DATA AND DIGITAL

GOVERNMENT STRATEGY
The data and digital vision for a world-class APS to 2030
Data and Digital Government Strategy

Acknowledgement
The Australian Government gratefully acknowledges the advice, input
and support of the many organisations and individuals who contributed
to developing the Data and Digital Government Strategy (the Strategy).

This Strategy was developed with the assistance of the public, community
and advocacy groups, academia, industry, state and territory governments
and the Australian Public Service. Consultations on the draft Strategy were
held in-person and online with people and organisations to hear their ideas
and thoughts on the future of data and digital services across government
and through submissions. We thank participants for their enthusiasm
in engaging with us and for sharing their ideas and feedback,
which has helped to guide the delivery of the final Strategy.

© Commonwealth of Australia 2023

With the exception of the Commonwealth Coat of Arms and where otherwise noted,
this product is provided under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode)

The Australian Government have tried to make the information in this product as
accurate as possible. However, it does not guarantee that the information is totally
accurate or complete. Therefore, you should not solely rely on this information when
making a commercial decision.

The Australian Government is committed to providing web accessible content wherever

possible. If you are having difficulties with accessing this document, please email:
[email protected].

Version: 1.0

First published: 15 December 2023

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Contents
Minister's foreword 4

2030 vision 5

In this document 6

Current state 7

Missions 11
Delivering for all people and business 12

Simple and seamless services 17

Government for the future 20

Trusted and secure 22

Data and digital foundations 26

Enablers 29

APS data and digital landscape 31

Glossary 32

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Minister's
foreword
The Australian Government is committed
to a modern public service that puts
Senator the Hon Katy Gallagher
people and business at the centre Minister for Finance
of its data and digital transformation. Minister for Women
Minister for the Public Service

In 2023, it is difficult to think of aspects of our life We spoke to people, community and advocacy
that aren’t touched in some way by digital technologies. groups, academia, industry, state and territory
governments and the APS, so that we could
Australians increasingly take up technology to do
be sure this Strategy focuses on the things
everything from banking to accessing support
that make a difference to people and business.
payments to seeing a doctor. It is clear that
We heard about the challenges people face
the Australian Government has the opportunity
in accessing government services and the impact
to use data and digital technologies to improve our
this has on their lives. We heard that people don’t
service delivery and decision-making, with a goal
want to be left behind as services increasingly
of better outcomes for all people and business.
move online. We heard a strong desire for
This is why we have developed the Data the Australian Government to partner more closely
and Digital Government Strategy (the Strategy), with people, the community, industry and other
the first combined data and digital strategy governments, sharing ideas and co-designing
for the Australian Government, as a blueprint policies and services. Partnering with industry
for the use and management of data and digital to drive opportunities, develop common standards
technologies through to 2030. and increase transparency was also a feature
The Strategy sets out the Australian Government’s of our consultations, and aligns well with our
vision to deliver simple, secure and connected commitments as part of the Buy Australian Plan.
public services for all people and business, We also heard about the opportunities innovation
through world-class data and digital capabilities. and emerging technologies bring for better
It is supported by an Implementation Plan (the Plan) service delivery in an increasingly digital world.
which sets out how we will achieve this. I thank everyone who shared their views as part
This Strategy and the Plan is a call to action for of this consultation. Your feedback has been
the Australian Public Service (APS). As Minister used to finalise the Strategy and prioritise
responsible for the APS and whole-of-government actions we will take to achieve the vision
data and digital policy, I am committed to putting of simple, secure and connected public
people and business at the centre of our services for all people and business, through
efforts, ensuring everyone’s experience with world-class data and digital capabilities.
the Australian Government is inclusive, accessible,
responsive to their needs and meets expectations.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

2030
vision
The Australian Government
will deliver simple, secure
and connected public services,
for all people and business,
through world class data
and digital capabilities.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

In this document
The Australian Government will deliver simple, secure
2030 and connected public services, for all people and business,
vision through world class data and digital capabilities.

Missions All government entities will align their own

strategies to the missions and their outcomes.

• Embed co-design
Delivering for all • Embed inclusion and accessibility
• Strengthen partnerships
people and business
• Maximise value from data

Simple and • Be digital by design

• Deploy scalable and secure architecture
seamless services
• Tell us once

Government • Adopt emerging technologies

for the future • Modernise investment approaches

• Build and maintain trust

Trusted
• Modernise legislation
and secure
• Connect data, digital and cyber security

• Manage data as a valuable national asset

Data and digital
• Build a data and digital-capable APS
foundations • Grow APS maturity

These enablers underpin

People capability Cyber security the Government’s
Enablers means of achieving
Governance Investment
each mission’s outcomes.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Current state
The Australian Government is committed to continuing its reform
of the Australian Public Service (APS).

It recognises the significant work required to address nearly a decade

of underinvestment in and outsourcing of capabilities, while keeping
pace with rapidly developing technologies and public expectations
related to data and digital.

The Government is already delivering on this commitment. It’s providing

better services to people and business by improving legacy ICT systems,
including a re-invigorated myGov and expansion of the Digital ID system.
It’s recognising data as a shared national asset by strengthening
data sharing practices, including the first accreditations under the
Data Availability and Transparency Act 2022 (DATA) Scheme and a review
of the Intergovernmental Agreement on Data Sharing. It’s positioning
Australia to respond to opportunities, threats and emerging technologies,
including the creation of a National Cyber Security Coordinator and the
release of the 2023-2030 Australian Cyber Security Strategy.

Trust in Australian public services has steadily increased since 2019, with
61% of survey respondents in 2022 saying they trusted the Government’s
services (Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet, 2022).

Further work, however, is required to achieve this Strategy’s vision.

In 2022, Australia’s ranking on the United Nations E-Government
Development Index (EGDI) dropped to 7th – its lowest ranking in a decade.
While digital inclusion in Australia continues to improve, with an index
score of 73.2 (Australian Digital Inclusion Index, 2023), there remains
a persistent digital divide for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people,
older Australians, people from lower social-economic backgrounds,
and those living in regional and remote areas. Consultations on the initial
Strategy confirmed that those most in need of government services
can often feel left behind by the shift towards digital technology.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Achieving this Strategy’s 2030 vision will require significant improvement

in inclusion and accessibility of data and digital government services.

