials n Hhe span,

Suppese calasQ a, b erioted, Such a t

=F2 + 2K+_9 = a C +L) + b +3)

P
Commbnatim
Tb Hais Lineas
cwLld be r u e
tolloaiY
a = 3

= 2 at 3L =

Sais7es
e Coanveily Riat a 6= 2
equations. This mear6 Jeet use
Can
Fysre2

PO a6 3ollows
te
t e

n he iven S p 1
Hente
 Lat p (U)= ax+Lat C be am
ifsary poynonial
n IPa

GiNen t 1 , otL, L
To suou Hhot Sis a Spmn1g Set, if subbices fo
PAI Cam Le wsItem as nea
Combimaia e elernenfs

we Com u i e

be rrd en us
T5 a Solutiog 5t can

leeew hot Suc poly noials pcxs, if

e wiHew a ear mbmahoy alsone2

polynmials Spamnmg se

For Hus to Le r u e Re }ollourng mwst hrld

we need to }md values

Jet A= O
IAI E L
 A adjcA.
A

s A

-L b

Chotce
Foluhom ris
cle A

a,6, C

Hene S is se 2
.5 Detemine shether e masix, . ios i
tne Spom H e set
s JT
dven maix
A = 577
5-Lo

Aim To hat
2
L2

-LO 3

I His near binain ne refo hold, e

oMoroma
Ate 5

2 a+ 3 b+ 2 7
3 a + b=S
Lo
-¢a + 265

eq? 2 becom

2 C atc)+3b = 7

grom D. eg beenmes
2 5 ) +2b F

Substitte b b e , ne g e ,

a = 2

3
Hence, we Cmm wmte
L2

5 =2 L
3
2

]-
2
3
O6 Suppose dhat S, is dhe Set of eul 2x Symme bic matiees an
S is he se+ of 2x2
Skew-Symmebt mabtcep
Prove hat Spm (S,US) =
Ma
iven, S, is a Sett of - 1
Symmei mcdhM i
S &AEma A=A
S-BEMa B--T (set of all
Sreuw-Symmehic mabin)
Tm codor +o prove equality of two ses, we mecd to proe
mclusion prov omuucd

SPamCsVs) C Maa
Lek
Ler
ESPam[sjus). Then x cem be
wittem as
witten as Limear
Combima Hon ef set s,US e
Limear

a: a: Aijt
,
bs B,
wheea, bi f emd Ait S,, ij6
S2 Stmceai Aii &sen s)
bBi ESRm(S)
Result Every Sauanc mamin cm iten as Sum of
Shew-Symmebic matin Symmehic rnd

A=(AAT)+(A-A)
Symmchru Shew mmemc

So, by usimg hiS we om say

sa hat E Ma
 M-2 e Spam (S,uS,) -
Le AE M Then usimy abore ResultA com b iHen
m m o Symmehm omd ghkaw-symmehit mabn

A-A+HT) + (A-AT)

First+ par+ CI) belmg im S, (, set od eal symmehic mahm) ana

Second pet CII) belmy im S2(Set of aul ske-ymmeie mqhm).
So,we camclude tha AE Span(6S).
S, Fom equuion ()
om we cm Say hat
Sgm (S,S-)= Ma
Hence mes
 a-4 Le S= &V, V,V3 --- ,Vn } be a mom- emphy set ota vestr
SPace V. Let S2 -v, V, -Vs -Vn) . Show hat

SpmlS1) = Spam (S)

Scluhion To Shov Spam (61) C Spom S-) O

Le veSpam (s). Then VCam be wmttm es a mear Cembimahon
of vectu im S e.

ai V;
where Ci&F amd
eS Simce a
EaiV; él-ai) v)
4-ai)(Vi)
omd
Cmd itF -ai EF So, we cm
Say haF
aiE Spom(5)
Spam (S)C Spam (S1)
To Sho
GpanlS) 2 sPam (S-) -

Le SPncS2) ie.

ai-V.)
whe a6 F nJ -i6
S2 = £
tai) V; Smce ai
So b aitf
EF -4,E/F
-4, t/F
simg defkmiHon of
spammimg Seset we con say
say hat
dhat
eSPamSi) SPom (S2) c SPm[Si)
So hom e O ma we comaude mat
SPom (s1) Span(S)
=

