Level of

Significance
1
Level of Significance
It is denoted by alpha or 𝜶 refers to the degree of significance
in which we accept or reject the null hypothesis .
100% accuracy is not possible in accepting or rejecting a
hypothesis.
The significance level is also the probability of making the
wrong decision when the null hypothesis is true.

Significance
- is defined as the quality of being statistically significant.

2
 Level of Significance

In public health research alpha is usually 0.01 or 1%.

This implies that there is 1%, 5%, or 10% probability of

3
In symbol, it is written as:
𝛼 = 0.01
𝛼 = 0.05
𝛼 = 0.10
If the alternative hypothesis used ≠, then alpha
will be divided by 2.
𝛼/2 = 0.01 / 2 = 0.005
𝛼 /2= 0.05 / 2 = 0.025
𝛼/2 = 0.10 / 2 = 0.05
4
Example 1
Maria uses 5% level of significance in proving that
there is no significant change in the average number
of enrollees in the 10 sections for the last two years.
It means that the chance that the null hypothesis
(𝐻0 ) would be rejected when it is true is 5%.

5
Example 2
𝛼
Determine the value of 𝛼 𝑜𝑟 2 based on the alternative hypothesis in
decimal for.
In 2015, it was recorded that around 34% of the
population in 2015 were not married. A researcher
surveyed a random sample of 500 couples. He found
out that 18% of them were living together but
unmarried. Test at 5% significance level if the current
percentage of unmarried couples is different from
34%.
0.05
𝛼 = 5% 𝑜𝑟 0.05 = 0.025
2
6
Example 3
𝛼
Determine the value of 𝛼 𝑜𝑟 2 based on the alternative hypothesis in
decimal for.
An average construction worker hourly rate pay in the
Philippines is Php 62.50 with a sd of Php 6.01. A random
sample of 20 manufacturing workers were asked on their
hourly rate and found out that they had an average of Php. 50
hourly rate pay with an sd of Php 5.00. Construct a 90%
confidence interval that the average hourly rate for
construction workers is higher than the average hourly rate for
manufacturing workers.
𝛼 = 0.10
7
Example 4
𝛼
Determine the value of 𝛼 𝑜𝑟 2 based on the alternative hypothesis in
decimal for.

A chemist invented an additive to increase the lifespan of

𝛼 = 0.01
8
Example 5
𝛼
Determine the value of 𝛼 𝑜𝑟 2 based on the alternative hypothesis in
decimal for.
A sample of 100 private school students were surveyed
whether they planned to transfer to public school in the
incoming school years. Result showed that 40% of these
students will transfer to public school. Test the average
number of private school students that will transfer to public
school is not 40% at 5% level of significance
𝛼 0.05
= = 0.025
2 2
9
 Two-tailed test One-tailed Test
(non-directional) (directional)
Used to identify whether or Used to ascertain if there
not there is any is any relationship
relationship or difference between variables in a
in either direction single direction

Ha: µ ≠ µ0 Ha: µ < µ0

10
Example 1
The school registrar believes that the average number of
enrollees this school year is not the same as the
previous school year.
Let 𝜇0 be the
average number of
enrollees last year.
𝐻𝑜: 𝜇 = 𝜇0
𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 ≠ 𝜇0

11
Example 2
The school registrar believes that the average number of
enrollees this school year is less than the previous
school year.
Let 𝜇0 be the
average number of
enrollees last year.
𝐻𝑜: 𝜇 ≥ 𝜇0
𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 < 𝜇0

12
Example 3
The school registrar believes that the average number of
enrollees this school year is greater than the previous
school year.
Let 𝜇0 be the
average number of
enrollees last year.
𝐻𝑜: 𝜇 ≤ 𝜇0
𝐻𝑎: 𝜇 > 𝜇0

13
 Seatwork 2
Determine if one-tailed test or two-tailed test fits
the given alternative hypothesis.
1.The mean height of grade 12 students is less than 66 inches.
2.The standard deviation of their height is not equal to 5 inches.
3.Male grade 11 and grade 12 students differ in height on
average.
4.The proportion of senior male students’ height is significantly
higher than that of senior female students.
5.The average grade of grade 11 students in statistics is lower
than their average grade in calculus.