The Cyber Threat Report shows the Government's critical infrastructure,

businesses and households continue to be targeted by malicious state
and non-state actors (Australian Signals Directorate (ASD), 2023).
Feedback from consultation on the Strategy emphasised how important
trust and security are to Australians. Government systems are also targets
for cyber-attacks, and while improvements have been made, the cyber
security maturity of Government entities remains low (ASD, 2022).

Current digital transformation methods and investment models

do not reflect contemporary procurement practices. This reduces
the Government's ability to respond and innovate. New and updated
frameworks like the Digital and ICT Investment Oversight Framework (IOF)
supports the Government to manage its digital and ICT investments
and manage delivery risks by providing governance, contestability,
delivery and assurance activities across the entire project lifecycle.

Building a data-driven, digitally enabled Government depends on

the expertise within the APS, yet years of outsourcing have increased
the APS’ reliance on external capability. In 2021, almost half of its digital
and ICT workforce were contractors, service providers and consultants
(Digital Transformation Agency, 2021); an annual cost of $2.1 billion,
$1.1 billion and $200 million respectively.

A diverse and inclusive data and digital workforce enables greater

innovation, understanding and effective decision making. In 2022,
however, only 41% of the APS’s data and digital roles were performed
by women (Australian Public Service Commission, 2022).

Rebuilding the APS’s data and digital workforce requires striking a balance
when engaging external capability, tapping into its existing talent and better
supporting those who are under-represented in these roles, including
women, people with disability and culturally and linguistically diverse
people. This will be key to future proofing the APS with the skills
and resources needed to achieve the Strategy’s 2030 vision.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Opportunities
Data and digital technologies are critical to the Australian Government’s
activities. Continued commitment to improving how the APS adopts
and uses data and digital technologies will lead to even more progress.

• Growing maturity will improve service delivery, enhance evidence-based

decision-making, policy and program evaluation, and increase the public’s
trust in the Government’s handling of their information.

• Advancing interoperability will remove silos, reduce the number

of times Government collects the same information and make it easier
to design and deliver services around people, rather than around
how Government is structured.

• Strengthening oversight and advice functions and providing visibility

of other commitments at the time decisions on data and digital
investments are made will lead to more efficient and effective spending.

• Replacing outdated technologies will improve functionality

and productivity and address cyber security vulnerabilities.

• Reducing storage of the same data across multiple systems

will make it easier to manage, reducing the risk and impacts
of data breaches and other cyber security incidents.

• Updating legislation, standards and policies will allow Government

to harness data and digital technologies safely, easily and while
maintaining public trust.

• Leading by example will help build the public’s trust and respect
in the APS and encourage broader adoption of emerging technologies
and their safe and responsible adoption in the broader economy.

Measuring success
The Strategy is accompanied by an Implementation Plan (the Plan).

The Plan details where we are starting from and the actions the
Australian Government will take to achieve the Strategy’s 2030 vision.
The initiatives included highlight activities of national importance
delivering substantial outcomes for the Australian public and the APS,
through significant innovation, large-scale reform, and service uplift
that support the Strategy’s missions. The Plan will be updated each year.

The Plan also includes metrics to track progress against the Strategy
and provide a transparent scorecard of progress towards the Strategy’s
vision of simple, secure and connected public services, for all people
and business, through world class data and digital capabilities.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

What success
looks like
• Government services are safe, inclusive, accessible and digital by design

• integrity and transparency in service delivery increase trust in the Government

• cyber secure government systems

• APS data and digital activities are underpinned by a commitment

to privacy, security and ethical use

• increased evidence-based policy and decision making

• greater value from public and private sector data

• greater usability and availability of government-held data

• increased intergovernmental collaboration

• interoperable architecture

• investments in data and digital technologies are effective, advance

digital capability and maturity, and are best value for money

• increased data and digital literacy, competency and professional

capability and capacity for a diverse and innovative APS workforce.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Missions
The Strategy describes 5 missions to realise the 2030 vision.
Government entities will align their individual strategies
to these missions, which are dependent on the 4 enablers
discussed later in this document.

Delivering for all

people and business

Simple and
seamless services

Government
for the future

Trusted
and secure

Data and digital

foundations

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Delivering for all people and business

By 2030, the Australian Government will use data and digital technologies to deliver
connected, accessible services which are centred around the needs of people and business.
Consultations on the initial Strategy demonstrated clear expectation for Government
to coordinate improvement to digital inclusion, accessibility and engagement with those
impacted by the digital divide. Stakeholders called for existing frameworks and standards
to better integrate ‘digital by design’ principles and for the Government to drive co-design
with the wider community.
The Government will continue to support connectivity, digital literacy and service design,
and data sharing to address the digital divide, especially for those living in regional and remote
communities, and further progress on the Government’s Closing the Gap commitments.
The Government will invest in and integrate the data it holds to improve decision making,
service delivery and performance assessment in a manner inclusive of all Australians.
It will collaborate with state and territory governments to break down the legislative,
cultural and technical barriers to cross-jurisdictional data sharing. It will partner domestically
and globally to strengthen and promote standards for better problem solving and outcomes.
By making data more accessible to people, businesses and academia, the Government
will enable greater innovation and effective work throughout Australia.

Embed co-design
The public expects the Government to be Significant progress has already been
proactive and co-design data and digital made through the Digital Service Standard
solutions that meet peoples’ and businesses’ to support a collaborative, human-centred
needs. The purpose of co-design is to discover design methodology. A recent review of
perspectives through collaboration and to include and update to the Digital Service Standard
user opinions in key decisions. By understanding underpins design that leaves nobody behind.
the needs of people and business impacted
by change, the Government will ensure that
digital services are designed to meet their
needs and support them to achieve their goals.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Embed inclusion
and accessibility
The Government will embed co-design in its As noted in Australia’s Disability Strategy
data collection, use and governance activities. 2021-2031, there are considerable benefits
Delivering a Framework for the Governance to a more inclusive Australia where everyone
of Indigenous Data will help formalise arrangements has the same opportunity to participate – both
for providing Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander socially and economically. Some individuals
people greater agency over how their data and community groups still have very limited
is governed within the APS, so government-held or no access to the internet or are excluded
data better reflects their priorities and aspirations. because of a lack of availability, affordability,
This and future work will support efforts to close poor design or digital ability. It is crucial
the gap, consistent with Priority Reforms 3 and 4 the Government delivers services in a way
of the National Agreement on Closing the Gap. that recognises these accessibility issues
and still meets the needs of their diverse users.

