4.
6 Philippine Mechanical Code - Exhaust Systems
401.0 SCOPE. Covered by this chapter are the requirements for ventilation air supply and air
exhaust, makeup air requirements and evaporative cooling systems. It includes also the
pressure relationships and ventilation requirements for general acute care hospitals are
shown in Table 4.5 and filter efficiencies for general acute care are shown in Tabie 4-6 and
Tabie 4-7.
402.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS. Ventilation (outdoor) air for occupants shall be designed
based on all rooms and occupied spaces listed in Table 4-1
4021.1 CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS The design calculations of the ventlation system
requirements shall be clearly shown on the construction documents.
402.2 NATURAL VENTILATION Instead of a mechanical ventilation system the use of natural
ventilation systems designed in accordance with this section shall be permitted. [ASHRAE
62.1:5. 1]
403.1.3 Zone Outdoor Airflow. The required zone outdoor airflow shall be determined in
accordance with Equation 4-2. [ASHRAE 62.1: 6.2.2.3] (The zone outdoor airflow is that
amount of outside air that must be provided to the zone through the supply air distribution
system)
403.2 Single Zone Systems. When one air handler supplies a mixture of outdoor air and
recirculated air to only one zone, the outdoor air intake flow (V 0 f) shall be determined in
accordance with Equation 4.3. [ASHRAE 62.1: 6.2.3]
403.3 100% Outdoor Air Systems. When one air handler supplies only outdoor air to one or
more zones, the outdoor air intake flow (Vot) shall be determined in accordance with
Equation 4-4. [ASHRAE62.1 :6.2.4]
403.4 Multiple Zone Re-circulating Systems. When one air handler supplies a mixture of
outdoor air and re-cireulated return air to more than one zone, the outdoor air intake flow
(VO1) shall be determined in accordance with Sections 403.4.1 through 403.4.4.[ASHRAE
62.1: 6.2.5]
403.4.1 Primary Outdoor Air Fraction. When Table 4-3 is used to determine system
ventilation efficiency, the zone primary outdoor air fraction (Zp) shall be determined in
accordance with Equation 4.5. [ASHRAE 62.1:6.2.5.1]
Vpz is the primary airflow to the zone from the air handler, including outdoor air and re-
ciculated return air. [ASH RAE 62.1 :6.2.5.1]
403.4.2 System Ventilation Efficiency. The system ventilation efficiency (Ev) shall be
determined using Table 4-3 or Appendix A of ASH RAE 62.1. [ASHRAE 62.1 :6.2.5.2] [PSVARE
2010 Section 4.3]
403.4.4 Outdoor Air Intake. The design outdoor air intake flow (Vat) shall be determined in
accordance with Equation 48. [ASHRAE 62.1 :6.2.5.4] [PSVARE 2010 Section 4.3]
403.5 Design for Varying Operating Conditions.
403.5.1 Variable Load Conditions. Ventilation systems shall be designed to be capable of
providing the required ventilation rates in the breathing zone whenever the zones served by
the system are occupied, including all full and part load conditions. (ASH RAE 62.1 :6.2.6.1]
403.5.2 Short-term Conditions. If it is known that peak occupancy will be of short duration
or the ventilation rate will be varied or interrupted for a short period of time, the design shall
be permitted to be based on the average conditions over a time period determined by
Equation 4-9 [ASHRE 62.1: 6.2.6.2]
403.6 Dynamic Reset. The system shall be permited to be designed to vary the design
outdoor air intake flow (Val), or the space or zone airflow as operating conditions change
403.7 Exhaust Ventilation. Exhaust airlow shall be provided in accordance with
requirements in table 4-4. Exhaust makeup air shall be permitted to be any combination of
outdoor air, re-circulated air, and transfer air.
4.7 Professional and Ethical Standards
Engineering is an important and learned profession. As members of this profession,
engineers are expected to exhibit the highest standards of honesty and integrity.
Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life for all people. Accordingly, the
services provided by engineers require honesty, impartiality, fairness, and equity, and must
be dedicated to the protection of the public health, safety, and welfare. Engineers must
perform under a standard of professional behavior that requires adherence to the highest
principles of ethical conduct.
