lesson 3

the self as
cognitive
construct
“I am who I am”
 If you are who you are,
then who are you that makes you who
you are?
Self
Self “the sense of personal
Self
Self identity and of who we are as
Self
Self individuals”
Self
Self (Jhangiani and Tarry, 2014)
Self
Self
 Self
I me
Physical
Thinking,
William acting, and
characteristics as
well as
James feeling self psychological

(1890)
capabilities that
makes who you are
 Self
I me
The one who what you think
Carl acts and or feel about
Rogers decides
yourself as an
object
(1902-
1987)
 Self
I me

George response to society's

society's opinion of
Herbert Mead opinion things
(1863-1931)
Self,
Self, Identity,
Identity, and
and
Self-Concept
Self-Concept
Self A fundamental concept of a
Self
Self person's well being that
Self distinguishes them from others;
Self
Self particularly its essence
Self
Self a reflection of perspective about
Self
Self life and existence
Identity
Facts that exhibit and justify our
persona in the society
an extensive way to express the "self"
 Self-concept
The Revolves
formulation Interconnected around the
and definition with "I and Me“ question of
of the "self" "Who am I?“
on oneself
Psychoanalytic
Psychoanalytic Theory
Theory of
of Personality
Personality
Id, Ego, Superego
 Symbolic
Interactionism
-is a micro-level theory that focuses on the
relationships among individuals within a society.

-States that society is the root and reason on why

people are the way they are.

- studies the interactions between individuals and

focuses on how these interactions affect the outcome
of an event.
 3 premises of
Symbolic
Interactionism
1. Social and Historical backgrounds greatly affects how
an individual Acts.

2. Affirmation is the key for self definition.

3. Things could be interpreted by different people in

different circumstances based on their upbringing.
 Self-awareness
- Self Awareness is having a clear
- Self Awareness
perception of yourispersonality,
having a clear
perception
including of your personality,
strengths, weaknesses,
includingbeliefs,
thoughts, strengths, weaknesses,
motivation, and
thoughts, beliefs, motivation, and
emotions.
emotions.
- Self Awareness allows you to
- Self Awareness
understand allows how
other people, you to
they
understand
perceive otherattitude
you, your people, how they
and your
perceive you,
responses yourinattitude
to them and your
the moment.
responses to them in the moment.
According to Carver and Scheire (1981), self-awareness is identified into two types:

Private self Public self

your internal standards your public image
and private thoughts commonly geared
and feelings. toward having a good
presentation of yourself
to others.
 Private self Public self
The way you act around others is not The part of you that you decide to
the same as how you act when by show to the world is your public
yourself. self. How you want people to view
Your private self is who you truly and how you act around others is
are. It's your personal emotions, your public self.
your morals, what you hide from
someone else.
Self-awareness also presents us with three other self-schema
self-schema:

Actual Self - is who you are at the moment

Ideal Self - is who you like to be
Ought Self - is who you think you should be
example

Actual
Actual Self
Self Ideal Self Ought
Ought Self
Self
Self-Awareness

maybe be positive or negative depending on the

circumstances and our next course of action
can also keep you from doing something dangerous
can
can be
be too
too much
much that
that we
we are
are concerned
concerned about
about being
being
observed
observed and
and criticized
criticized by
by others,
others, also
also known
known as
as self-
self-
consciousness
consciousness
Self-conciousness
Self-conciousness

--conscious
conscious of ofone's
one'sexistence
existence
--having
havingor orshowing
showingawareness
awarenessofofone's
one'sown
own
existence,
existence,actions,
actions,etc.
etc.
-- isisan
anacute
acutesense
senseof
ofself
selfawareness
awareness
Our group identity and self-awareness also has a great impact on our self-esteem.
Social Comparison Theory

vs.
Social Comparison Theory

We learn about ourselves, the appropriateness of

our behaviors, as well as our social status by
comparing aspects of ourselves with other
vs.
people.
(Jhangiani and Tarry, 2014; Hogg and Vaughan,
2010)
social comparison theory

ddoowwnnwwaarrdd
We create a We compare
positive self- ourselves with
concept by those who are
comparing better off than
ourselves with us
those who are uuppwwaar rdd
worse than us
social comparison theory

It occurs not only between individuals

social comparison theory

It occurs not only between individuals

But also among groups
 Social comparison also entails what is called We usually react in three ways:
Self-evaluation
Maintenance Theory 1. We distance ourselves
We can feel threatened when someone from that person or
outperforms us, especially when that redefine our relationship
person is close to us (i.e., a friend or with them. (Silent
family)
treatment, change of
(Tesser, 1988; Jhangiani and Tarry, 2014)
friends, some may
redefine by being closer
to that person)
 Social comparison also entails what is called We usually react in three ways:
Self-evaluation
Maintenance Theory
We can feel threatened when someone
outperforms us, especially when that 2. We may also reconsider
person is close to us (i.e., a friend or the importance of the
family) aspect or skill in which
(Tesser, 1988; Jhangiani and Tarry, 2014) you were outperformed
 Social comparison also entails what is called We usually react in three ways:
Self-evaluation
Maintenance Theory
We can feel threatened when someone
outperforms us, especially when that 3. We may also
person is close to us (i.e., a friend or strengthen our resolve
family) to improve that certain
(Tesser, 1988; Jhangiani and Tarry, 2014) aspect of ourselves