The Australian Government commits to: Through consultations, community and advocacy
groups, and those who they represent, expressed
• partnering with Aboriginal and Torres Strait
that they want the Government to deliver safe,
Islander people at all stages of the data
lifecycle to reflect their priorities about inclusive and accessible services which are intuitive
their communities and easy to use. The Government will ensure
everyone, whether they are living with disability,
• building towards organisational and cultural
live in remote and regional communities, are
change in the APS to support inclusion
of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander culturally or linguistically diverse, have limited digital
people in data governance ability, or otherwise, can access and engage with
the government services and programs they need.
• embedding co-design in the Government’s
data collection, use and governance activities.
To ensure all people can access
and benefit from its services,
the Australian Government commits to:
• providing omni-channel service delivery
to ensure digitally delivered services are
accessible over the phone or face to face
• ensuring all websites and services meet the
latest Web Content Accessibility Guidelines
• implementing the Digital Service Standard
to embed best-practice service design
and accessibility across the APS
• embracing new technologies and leveraging
data and insights to increase empathetic
service design (e.g., natural language processing
to enhance services for non-English speakers).

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Strengthen partnerships
Partnerships help build collective expertise, develop Several initiatives are already helping, or will
new ways of using data and digital technologies help, the Government to improve data sharing
and find solutions to problems facing society. partnerships, including the Intergovernmental
The Government is committed to building greater Agreement on Data Sharing, the Data Exchange
partnerships between the Government, private, and the National Disability Data Asset. Improved
research and community sectors. data sharing partnerships result in better
outcomes for people and business, from more
Engagements with community and advocacy groups,
targeted and intuitive services to policies informed
academia and industry highlighted the importance
by sound evidence. They also maximise the value
of strong partnerships to drive positive change
of government-held data and support our partners
and work together to co-design solutions
achieve their objectives more efficiently.
that meet the needs of all people and business.
The Government spends on average around
The Government will develop, strengthen
$70 billion each year on procurement activities,
and align the frameworks and tools needed
helping to driving economic, social and sustainability
to improve partnerships and promote
outcomes for Australia. This includes procuring
collaborative problem solving.
a significant range of data and digital products,
The Data and Digital Ministers Meeting (DDMM) services and support from industry – everything
is a cross-jurisdictional group working to drive from software and hardware, corporate systems,
cooperation on data and digital policies and services analytics tools and cloud services. This represents
across Australia, to ensure smarter service delivery an opportunity to partner with industry, through
and improved outcomes. The Government the Commonwealth Procurement Framework,
will continue its strong engagement with states to identify the best solutions to deliver government
and territories through the DDMM on national issues services. The Framework also helps the Government
like data sharing, delivering a seamless digital ID to take advantage of industry innovations, and seek
experience, improving digital inclusion, industry’s support to solve emerging problems,
and emerging technologies. through mechanisms like requests for information.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Maximise value from data

The Government's Buy Australian Plan is helping Data and analytics create value for all people
to maximise opportunities for Australian and business and help respond to the priority
businesses in major projects, create local jobs issues they face. Value is also created by sharing
including for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders, and re-using data, particularly government-held data.
and open the door to more government work The Productivity Commission’s inquiry on Data
for small and medium businesses by simplifying Availability and Use, identified barriers to sharing
procurement processes. and releasing data which limit the use and value
The Government already leverages industry of Australia’s data. The report recommended
innovations, and seeks industry’s support to solve moving from a risk-averse approach to one based
emerging problems, through initiatives like the on transparency and treating data as an asset.
Department of Industry, Science and Resources’ Progress has been made to overcome these
Business Research and Innovation Initiative (BRII). barriers, however significant opportunity remains
The BRII is a challenge-based innovation program to improve how the Government uses and shares
which supports startups and SMEs to undertake the vast amount of data it has access to and manages.
research and development on new-to-market Some data, including personal and sensitive
technologies in partnership with the APS to solve information, must be closely held and only shared
public policy and service delivery challenges. where necessary, appropriate and lawful. Meanwhile,
other data may be underused or siloed due to a lack
The Australian Government commits to: of awareness of its existence, a lack of access to the
right analytical tools or capabilities, or legislative
• working with the private sector to improve
and other barriers. The Government is removing
sourcing and sharing of private sector
these barriers to encourage greater data use
data to reduce duplication and generate
and sharing in ethical, secure and transparent
greater insights and serve the needs
of people and business ways to maximise its value, including through
the establishment of the Data Availability
• support more opportunities for small
and Transparency Act 2022 (DATA) Scheme.
to medium business and Australian
businesses to sell to Government Making data accessible to the right people
as part of the Buy Australian Plan. and optimising its use through integration, analytics
• a Charter of Partnerships and Engagement and broad capability uplift will be critical to achieving
to guide engagement with people the Strategy’s vision. Better use of government-held
and business, including by highlighting data will generate benefits through developing
co-design as a pillar of APS engagement, evidence-based policy, designing and administering
ensuring it remains a trusted partner. policies and programs, and performing more effective
The Charter builds on the APS Framework research and evaluation to assess the effectiveness
for Engagement and Participation
of the Government's programs and policies.
• continue strong engagement with state The Australian Centre for Evaluation will help
and territory governments through entities generate these benefits by integrating
the DDMM and Intergovernmental high-quality evaluation into all aspects
Agreement on Data Sharing.
of program and policy development.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