I. Fundamental Canons
Engineers, in the fulfillment of their professional duties, shall:
1. Hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.
2. Perform services only in areas of their competence.
3. Issue public statements only in an objective and truthful manner.
4. Act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
5. Avoid deceptive acts.
6. Conduct themselves honorably, responsibly, ethically, and lawfully so as to
enhance the honor, reputation, and usefulness of the profession.
II. Rules of Practice
1. Engineers shall hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public.
If engineers' judgment is overruled under circumstances that endanger life or
property, they shall notify their employer or client and such other authority as may
be appropriate.
a. Engineers shall approve only those engineering documents that are in conformity
with applicable standards.
b. Engineers shall not reveal facts, data, or information without the prior consent of
the client or employer except as authorized or required by law or this Code.
c. Engineers shall not permit the use of their name or associate in business ventures
with any person or firm that they believe is engaged in fraudulent or dishonest
enterprise.
d. Engineers shall not aid or abet the unlawful practice of engineering by a person or
firm.
e. Engineers having knowledge of any alleged violation of this Code shall report
thereon to appropriate professional bodies and, when relevant, also to public
authorities, and cooperate with the proper authorities in furnishing such information
or assistance as may be required.
2. Engineers shall perform services only in the areas of their competence.
a. Engineers shall undertake assignments only when qualified by education or
experience in the specific technical fields involved.
b. Engineers shall not affix their signatures to any plans or documents dealing with
subject matter in which they lack competence, nor to any plan or document not
prepared under their direction and control.
c. Engineers may accept assignments and assume responsibility for coordination of
an entire project and sign and seal the engineering documets for the entire project,
provided that each technical segment is signed and sealed only by the qualified
engineers who prepared the segment.
3. Engines shall issue public statements only in an objecive and truthful manner.
a. Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or
testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports,
statements, or testimony, which should bear the date indicating when it was
current.
b. Engineers may express publicly technical opinions that are founded upon
knowledge of the facts and competence in the subject matter.
c. Engineers shall issue no statements, criticisms, or arguments on technical
matters that are inspired or paid for by interested parties, unless they have prefaced
their comments by explicitly identifying the interested parties on whose behalf they
are speaking, and by revealing the existence of any interest the engineers may have
in the matters.
4. Engineers shall act for each employer or client as faithful agents or trustees.
a. Engineers shall discose all known or potential conficts of interest that could
influence or appear to influence their judgment or the quality of their services.
b. Engineers shall not accept compensation, financial or otherwise, from more than
one party tor services on the same project, or for services pertaining to the same
project, unless the circumstances are fully disclosed and agreed to by all interested
parties.
c. Engineers shall not solicit or accept financial or other valuable consideration,
directly or indirectly, from outside agents in connection with the work for which they
are responsible.
d. Engineers in public service as members, advisors, or employees of a
governmental or quasi-governmental body or department shall not participate in
decisions with respect to services solicited or provided by them or their
organizations in private or public engineering practice.
e. Engineers shall not solicit or accept a contract from a governmental body on
which a principal or officer of their organization serves as a member.
5. Engineers shall avoid deceptive acts.
a. Engineers shall not falsify their qualifications or permit misrepresentation of their
or their associates’ qualifications. They shall not misrepresent or exaggerate their
responsibility in or for the subject matter of prior assignments. Brochures or other
presentations incident to the solicitation of employment shall not misrepresent
pertinent facts concerning employers, employees, associates, joint venturers, or
past accomplishments.
b. Engineers shall not offer, give, solicit, or receive, either directly or indirectly, any
contribution to influence the award of a contract by public authority, or which may
be reasonably construed by the public as having the effect or intent of influencing
the award of a contract. They shall not offer any gift or other valuable consideration
in order to secure work. They shall not pay a commission, percentage, or brokerage
fee in order to secure work, expect to a bona fide employee or bona fide established
commercial or marketing agencies retained by them.
III. Professional Obligations
1. Engineers shall be guided in all their relations by the highest standards of honesty
and integrity.
a. Engineers shall acknowledge their errors and shall not distort or alter the facts.
b. Engineers shall advise their clients or employers when they believe a project will
not be successful.
c. Engineers shall not accept outside employment to the detriment of their regular
work or interest. Before accepting any outside engineering employment, they will
notify their employers.
d. Engineers shall not attempt to attract an engineer from another employer by false
or misleading pretenses.
e. Engineers shall not promote their own interest at the expense of the dignity and
integrity of the profession.
f. Engineers shall treat all persons with dignity, respect, fairness and without
discrimination.
