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Intro Hydrology

The document provides an overview of hydrology, defining it as the science of water, its occurrences, circulation, and distribution on Earth. It discusses the importance of water for life, its various uses, and the historical development of hydrology through different periods. Additionally, it highlights the significance of engineering hydrology in managing water resources and its applications in areas such as irrigation, water supply, and flood control.

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judeepangilinan
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7 views18 pages

Intro Hydrology

The document provides an overview of hydrology, defining it as the science of water, its occurrences, circulation, and distribution on Earth. It discusses the importance of water for life, its various uses, and the historical development of hydrology through different periods. Additionally, it highlights the significance of engineering hydrology in managing water resources and its applications in areas such as irrigation, water supply, and flood control.

Uploaded by

judeepangilinan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HYDROLOGY

OBJECTIVES:
 At the end of the lesson, the students are
able to:
 Understand basic definitions and principles
of hydrology;
 Appreciate the importance of engineering
hydrology.
HYDROLOGY
 Science of water.
 It is the science that deals with the occurrences,
circulation and distribution of water of the
earth and the earth’s atmosphere, their physical
and chemical properties, and their reaction
with the environment, including their relation
to living things.
CLASSIFICATIONS
 Theoretical Hydrology - concept
 Physical Hydrology - processes
 Engineering or Applied Hydrology -
application
WHY WATER IS SO IMPORTANT?
 About 71% of earth surface is water.
 All organisms are made up mostly of water.
 Each of us need water to survive.
 Plays a key role in sculpturing earth’s
surface, moderating climate, and diluting
pollutants.
SUPPLY
RENEWAL
USES OF FRESH WATER
 Domestic
 Agricultural
 Industrial
WATER WITHDRAWAL AND WATER
CONSUMPTION
 Water withdrawal – water diverted or
withdrawn from a surface water or
groundwater source.
 Water consumption – water use that
permanently withdraws water from its
source; water no longer available.
HISTORY OF HYDROLOGY
 3000BC – groundwater development through wells was
known to people of the Indus Valley Civilization.
 Quotations in ancient Hindu scriptures indicate the
existence of knowledge of the hydrological cycle even as far
back as the Vedic period.
 300 BC – the first description of rain gauge and its use is
contained in the Arthashastra by Chanakya.
HISTORY OF HYDROLOGY
 505-587 AD – Varahamihira’s Brihatsamhita contains
descriptions of the rain gauge, wind vane, and prediction
procedures for rainfall.
 Egyptians knew the importance of the stage measurement
of rivers, and records of the stages of the Nile dating back
1800 BC have been located.
 1500 AD – the knowledge of the hydrologic cycle came to be
known to Europe.
HISTORY OF HYDROLOGY
 Period of speculation (-ancient to 1400AD)
 Period of observation (1400–1600AD)
 Period of measurements (1600-1700AD)
 Period of examination (1700-1800AD)
 Period of modernization (1800-1900AD)
 Period of empiricism (1900-1930AD)
 Period of rationalization (1930-1950AD)
 Period of theorization (1950-present)
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
 Geographical hydrology – establishment of hydraulic
cycle and concept of water balance
 Engineering hydrology – design of control structures
and quantitative analysis of hydrological phenomena
 Social development – water demand is more and large
scale of use of water resources is occurring.
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING
HYDROLOGY
 Deciding on the need to manage the water resources of
an area.
 Determination of the sources of water and the
available quantity/quality.
 Checking the completeness and consistency of the
data.
 Estimation of average rainfall over an area.
IMPORTANCE OF ENGINEERING
HYDROLOGY
 Estimation of flow in a stream due to rainfall in the
catchment area.
 Determining the storage capacity of a reservoir.
 Determining the safe limit for withdrawing water from
the groundwater.
 Identifying the kind of hydrological events could be
expected in an area and its probability of such
occurrences.
APPPLICATIONS IN ENGINEERING
 Irrigation
 Water supply
 Flood control
 Water power
 Navigation
ASSIGNMENT
Answer the following questions.
 Explain the various ways in which water is transferred
from/to groundwater.
 What are some possible effects of climate change on
the hydrologic cycle?
 What is meant by the statement that the hydrologic
cycle is in a stable state?
 Discuss the major activities in which hydrologic
studies are important.

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