The Government has used integrated data to

The Australian Government commits to:
conduct research, inform decisions and design
services for years. Examples include the Business • collecting and analysing data to assess
Longitudinal Analysis Data Environment (BLADE), whether policies and services are achieving
and the Person Level Integrated Data Asset their intended purpose and are being
implemented in the best possible way
(PLIDA, formerly MADIP). In addition, the online
geospatial platform, Digital Atlas of Australia, • harnessing analytical tools and techniques
brings together national location-based data (including machine learning and artificial
to support place-based analytics and insights. intelligence) to predict service needs,
improve user experience, support
The National Disability Data Asset will be evidence-based decisions and gain
Australia’s most comprehensive disability efficiencies in agency operations
data asset, connecting existing de-identified • requiring all government entities
information from different government agencies. to make non-sensitive data open
This new way to connect information will allow by default in compliance with relevant
governments to improve programs and services laws and appropriate privacy, security
and better measure, track and report on outcomes and ethical controls for sharing sensitive data
for people with disability. The National Disability • developing the Australian National Data
Data Asset represents a step change in efforts Integration Infrastructure in collaboration
to establish a scalable platform for creating with the states and territories to support
high-value national data integration assets data sharing, integration and national
to support data analytics across a range of public linkage for the National Disability Data Asset
policy areas. The National Disability Data Asset • continuing to invest in new enabling
and its platform also highlights the importance technologies and streamlining governance
of partnering with states and territories and data sharing processes to allow greater
and the community to develop solutions to issues access to timely and accurate data
affecting the entire nation. Future partnerships • encouraging all entities to build
including those with industry, communities partnerships and share data across
and academia will be key to continuing to unlock the APS and with state and territory
the value of the data held by the government. governments, the private sector
and non-government organisations
Government-held data has value outside
• fostering a culture of data innovation.
the APS and entities already make some data
publicly available by default through platforms
such as data.gov.au. Making government-held
data more accessible to people and business
will help them achieve their own objectives,
be it in their local communities, in their
organisations or as individuals.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Simple and seamless services

By 2030, the APS will work as a single, unified enterprise. It will use technology,
data and analytics to deliver simple, accessible services for people and business.
Consultations on the initial Strategy highlighted the need for cross-jurisdictional
collaboration on data and digital transformation, improving peoples’ experience
of government. Stakeholders supported unified service delivery, such as ‘tell us once’
and life events, while state and territory governments called for stronger progress
on a national digital ID system.
The Australian Government will organise and tailor policies and public services
to individuals’ circumstances, on an opt-in basis, while the APS will use data
and analytics to predict when and where its services are needed.

Be digital by design
As use of digital technologies has grown over
The Australian Government commits to:
recent years, people and business expect more
from government. Public consultation highlighted • expanding the Government's Digital ID
the expectation that the Government's digital system to help keep Australians’
services engage people proactively and guide information safe when they
them to the services they might need. To meet are accessing services online
this expectation, the Government will embed • establishing the foundations to make
a digital by design approach. A nationally myGov the primary digital front door
consistent approach to Digital ID and identity for individuals, with a focus on new
resilience will also support voluntary, services, content and account
management in addition to scaling
secure, convenient and inclusive access
the adoption of existing capabilities.
to the Government's services online.

The Government’s design approach will adapt

to technological changes. Findings from
the Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme
highlight the need to be adaptive in the design
and use of digital systems, with greater oversight
of automated decision making and data-matching
programs. The Government will also focus
on the next generation of risk management
tools and guidance for emerging technologies.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Deploy scalable
and secure architecture
Parts of the Government’s data and digital Interoperable platforms and use of standards
ecosystem are constrained by outdated systems, unlock opportunities for easy data sharing,
bespoke technologies and architecture solutions integration, collaboration and reuse across
designed to solve common issues, rather the APS. They also ensure hardware and software
than address whole-of-government needs. can work together seamlessly. The Government
The Government will apply a considered is committed to common data and digital
and consistent approach to its digital standards and will continue establishing
landscape and support entities to align and growing international partnerships. It will
to the Government’s investment direction focus on adopting and leading implementation
and resolve legacy platform issues. of international standards to facilitate cross border
data flows that are safe, secure, lawful and ethical.
The Australian Government Architecture (AGA)
is supporting the Government’s digital
transformation by bringing together guidance The Australian Government commits to:
materials to help entities deliver capabilities
• ensuring technology is scalable, secure,
faster and in a way that is consistent,
resilient and interoperable, with new
interoperable, promotes reuse, reduces
systems and infrastructure that supports
risk and maximises value for money. data access and discoverability
For the Government’s digital ecosystem • adopting existing and developing new
to be truly flexible and resilient, systems data and digital standards to improve
and services must be aligned to agreed interoperability and encourage innovation.
foundational infrastructure. This includes
a consistent approach to adopting emerging
technologies. This will allow the Government
to be more adaptable and responsive to changing
priorities and support a national approach
to developing data assets.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Tell us once
Australians expect personalised, integrated The Government will strengthen its processes
and easy to use services from government. to enable informed consent when personal
When people need to advise the Government information is collected and provide strong
about changes to their personal circumstances, safeguards around storing, sharing and using
they often find the experience time consuming personal information held by the Government.
and repetitive. The Survey of Trust in Australian Once information is collected, the Government
Public Services 2022 found around two-thirds will apply strong and secure data sharing practices,
of people surveyed would often have to provide supported by the DATA Scheme, to reduce
the same information to different government the need to collect the same information multiple
services multiple times. The Government will times. The Government will support these data
strengthen its use of data and digital technologies sharing practices by connecting the Government's
and capabilities to enable a ‘tell us once’ digital platforms under the Digital Service Standard,
approach. Joining up information collected making it easy, secure and consistent for people
from stakeholders and making it available across and business to provide information once when
the APS and implementing a national Digital ID dealing with different parts of the Government.
system will reduce the administrative burden
people and business face when engaging with
different parts of the Government. Having key The Australian Government commits to:
milestones such as the birth of a child, captured • strengthening the use of data
on government services through life events and digital technologies and capabilities
mapping will allow the Government to work with to enable a ‘tell us once’ approach
partners across entities, jurisdictions and third for people and business
parties to better align government services • implementing a national Digital ID system
to an individual’s needs and circumstances. to enable identity verification across
government, state, and territory
and private sector services.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Government for the future

By 2030, the Australian Government will use data and digital technologies in innovative ways.
Consultations on the initial Strategy demonstrated support for improving service
delivery by using emerging technologies, in a safe and responsible manner. Stakeholders
recognised the need for the Government to explore new ways to invest in data
and digital technologies to achieve the Strategy’s vision.
The Government will take advantage of opportunities, respond to emerging
priorities and promote new funding models to deliver secure, ethical and modern
data and digital technologies.