Himce
* Li n➔ Jep~ eJ ~ - CTJ~;f() J
The sJ eJ,)11..-'? t '-' l 17, , . . . , v'~ } i n a
'-le.ck space V is .sQJ & J-., he OJ.,m,,JJ J.epe~e,vJ
jcf' -rheAe. f/Vff S ~ C1 J c 2 1
CV\ • _ .r\Pt aJ_Q
1
J

z_{'.__,,L-(') ' s I.A.~ f-k__oJ

e, '-9-, + . . . . -+ Cn '-9-n = o

if Li"➔ ;rJ.t'f' erJe,,J' 7,- ( Il eJ

0
)

The self is "JeJwv L'\/ 1 1

_ • .
1
vV\) is
_Q_; Y\U).A} i rJ! e,reJuJ ii
CI \9, + C."2... '9--1... + - · - + Cn v2-n := 0

~ o'J be sJ-isJiel! vJhvi

CI -- o I
C"L -_ o
1 -
- · I

~ (=; rv,9 w~ Jhell- the -h, /(Ov.!J; J s& } "'1 e_Jvrw

is Q_; n➔ rJ <'f uJ. eJ ·, r",J . ()t,_

S::::: [[, J"J_, - 2, 4] [2 ,11 , - 1. /~1-J l'l.,8', 3,-JJ

1
J >

[3 , 11, - s, sj]

CI [_ I I 3 I - '2 I 4] + L7.. L3 I I( ' - 2 I ~'2. J + CJ l2 (g I ] I -3]

+ c 4 [1 , , , , _g , s J = [_a , o ; o I
J
o
 c 1 +3c .2- + 2c. 3 +3 c 4 =-o
3 c 1 + II C-i- ;-2 C] + I\ Ci., -=- o

- '2--C
1
- 2 C2 +3 c 3 -JC 7 ::::.- D

L, C - 2 C-z_ - CJ e, 3 + r;-c'r -::=_ D

1

Abo-.i e :f\-e."" j _Q_; l'\efa.ll-- ~~ o,wi

M
1Z2-➔ R'l--3 R,· 3 2 3 : 0
3 0
1 3 ')_
0 2 2- 7- . 0
3 II g 11 D ,cl

- 1.. -2 3 -~ 0 R] ➔ R3 +1..'R I 0 tr ~ -2 0

4 -2- -5 s- 0 R4 ~ 'R.i, -'r'R ' 0 -I t, - 11- -1 0

f.3 ~ 'R3 - 2 R2
R'-t ➔ R.'r + -=f R'L

1 3 'L 3 . 0
3 0
' 3 2
0 1- 2- 2. ' D
. Rt, ➔ R4 +R3 0 2- 1- '2-
. 0
_r; . 0
0 0 J () ~6 ' 0
0 3
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 -3 1-

ReJu c_ u» &F/.ew-, /) ei ~ o,vJ M e

Ct + 3 C.'1.. -} 2J.,'J + J C. '-, -=- o CD
?-C.' 2- + 'l_ (_1 + L- c_'-, :::.. 0

'3 C3 - 6 c,_, -::__ o

C1, =O
 'J
Us 1 bQJ; scJ,sJ--i kJ/0r1 , uJ e ;J J
c_
I
-
-
0
I
(.
"2--
=o I
C3 =- 0 '
Ci,I ~ o

;-f - GI \If/)'\ 't"Hwv, h.M -u r:, z_ue s o ~on -

n Wl - .9--t" e s J;l ;s !)y' n➔ ;.Je_p-eJf,J-

 ~ 'LJ 1) JeA r(I) ne
i po ~ rvn r(\.; aflti
\
tA'.J hJ tvi - 1-h-e s Jl
S = 1I +-x_ +'X1- + 11 x 3 ,
It '17- +]1<-.,__ + 2 ·- i 1 I+ 16 ,,_ t '}:><.,_+·r fi

is 9J n ➔ I.J-tp &J eJ fl" - rv J .

sO ~ -0 1 1 ,,,o - -

Lo M i J <'A 1-t-,e
c 1 ( I +-t. +,,_1- + ti-t3 ') + c1- 2
1&wO-i 7
( I+ 47-- +- 3-:i- +'2./ J
::. o +o --x+o --x. +o .:i 'l.

