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Tutorial 7 Questions

The document is a tutorial on the fundamentals of communication systems, focusing on angle modulation techniques such as frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM). It includes problems related to modulation index, bandwidth estimation, power calculations, and the effects of modulation on signals. Additionally, it discusses the use of a square-law device to enhance frequency deviation and provides practice problems for further understanding.

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5 views

Tutorial 7 Questions

The document is a tutorial on the fundamentals of communication systems, focusing on angle modulation techniques such as frequency modulation (FM) and phase modulation (PM). It includes problems related to modulation index, bandwidth estimation, power calculations, and the effects of modulation on signals. Additionally, it discusses the use of a square-law device to enhance frequency deviation and provides practice problems for further understanding.

Uploaded by

Free fire Gamer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial-7

ECC-201: Fundamentals of Communication System

1. Let m1 (t) and m2 (t) be two sinusoid message signals. Show that if m1 (t) + m2 (t) phase modulates
a carrier c(t) = Ac cos(2πfc t), the modulated signal is not equal to the sum of the individual phase
modulated signals i.e., s1 (t) + s2 (t).

2. An angle-modulated signal has the form

s(t) = 100 cos[2πfc t + 4sin(2πfm t)]

where fc = 10 M Hz and fm = 1 KHz.


a. Assuming that this is an FM signal, determine the modulation index and the transmitted-signal
bandwidth.
b. Repeat Part (a) if fm is doubled.
c. Assuming that this is a PM signal, determine the modulation index and the transmitted-signal
bandwidth.
d. Repeat Part (c) if fm is doubled.

3. An angle modulated signal with carrier frequency fc = 100 KHz has the form

s(t) = 10 cos[2πfc t + 5sin(3000t) + 10sin(2000πt)]

a. Find the power of the modulated signal.


b. Find the frequency deviation ∆f .
c. Find the modulation index µ.
d. Find the phase deviation ∆ϕ.
e. Estimate the bandwidth of s(t).

4. An FM signal is applied to a square-law device with output voltage v2 related to input voltage v1 by

v2 = av12

where a is a constant. Explain how such a device can be used to obtain an FM signal with a greater
frequency deviation than that available at the input.

5. The FM signal  Z t 
s(t) = Ac cos 2πfc t + 2πkf m(t)dt
0

is applied to the system shown in the diagram in Figure 1, consisting of high-pass RC filter and an
envelope detector.
Assuming that the resistance R is quite small compared with the reactance of the capacitor C for all
significant frequency components of s(t) and the envelope detector does not load the filter, determine
the resulting signal at the envelope detector output.

6. Sketch FM and PM waves for the modulating signal m(t) shown in Figure 2.
The constants kf and kp are 2π × 105 and 10π respectively, and the carrier frequency fc is 100 M Hz.
Figure 1: Envelope detector

Figure 2: Message signal

Practice Problems
1. A message signal m(t) has a bandwidth of 10 kHz and a peak magnitude of 2 volt. Estimate the
bandwidth of the signal s(t) obtained when m(t) frequency modulates a carrier with a frequency
sensitivity of (a) 10Hz/V, (b) 100Hz/V .

2. The message signal m(t) = 10sinc(400t) frequency modulates the carrier c(t) = 100cos(2πfc t). The
modulation index is 6.
a. What is the maximum frequency deviation of the modulated signal?
b. What is the power content of the modulated signal?
c. Find the bandwidth of the modulated signal.

3. Given m(t) = sin(2000πt), kf = 200000π and kp = 10.


a. Estimate the bandwidths of sP M (t) and sF M (t).
b. Repeat part (a) if the message signal amplitude is doubled.
c. Repeat part (a) if the message signal frequency is doubled.

4. Derive an approximation to the output of a phase modulator with modulation signal m(t), under
the condition that max {|m(t)|} < 0.1 rad and kp = 1. What is the approximate spectrum of this
phase-modulated signal?

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