Adopt emerging technologies

The rapid development of data and digital One example is the List of Critical Technologies
technologies creates significant opportunities in the National Interest, which outlines the technologies
to improve APS processes. They also create risks, that can impact Australia’s national interest. This list
and ethical and strategic challenges. Without supports entities to engage appropriately with critical
appropriate human oversight, reliance on technology technology fields, including AI, advanced ICT
can cause issues, and impact government policies and quantum technologies.
and services. The APS must monitor and actively
The Government will continue to use its procurement
manage opportunities, risks and impacts
profile (approximately $9 billion per annum) to better
of emerging technologies it chooses to use.
position entities to adopt critical and emerging
The Government will be transparent in how technologies whilst contributing to the broader digital
it explores and uses new technologies. It will economy and supporting the 2023 - 2030 Australian
also equip entities to safely engage with emerging Cyber Security Strategy. Investments in research and
data and digital technologies, such as artificial development will continue to support the growth of
intelligence, quantum computing and digital twins, government capability in critical technologies, ensuring
as part of their operations, including releasing they remain contemporary while boosting activity in
guidance for entities on government use the broader economy. Building APS data and digital
of generative AI platforms. The Government capability complements these efforts, including
will work closely with industry to develop digital work in areas such as skills, support for research and
solutions and leverage the best of industry development and targeted industry support programs.
innovation to solve common problems.
New technologies will be deployed in a safe The Australian Government commits to:
and responsible manner, supported by best
practice processes and advice functions. • developing whole-of-government policies
and frameworks to guide government
entities on how to safely engage with
emerging data and digital technologies

• fostering a culture of data and digital innovation.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Modernise investment
approaches This includes a focus on the achievement of value
Increasing the Government’s use of new for money as required by the Commonwealth
and emerging data and digital technologies Procurement Framework. Value for money
requires smart and sustainable investments. is not simply a consideration of price, it includes
consideration of quality, fit-for-purpose, a supplier’s
The Government will explore new data experience and performance, and environmental
and digital funding models and strengthen sustainability amongst other things. The Government’s
oversight and contestability during development Buy Australian Plan includes a commitment to boosting
and implementation. It will increase cross-agency the procurement and contracting capability of the APS
collaboration, assurance, benefits management, to better engage with industry, including Australian
prototyping and experimentation practices. businesses, and deliver value-for-money procurements.
This will enable phased delivery to provide
opportunities for new ideas and feedback BuyICT.gov.au provides a direct platform for industry
to inform project changes mid-flight. Allowing to showcase products and services, bid for projects
entities to explore interoperability with other APS and find government clients. It allows Government
platforms and adjustments and improvements entities and businesses to partner to develop innovative
to systems will minimise the impact of technical solutions to problems and help build industry capability.
debt and reduce the risk of technology becoming Better data and digital investments can also support
obsolete once operational. progress towards the Government’s Net Zero 2050 plan.
The Government is committed to finding new The Data Centre Panel will support the Government’s
ways to ensure decision makers have the right move towards net zero by strengthening the measures
information and advice when considering new for data centre providers to manage and reduce
data and digital investments for the APS. their greenhouse gas emissions.
The Government will strengthen data and digital
investment advice and governance in the APS, The Australian Government commits to:
including through the Digital and ICT Investment
• exploring new data and digital funding
Oversight Framework (IOF), to inform consideration
models to support the APS’s data
of investment proposals and assurance of projects. and digital transformation
The Government will use its data and digital • requiring all government entities to develop
investments to support its broad national and submit digital and ICT plans as part of
policy objectives and deliver better outcomes the IOF process, to further improve long-term
for people and business. strategic planning and investment outcomes.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Trusted and secure

By 2030, the Australian Government will partner with people and business to make decisions
and deliver services which are trusted, transparent and ethical, and support people’s choices
when engaging with public services. Robust privacy and security settings and a culture
of integrity and accountability will give people and business confidence their data is safe.
Through consultation on the initial Strategy, stakeholders recognised the importance
of the Government having the right frameworks, accountabilities, and culture in place
to support trust, privacy, and security. Community stakeholders were particularly
interested in the Government being more transparent about data collection and use,
and improving the ways people can give and withdraw consent. APS stakeholders
considered public trust the most important factor for the Strategy’s success and emphasised
the Government’s role in being an exemplar in data use and management.

Build and maintain trust

Digital services are increasingly the face of modern The Building Trust in the Public Record policy
government. When done well, they build public helps entities manage their information
trust in government. When they fail, frustrate, assets to better support, protect and serve
exclude people or put them or their information the community. The DATA Scheme delivers strong
at risk, that trust is eroded. This can also have arrangements to build trust and transparency
significant impacts on people’s safety and wellbeing. when sharing data. Commitment to the Open
The Government’s Survey of Trust in Australian Government Partnership will support new ways
Public Services provides transparency of people’s to engage with the Government and promote
experiences and interactions with the APS. accountability using data and digital technologies.
Survey results guide digital service delivery by The public expects personal information collected
identifying the types of services and interactions by the Government and other organisations
that work and the weak points in trust and customer to be kept safe and secure by appropriate
experience. The APS can use those results and enforceable protections. Privacy and cyber
to make changes to existing digital services security breaches damage trust that organisations,
and design new ones. including the APS, can adequately manage
People trust government to collect, manage and secure personal information.
and use their data well. Providing people
and businesses with more control over how
their data is used and being transparent
in how the Government uses the data it collects,
is critical to building and maintaining public trust.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

The Government has made significant By setting a best practice example, the Government
investments to safeguard the security and privacy can support public trust in emerging technologies
of government-held data. Cornerstones of this and their safe and responsible adoption
investment include the secure environment in the broader economy.
of data centres and associated infrastructure
that provide hosting services for entities.
The Australian Government commits
The Hosting Certification Framework helps
to improving and maintaining trust
entities identify and source hosting services in its use of data and digital
that meet enhanced privacy, sovereignty and technologies through:
security requirements, including by requiring
sensitive information to be stored within • adopting a whole-of-government
Data Ethics Framework
Australian borders. The Government is also
investing in the Notifiable Data Breaches • adopting robust and appropriate privacy
Scheme to ensure greater responsiveness, and security settings to keep peoples’
transparency and accountability when information safe
data breach incidents occur. • securing networks, systems and hardware