Cr +4 C...1- +- \ 6 C3 ~ o
C, + 3 L1- + 1 e, '3 -=:... o
t t- CI + '2- C..1-- +'2-1- (_'3 ::::_ o

Ak, 0 \1 l Sr J--e,w, i tJ_ ~ \ ) n,,J u m bE \A'.)r,;J

.le,.n
R1-➔ R~ RI
1 I
.., 0
• 0 Cl 3 / S- 0
Lt I6 - -7
~1 ~ R1 - R1
l 3 ~
0 0 l. 8 0
R4 _.:, Rti - 11- R1 o - Is-
ti- '2- 2-1- 0 Io ~ 0

l
'R3 -=,3R_3 - 2.1\'2.
1t, -==, f + s- R_'L
1

Q 0
'K~ ➔ K~ + '¥ f.3 0 3 ( s- 0
0 1 i s- 0
~ C)
0 0 - 6' ' 0 0 0 -6
0 0 f)S- . 0
0 0 0 0 ~
-. · Rt!u cJ 'r 1-ewi ff ~uJ.iorvi M.e

c,+c i+c 3 -=-o

'3C-i.. +{S-C3 -::__o

-6C3 -==- o

U5 ; 'r) h(l_J , u1, s 1--d.J-to VJ , vJe.- J-J

LI=- 0 I c_ "2-. -::::... 0 I
C. 3 :::.. 0

; · e. . Gi; \Jt,,y) s'r ~ ~ urvJ..v.e ,o.Q;,¥/on .

~ t-ht sJ is
 (o Mi !Vt- H,,e 'r J~P,
CI l ~l 1
O
+ ~L [ : ~ J , OJ o o]
+ L3 [ / o +c"L,' -
r -L1oo
°
0
1
rh e l&~Jl iuJ,o }v H--e -iol(Qwi::,- sy/w.i D
l,' Y\t.JVL '7--~ 0 nA :

c, +c2- +c:__ 3 ~ -~ =o
c"L -== o
c 3 + Ct, =-- o
c, +c'-t =-o
Abo'-le s'f /--i t ei~o ,n ,, \'.M7 be vcl/VfttM w,
0 · 0 1 0 · O
R~ ➔ Ri,-R I
o I 0 0 · 0 ----7 0 0 0 · O
0 0 0 o o , D
I o 0 () D -I -I I · o

f O · 0
l i,, ~ R,, + "2-
'
1 0 , O
o I o o . o
0 I O O D
' 0
0 " I f . o o I • o
(:) 0 0 2.. . 0
0 D -1 I O
· RtJuc_J R;ph-wi 1J ,-uJ-ioM 0,1 e
c,+ c2 -+S ==-o

C. 3 + C7 -=.-o

'LC7 =. o

C.. I ==- o c_ 1... =-.o I

I

~ urvj_u-e so ~on
 lei- fu,,ll 2 ,\J3 l
cf \J~ c_ ~r_s. l.r
lnJQ~ne_\~,,t- E

L~ t w hci frl\ TU rhi. 1d-01\ 1--i ~J ,

c
I
u, t ('l ( lll i-U 2-) -H3 \ o, i-l!L- ll3 ) ::: 0 - ®
Lf tue ~ein <Jh~t0 l-ht1t 4,~ \cLa,--,~;1-, impli-ti
t I .:: 0 , t2..:: 0 Cln cl c :: Q . 7
~n ~
3
{ ui , u i-t ll 1- , l_\ i -tu 1 - u3 ll.'l'it I b~ L L.

CT)~ (c,-tc2._+C'3)u, i- (C2._i-C;Jll2._ + (-'3)ll3

::_ 0 -0 1 -t C'l.l\1.. i- 0. ll .
3
f:9oc1Ji:.3 ~ CCJ{)ffiti~nt tif u,, lli_ Cll"<l U3,
w11_ a~t, C1 ·t ~ 2- t t3 ::: t)
- CD

eL -\- c3 :::: a - ©
-c3:::a -®
~ cJ
' j
pT~\J {l H.ti_ t h ,)
C
un <T~ Q V~c k, CJl I fl ID~
,
,,

sCl I-~ ~ I ] -a. + a

') -+ 2 z. ::: C) 0 ~ l ;'tJl '1-r l / d~ pQr d-{) n t .

pT(\ 0 f ~ - ~ \l ppOI_Q , ~ \.-eJ N_ f'l n7 f--h..f f y

'1 Q t h) _g

s c:. { ( o,, o1 , o3) , C6,. 6 , , I:, 3 ) , Cc, , c'l , c3 ) ~

~u r h 1--h tit- 0 1 + 2 a.,_-+ 30 :::: o 6 -+ n,_-+ '3b :::: 0
3 1 1 3
o"d c1 + 2- r2... + 3c 3 ~ o

L~~ lJ.d E'Xomlru H-u IJQn~;1-,/ .