2. Engineers shall at all times strive to serve the public interest.
a. Engineers are encouraged to participate in civic affairs; career guidance for
youths; and work for the advancement of the safety, health, and well-being of their
community.
b. Engineers shall not complete, sign, or seal plans and/or specifications that are
not in conformity with applicable engineering standards. If the client or employer
insists on such unprofessional conduct, they shall notify the proper authorities and
withdraw from further service on the project.
c. Engineers are encouraged to extend public knowledge and appreciation of
engineering and its achievements.
d. Engineers are encouraged to adhere to the principles of sustainable development
1 in order to protect the environment for future generations.
e. Engineers shall continue their professional development throughout their careers
and should keep current in their specialty fields by engaging in professional
practice, participating in continuing education courses, reading in the technical
literature, and attending professional meetings and seminars.
3. Engineers shall avoid all conduct or practice that deceives the public.
a. Engineers shall avoid the use of statements containing a material
misrepresentation of fact or omitting a material fact
b. Consistent with the foregoing. engineers may advertise for recruitment of
personnel
c. Consistent with the foregoing, engineers may prepare articles for the lay or
technical press, but such articles shall not imply credit to the author for work
performed by others.
4. Engineers shall not disclose, without consent, confidential information concerning
the business affairs or technical processes of any present or former client or
employer, or public body on which they serve.
a. Engineers shall not, without the consent of all interested parties, promote or
arrange for new employment or practice in connection with a specific project for
which the engineer has gained particular and specialized knowledge.
b. Engineers shall not, without the consent of all interested parties, participate in or
represent an adversary interest in connection with a specific project or proceeding
in which the engineer has gained particular specialized knowledge on behalf of a
former client or employer.
5. Engineers shall not be influenced in their professional duties by conflicting
interests.
a. Engineers shall not accept financial or other considerations, including free
engineering designs, from material or equipment suppliers for specifying their
product.
b. Engineers shall not accept commissions or allowances, directly or indirectly.
from contractor or other parties dealing with clients or employers of the engineer in
connection with work for which the engineer is responsible.
6. Engineers shall not attempt to obtain employment or advancement or professional
engagements by untruthfully criticizing other engineers, or by other improper or
questionable methods.
a. Engineers shall not request, propose, or accept a commission on a contingent
basis when their judgment may be compromised.
b. Engineers in salaried positions shall accept part-time engineering work only to
the extent consistent with policies of the employer and in accordance with ethical
considerations.
c. Engineers shall not, without consent, use equipment, supplies, laboratory, or
office facilities of an employer to carry on outside private practice.
7. Engineers shall not attempt to injure, maliciously or falsely, directly or indirectly, the
professional reputation, prospects, practice, or employment of other engineers.
Engineers who believe others are guilty of unethical or illegal practice shall present
such information to the proper authority for action.
a. Engineers in private practice shall not review the work of another engineer for the
same client, except with the knowledge of such engineer, or unless the connection
of such engineer with the work has been terminated.
b. Engineers in governmental, industrial, or educational employ are entitled to
review and evaluate the work of other engineers when so required by their
employment duties.
c. Engineers in sales or industrial employ are entitled to make engineering
comparisons of represented products with products of other suppliers.
8. Engineers shall accept personal responsibility for their professional activities,
provided, however, that engineers may seek indemnification for services arising out
of their practice for other than gross negligence, where the engineer's interests
cannot otherwise be protected.
a. Engineers shall conform with state registration laws in the practice of engineering.
b. Engineers shall not use association with a non-engineer, a corporation, or
partnership as a 'cloak" for unethical acts.
9. Engineers shall give credit for engineering work to those to whom credit is due and
will recognize the proprietary interests of others.
a. Engineers shall, whenever possible, name the person or persons who may be
individually responsible for designs, inventions, writings, or other accomplishments.
b. Engineers using designs supplied by a client recognize that the designs remain
the property of the client and may not be duplicated by the engineer for others
without express permission.
c. Engineers, before undertaking work for others in connection with which the
engineer may make improvements, plans, designs, inventions, or other records that
may justify copyrights or patents, should enter into positive agreement regarding
ownership,
d. Engineers' designs, data, records, and notes referring exclusively to an employer's
work are the employer's property. The employer should indemnify the engineer for
the use of the information for any purpose other than the original purpose.