The 2023-2030 Australian Cyber Security Strategy, • engaging transparently and meaningfully
the appointment of a dedicated Minister for on government data collection and use
Cyber Security and the creation of a National • supporting the APS to embody best
Coordinator for Cyber Security, will further practice engagement by putting in place
improve Australia’s national resilience to cyber the right settings and infrastructure to build
threats as well as responses to cyber incidents. and maintain public trust, and embedding
The Online Safety Act 2021 strengthens and expands safety by design
existing laws for online safety, making internet • developing common data and metadata
service providers more accountable for the standards and data structures
safety of their users. • adopting AI technologies in safe,
ethical and responsible ways.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Modernise legislation
Australia’s legislation and regulations have A range of Commonwealth, state and territory
not always kept pace with data and digital laws combine to create a set of privacy rights
technologies and their uses. This is partly for Australians and obligations for those who hold
because legislative reform requires time personal information. The Privacy Act is the principal
and consideration and because data and digital Commonwealth legislation governing the protection
issues develop rapidly and are complex. They can of personal information. The Review of the Privacy Act
cross traditional legislative and jurisdictional released in 2023 prompted reforms to strengthen
boundaries, particularly as they relate to privacy. the act’s principles-based approach to protecting
The Government is committed to ensuring personal information. These reforms will help Australia
legislation is fit-for-purpose, can appropriately to line up with international data protection standards
protect the public from emerging cyber and other such as the European Union’s General Data
threats, and allow for the effective use of data Protection Regulation. The Government will
and digital technologies. The Government will also engage with the states and territories to
continue to review and update relevant legislation work towards harmonising key elements of
to respond appropriately to data and digital Commonwealth, state and territory privacy laws.
developments. Several recent reviews, including The DAT Act, establishes a new, best practice scheme
the Review of the Privacy Act 1988 (Privacy Act), for sharing Government data underpinned by strong
the Royal Commission into the Robodebt Scheme, safeguards and efficient processes, including in-built
the 2023 myGov User Audit and the Tune Review, process requiring periodic reviews, with the first review
have recommended potential reforms to laws scheduled to start in 2025. These reviews will support
related to privacy, data sharing, data security, the Government to ensure the DAT Act remains
digital ID and information management. fit-for-purpose and will provide opportunities
At the Commonwealth level, rules relating to use, to refine the DATA Scheme's scope and operation
sharing and management of information largely to best serve the public interest by promoting better
stem from the Archives Act 1983, the Freedom and simpler availability of government-held data.
of Information Act 1982, the Public Governance, The Government will also explore opportunities
Performance and Accountability Act 2013 (PGPA Act) and challenges of emerging data and digital
and, most recently, the Data Availability technologies, including artificial intelligence, through
and Transparency Act 2022 (the DAT Act). its legislative and regulatory frameworks to ensure
Government entities are also subject to a range Australians continue to have confidence in the
of legislation that govern their data collection, Government’s use of data and digital technologies.
use and sharing. The Government’s Protective
Security Policy Framework (PSPF) helps entities The Australian Government commits to:
protect their people, information and assets,
• responding to the recommendations of the
both at home and overseas. The PSPF is regularly
Review of the Privacy Act to strengthen the
reviewed with updated guidance for entities protection of Australians’ personal information
to meet their public data stewardship
• periodically reviewing the operation
responsibilities under the PGPA Act.
of the DAT Act to ensure the DAT Act
remains fit-for-purpose.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Connect data, digital

and cyber security
Data, digital and cyber security are closely intertwined. This Strategy aligns with the Cyber Security
The Government must foster a culture of privacy, Strategy by improving Australia’s digital
security, and proactive monitoring across the APS, inclusion, and ensuring all people have access
including for partners that operate within and access to the information and tools they need to stay
the Government's data and digital ecosystem. safe online and protect their private data.
Entities must collaborate and share information
The Government’s work to expand and legislate
and expertise to actively manage the privacy
the Digital ID system will help to improve cyber
and security of the ecosystem (including
enabled ID fraud and privacy protections, including
with industry partners) to support alignment
for people accessing government services online.
and consistency, reduce unnecessary duplication,
Digital ID protects Australians online, reduces
and protect the community from inappropriate
the amount of personal information Australians
access or use of their personal information.
need to share to access services and helps
The Australian Signals Directorate’s Annual Cyber businesses keep their customers’ data safe.
Threat reports acknowledge the increasingly
The Government is also improving cyber security
contested cyber environment and the need
and privacy protections by strengthening investigation
to build national cyber resilience. Monitoring
and enforcement actions under the Notifiable Data
and acting on security threats and challenges
Breaches Scheme, supporting the establishment
to protect the community requires collective
of the National Anti-Scam Centre, launching
cyber uplift effort from all entities.
the National Strategy for Identity Resilience
While focusing on improvements in the APS, and ongoing rollout of the Hosting Certification
the Government has an equally important role Framework and the PSPF.
to play in raising awareness about the need
for improved cyber security practices and habits
The Australian Government commits to:
in the community. ASD’s Australian Cyber Security
Centre provides advice and information to help • continuing to protect individual privacy
and maintain security of sensitive
people and business protect themselves online.
information when expanding data
ASD also works with business, government capability and sharing
and academic partners and experts in Australia
• incorporating secure-by-design
and overseas to investigate and develop solutions
principles in APS technological solutions
to cyber security threats.
• expanding the digital ID system
The 2023-2030 Australian Cyber Security Strategy and enshrining it in legislation
will help the Government achieve its vision to be to improve cyber enabled ID
a world leading cyber secure and resilient nation fraud and privacy protections.
by 2030. It will be accompanied by a Commonwealth
Cyber Security Uplift Plan which will drive a strategic
and pragmatic approach to enhancing collective
cyber resilience, building capabilities and lifting
cyber security to help Australian people
and business with cyber incidents.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Data and digital foundations

By 2030, the APS will adopt the right capabilities, practices, standards and culture
and make effective use of data and digital technologies to operate as a seamless
government. The APS will measure and track the data and digital maturity of entities
and the workforce, and use this information to drive continuous improvement.
Through consultation on the initial Strategy, stakeholders called for the Australian Government
to lead by example on transparency, management and governance of data and digital
systems. State and territory governments supported national systems and platforms
that can be used by all jurisdictions to deliver services. Stakeholders called for an uplift
of APS data and digital capabilities.