A (_0 I I Q 2_ I () 3 ) --t ei c.. bI I b b3) -+ C \. ( I , C")_ , ( 3 ) :::: ( 0, o, 0)
'.l_ ,

H, -~ 5l j "-eJ / r. Ai b o
U ~1 1 I:) i C, C -==- 0

Q2.. A -+ 62 B -+ \1- C ::. 0

~ A t 62 8 -t C'3 C .:: 0

AbO\lQ )c J~ fr) ~f e91') CC)l ) b-Q_ WTl ~4 r, 0-d

aI ,
b1.. c, 0

a, 61.. c)_ '

0
'
QJ bs ('3 C)

~ --4 2- R2_ On ~ ~3 -4 3R 3
() \ b, e, : 0
2_ 02-. '-b L ')__(,2..... a
3 ()3 3 h-1 3, \1
 R] -) R.3 ---t- ~2.-t- R 1
' 0
C? I
QI 'b I

2-0 2 2b
2
2C 2 '
G

2 () 2-t ~ CJJ .
(j Ii-
1 1 ·-t 2 b1-t sb t1 ·+ 2.C1_i-J~ 0
,. 3
qi b, \)
~ Cf
2 ()
1 2b 2.CL
2 0

0 C) 0.
l

~ \J dI~ t ½-id ~ Or, t lu J~

1W) tei r,

"~ t t() B ; r, 1R__

3
~ ei ~w f-a 'f'J
l+, 0 t- An J 1--\n -Q k

I\~ 11%\Jr\a J~p~f\c\Q;,}-.

~+'le! + 3 C, :?: t)
 D~~--r-1)-) 1110 w~ ~ I ~ ~~-k- t}f fuod-~iDn
f
S-::: i'1n ?\ , (11-cl 1. ~ l',1'\9 tJ.T)1 ;"L r n ,Jon):--
I)
0
l
st) r, ~ lll H
--->, () 1--1 T'O I\ J k I() T) tr, I+, 0 ~ J J D\J t ,

1-1~~, f(·l .):: : .sln1\ (),,~ a(-f \)-:: : C~) (

"") {\· l) -::: t~ i. Cl"J aC·t) -:::: - ti f\i_

1

f¾l 1....\rof)JJ~j tin 1lf -fti ) o"d J!-i.) l:i

IJ--\C1) ::- f h) J\ t1)

U

I
J, f)i_

:.') 14' 1): :: - slT)\ - C'Y'l-t_

::: - (Jin \--\ - (llJ' ;_)

n-,ll::J \n.J ~ 1-of foN ~ I Ml\ S :: ~ J\ T\i, , ( ~ 1- ~

I llO urJ J 1n U..1 ftl n d°" f\ i- .
1

I:> 11
0
-1--7 DQ~1rnlru ~ vutu..u ~f a c,"~ b fa, t0l---id,
~ H\- cf \J ~~h,_s ( ( 1,3, t ),( l , C\ ,1-1 ) 1
(._(l , 1. , b ) ~
I:) l',Y'\Q~ ·f'\1 JQ p~ \"\cl Q (1 i-.
11
J{) \ 0 ' ' \ /
'~ (lltiJ 1 Jh Hu l tJQn~1\,,7 ,

c, ( 1 , '3, 1) -+ \ 2 \ -t , o, 4 ) + c3 to, '2 , 1:, ) ::: lo ,o, D)

11, ~ (]"\ \/ ~ ~ ~ t ·H. 2... -::: 0

3 C1-tQ cL+ 2- ½ ::: C)

C1 +~ <:2 -t b c3 ::: 0

AbayQ ~aJ~rn ~f ~9° con ~Q W1'\ ~~ ri D-J ,

'
t t 0 0
I
Q
~·- ? (l 2..
b
I

1 0

~ R2_ ~ R2 ~3R \ Qn~ ~ -) R3- Kl

l 0 .
I
0

Cl-3 2.
f

0 ~ CD
I

0 3 b 0
\ ~~ Lj 1t O ::: 3 ,
t_ l 0
() D 2 ' 0

6 0

fZ2.~R
3
l t 0 . 0
0
~ h 0
() C)

~ CI t <' 2__ ::: t>

3 C.2.. -t- 1 CJ ::: C)

2 c1 -:::: 0

-~ <::1 -::: O ('2--::: 0 Cl n J C =: 0

1
'
If 0:: 3 rh9n ~~t t>f V~th)y
i:i Cl Il)J Cl_}l L· L·
( OJ (\ JI] 1-f CJ -:/:- 3
TZ3 ---2)
R3 - Zrz
Q- 3 2_
CJ t 3

l L 0
. 0

0-3 2 0
,
() b- i_ 0
a-1

r1 f nt Q
rm f'l Ht cf 'i ~ \ lcirj '1-, a Il)J tlaJ
tlnHi,l/ ~ cl.op f\ dJl')t-.