Manage data as a valuable

national asset
Data is one of the most valuable assets The Government will also develop
the Government holds and must a whole-of-government data governance
be managed like other high value assets. framework for consistent data management
The Government expects entities to establish across the APS.
and invest in appropriate mechanisms,
The DATA Scheme expands use of the
infrastructure and practices to support data
Government’s data, with eligible entities
curation, storage, protection and use. Treating
expected to participate as much as possible.
data as an asset will require entities to recognise
Participants and the public will be able
its value and importance to their operations,
to use the Australian Government Data
devote suitable resources to its collection,
Catalogue and Dataplace to learn what data
maintenance and use, and unlock its full potential,
is held, who holds it and how to access it.
including by making data-driven decisions.

The Government is continually improving

The Australian Government commits
how it manages its data, including building
that all government entities will:
the Australian Government Data Catalogue,
ensuring inventory completeness and compliance • appoint an appropriate senior leader to be
with agreed metadata standards, reusing responsible for the organisation’s data
existing infrastructure and capabilities, • educate their staff on the importance
and strengthening governance arrangements and appropriate use of data
with state and territory jurisdictions.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Build a data and digital-capable APS

Further investments in the capability of the APS
• adopt best practice data collection
are essential to achieving the Government’s
and use to create data assets that support
ambitions and commitments in this Strategy.
policy development and decision making;
for example, the use of gender-disaggregated The Government recognises the need for a variety
data collection and analysis to support of skills and capabilities to support the implementation
the Government’s gender equality priorities of data and digital technologies across the APS.
Leaders and champions need to build technical
• adopt an organisation specific plan for using
data, including identification of data assets, learning expertise but also foster and develop
to achieve their organisational objectives core soft skills such as communication, co-design
and embedding of inclusion and accessibility
• incorporate appropriate data management
to operate as a government of the future in line
and stewardship approaches, including
identifying roles with specific with the APS Reform agenda.
responsibilities for these functions Recent reviews, including the 2023 myGov User Audit,
• embed data standards into all data acknowledge the record high demand for digital
asset management functions, focusing capabilities. However, a highly competitive labour
on data quality: accuracy, completeness, market, a history of outsourcing and the size
auditability, consistency, and timeliness of the existing data and digital skills gap make
• embed infrastructure maintenance plans meeting this demand difficult. The APS Audit
into ICT schedules, to ensure the integrity of Employment will help the Government's efforts
and protection of data. to reduce reliance on a contingent workforce while
sourcing niche capabilities where appropriate.

The Government will continue to build and uplift

data and digital expertise of the APS leadership
and workforce to ensure the APS attracts, engages,
develops and retains people with the necessary skills.
To support this, the Government has established
the APS Data and Digital Professions to focus on
increasing workforce data and digital capabilities.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Grow APS maturity

Success will rely on improving the gender balance Data and digital maturity vary between entities,
in the APS data and digital workforce. In 2022, slowing the standardisation of platforms
only 41% of APS employees working in data and services, and the delivery of outcomes.
and digital job roles were women (Australian
A standardised approach to tracking maturity
Public Service Commission, December 2022).
delivers upon the intent of the Independent
Capability uplift driven under this Strategy will
Review of the Australian Public Service, to better
build on existing efforts to strengthen gender
monitor maturity and progress toward a digitally
representation in STEM through the Australian
enabled Australian Government by 2030.
Public Service Gender Equality Strategy 2021-26,
and Women in STEM Decadal Plan, and the The Government will develop maturity assessment
Pathway to Diversity in STEM Review. tools for entities to help them understand their
data and digital management and use practices,
identify capability gaps and better target investments.
To attract and retain people with the
right skills and remain adaptable and To help uplift APS maturity, the Office of the National
flexible in a data and digital age, the Data Commissioner is developing education and
Australian Government commits to: materials to support best practice data handling
and sharing under the DATA Scheme. The Australian
• uplifting APS capability to ensure staff Centre for Evaluation’s work to integrate high-quality
can effectively engage with data and digital
evaluation into all aspects of program and policy
technologies to produce useful insights,
development will support and build on efforts
advice and operate more productively
to grow APS data and digital maturity.
• increasing the gender diversity of those
working in digital and ICT roles in the APS
The Australian Government commits to:
• developing a whole-of-APS
Digital Workforce Plan • growing data and digital maturity of APS entities
• improving pathways for entities • developing tools to measure and report on the
to share technical expertise data maturity of entities and the APS as a whole.
• engaging with industry and global experts
to stay informed of the latest tools,
technologies and methodologies in data
and digital capability development
• ensuring further development
of data and digital skills.

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Enablers
The enablers are the building blocks underpinning the
Strategy’s success and are essential to achieving its vision.

People capability

Governance

Cyber security

Investment
Data and Digital Government Strategy

People capability Cyber security

The APS needs the right people, with the The Australian Government ensures the
right skills, at the right time, for the right safety and security of its operations to remain
job to achieve the Strategy’s vision. a trusted custodian of sensitive information.

The Australian Government recognises It will continue to maintain the safe, secure operation
the importance of building broad data of government systems and technology through
and digital literacy across the APS workforce. the effective implementation of the Information
Understanding how to embed data and digital Security Manual, Protective Security Policy
capabilities in all APS roles will be important Framework, the Essential Eight Mitigations,
for accelerating uptake and building expertise. and by increasingly adopting secure-by-design
It is also important to build data and digital and secure-by-default principles and tactics.
capabilities in leadership to foster a culture of
innovation and appropriate risk management. Investment
The Australian Government has made significant
Governance investments into the APS’s data and digital technologies
The Australian Government has strong and capabilities. That said, ongoing investment
mechanisms to coordinate efforts between is required to keep pace with evolving technologies
entities, such as the Secretaries’ Digital and the expectations of people and business.
and Data Committee, and partnerships The Government will use its advice and governance
with states and territories, such as the mechanisms, including the Digital and ICT Investment
Data and Digital Ministers Meeting. Oversight Framework (IOF) and the Australian
These and other governance mechanisms Government Architecture (AGA), to ensure data
will work to ensure data and digital investments and digital investment decisions are led by quality
alignment to the Strategy and its missions. investment principles and practices such as
strategic planning, contestability and assurance.

It will also work closely with state and territory

governments to drive more efficient investment
in cross-jurisdictional priorities, such as digital ID.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

APS data and digital landscape

Depicts the relationships between data, digital and cyber related whole-of-government
strategies and related policies, frameworks, standards and schemes.

APS Reform Agenda

APS 2023 - 2030

Workforce DATA AND DIGITAL Australian
Strategy Cyber Security
GOVERNMENT STRATEGY
2025 Strategy

Digital and ICT

Investment Oversight
Framework

Benefits Hosting
APS Digital
Management Certification
Workforce Plan
Policy Framework

Digital Information
DATA
Service Security 
Scheme
Standard Manual

Data Maturity Notifiable

Digital and IT
Assessment Data Breach
Reuse Policy
Tool Scheme

Australian Digital Sourcing Protective

Government Contract Limits Security Policy
Architecture and Reviews Policy Framework

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Glossary
Accredited Data Users: Commonwealth, state and territory government bodies, and Australian
universities who are accredited to obtain and use Australian Government data under the DATA Scheme.
Accredited Data Service Provider: an organisation or individual with technical expertise who
can offer complex data integration services and/or data sharing on behalf of a Data Custodian.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): an engineered system that generates predictive outputs such as content,
forecasts, recommendations or decisions for a given set of human-defined objectives or parameters
without explicit programming. AI systems are designed to operate with varying levels of automation.
Australian Government Architecture (AGA): a collection of digital artefacts and guidance materials
that can be used as a guide to inform its users on how to align to the digital direction of government.
Australian Public Service (APS): comprises entities that employ their staff under the Public Service Act 1999;
includes all departments of state and some other entities.
Automated Decision Making (ADM): An automated system that builds on or around an administrative
decision-making process.
Co-design: the active involvement of a diverse range of participants in exploring, developing and testing
responses to shared challenges. A simple way to understand co-design is to break it down into its parts.
The ‘co’ is typically considered an abbreviation for ‘cooperative’ or ‘collaborative’ design while ‘design’
draws on the discipline of industrial design.
Critical technologies: technologies that can impact Australia’s national interest, including
our economic prosperity, national security and social cohesion.
Data: any information in a form capable of being communicated, analysed or processed
(whether by an individual or by computer or other automated means).
Data analytics: describes processes or activities designed to obtain and evaluate data
to extract useful information.
Data asset: a structured collection of data developed for a purpose.
Data breach: when personal information is accessed or disclosed without authorisation or is lost.
Data integration: the process of combining data from two or more sources at the unit level
(e.g. person and/or business).
Data-matching: the process of bringing together data from different sources and comparing it.
Entities that carry out data-matching must comply with the Privacy Act 1988.
Data maturity: a measure of an organisation’s current data management capabilities and capacity.
DATA Scheme: a scheme for sharing Australian Government data, underpinned by strong
safeguards and consistent, efficient processes, and focused on increasing the availability
and use of Australian Government data to deliver government services, inform better
government policies and programs, and support world-leading research and development.
Digital by design: the principle by which digital technologies and data are used to rethink
and re-engineer public processes, simplify procedures and create new channels of communication
and engagement with public stakeholder.
Digital government: the use of digital technologies as an integrated part of governments’
modernisation strategies to create public value.

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Data and Digital Government Strategy

Digital ID: of an individual means a distinct electronic representation of the individual that enables
the individual to be sufficiently distinguished when interacting online with services.
Digital and ICT Investment Oversight Framework (IOF): a six-state, end-to-end framework providing
a way for the Government to manage digital investments across the entire project lifecycle.
Digital Service Standard: a set of best-practice principles for designing and delivering government services.
It helps digital teams to build services that are user-friendly, inclusive, adaptable, and measurable.
Entities: in accordance with section 10 of the PGPA Act and includes Australian Government departments
of state, bodies corporate and others.
Interoperability: the ability to transfer and use information in a uniform and efficient
manner across multiple organisations and information technology systems.
Legacy technology: an information system that may be based on outdated technologies
but is critical to day-to-day operations.
Life event: an event (planned or unplanned) in a person's life where they experience
a major change; for example, the birth of a child.
Machine learning: a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer science
which focuses on the use of data and algorithms to imitate the way humans learn.
Metadata: the information that defines and describes the data.
Omni-channel: the ability for users to switch service channels part way through a transaction.
Online services: a digital service that facilitates interactions between two or more distinct but interdependent
sets of users (whether firms or individuals) who interact through the service via the internet.
Open by Default: when organisations make government data and policy-making processes available
to the public, within the limits of existing legislation and in balance with national and public interest.
Personal information: information or an opinion about an identified individual, or an individual who
is reasonably identifiable:
• whether the information or opinion is true or not; and
• whether the information or opinion is recorded in a material form or not.
Request for information (RFI): is an approach to market to seek information from registered sellers.
This approach is used when requirements are not clear or well defined.
Sensitive data: personal information that includes information or an opinion about an individual’s:
• racial or ethnic origin • sexual orientation or practices
• political opinions or associations • criminal record
• religious or philosophical beliefs • health or genetic information
• trade union membership or associations • some aspects of biometric information.

Technical debt: is a broad term associated with the additional “owed” effort required to rework customised
solutions, normally delivered off pattern to meet deadlines, or where there have been significant delays
to maintenance of systems that are required to maintain stability and integrity.
Tell us once: allows members of the public, if they choose, to tell government quickly and easily about a change
in their details just once, saving time and expense for both them and the Government. This approach relies
on secure data sharing with relevant government entities to ensure individuals do not have to provide
the same information multiple times to different entities.
Value for money: the use of public resources in an efficient, effective, ethical and economical manner. Value
for money includes considering the financial and non-financial costs and benefits in the use of public resources.

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