Delhi Public School

Class IX
Worksheet
Equilibrium

1. In a reversible chemical reaction at equilibrium, if the concentration of any one of the reactants is doubled,
then the equilibrium constant will
a. also be doubled
b. be halved
c. remains the same
d. becomes one-fourth.

2. Among the following the weakest Bronsted base is

a. F–
b. Cl–
c. Br–
d. I–
3. The relationship between Kc and Kp is
Kp = Kc(RT)Δn

What would be the value of Δn for the reaction, NH4Cl (s) NH3 (g) + HCl (g)

a. 1 b. 0.5 c. 1.5 d. 2

4. When hydrochloric acid is added to cobalt nitrate solution at room temperature, the following reaction takes
place and the reaction mixture becomes blue. On cooling the mixture, it becomes pink. On the basis of this
information mark the correct answer.

a. ΔH > 0 for the reaction b. ΔH < 0 for the reaction

c. ΔH = 0 for the reaction d. The sign of ΔH cannot be predicted.

5. The reaction quotient Qc is used to

a. predict the direction of the reaction.

b. calculate the equilibrium concentraton

c. calculate the equilibrium constant.

d. predict the extent of a reaction on the basis of its magnitude.

6. Which of the following are electrolytes?

i. Sugar solution
ii. Sodium chloride
iii. Acetic acid
iv. Starch solution

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a. i and iv
b. ii and iii
c. ii and iv
d. I and iii

7. Acidity of BF3 can be explained on the basis of which of the following concepts? a. Arrhenius concept
b. Bronsted Lowry concept
c. Lewis concept
d. Bronsted Lowry as well as Lewis concept.

Questions 8 - 10 are Assertion Reason type questions

a. If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
b. If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion. c.
If Assertion is correct and Reason is wrong.
d. If Assertion is wrong and Reason is correct.

8. Assertion: An aqueous solution of ammonium acetate can act as a buffer. . Reason: Acetic
acid is a weak acid and NH4OH is a weak base.

9. Assertion: Increasing order of acidity of hydrogen halides is HF <HCl<HBr< HI

Reason: While comparing acids formed by the elements belonging to the same group of periodic
table, H–A bond strength is a more important factor in determining acidity of an acid than
the polar nature of the bond.

10. Assertion: The ionisation of H2S in water is low in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
Reason: Hydrogen sulphide is a weak acid.

2 Marks Questions

11. The ionization of hydrochloric in water is given below:

Label two conjugate acid-base pairs in this ionization.

12. [Co(H2O)6]2+ (aq) + 4Cl- (aq) [CoCl4]2- (aq) + 6H2O (l) H = +ve
(pink) (blue)

Predict the colour change in the above reaction in the following situations.
i. When [H2O] is removed –

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ii. When AgNO3 is added –
iii. When pressure is increased –
iv. When temperature is decreased -

13. State Law of chemical equilibrium and write an expression for Kc for the reaction.

4NO(g) + 6H2O(g) 4NH3(g) + 5O2(g)

3 Marks Questions

14. The values of Ksp of two sparingly soluble salts Sr(OH)2 and AuCN are 4.0 × 10–6 and 1 × 10–8
respectively. Which salt is more soluble? Explain.

15. Describe the effect on the equilibrium of the exothermic reaction:

a. addition of H2 b. increasing temperature c. Increasing pressure

16. Calculate the pH of:

a. 0.01 M HCl b. 1 M HNO3 c. 0.001M KOH

5 Marks Questions

17. a. What is a Buffer solution? Give an example.

b. Differentiate between Homogeneous and heterogeneous equilibria. Give examples
c. PCl5, PCl3 and Cl2 are at equilibrium at 550K and having concentration [PCl3]

= [Cl2] = 1.6 M and Kc = 2.0. Calculate [PCl5]

b. The value of Kc for the reaction 2A ⇌ B + C is 2×10−3 . At a given time, the composition of the
18. a. If pH of a solution is 7, calculate its pOH value.

reaction mixture is A = B = C = 3×10−4 M. In which direction the reaction will proceed?

c. The equilibrium constant for the reaction H2O + CO H2 + CO2 is 0.44 at 1260K. What will be the
value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction?
2H2 (g) + 2CO2 (g) 2CO(g) + 2H2O (g) at 1260 K

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CASE BASED QUESTIONS

Chemical equilibrium is the state in which both reactants and products are present in concentrations which have
no further tendency to change with time, so that there is no observable change in the properties of the system.
Le Châtelier's principle predicts the behaviour of an equilibrium system when changes to its reaction conditions
occur. Chemical equilibrium can be homogeneous or heterogeneous.
The type of equilibrium involving ions in aqueous solution is called ionic equilibrium.
Acids, bases and salts come under the category of electrolytes and may act as either strong or weak electrolytes.
The extent of dissociation of an acid depends on the strength and polarity of the H-A bond.

19. The correct increasing order of acidic character of the species is

a. HF < H2O = NH3 < CH4

b. CH4 = NH3 < H2O <HF
c. HF > H2O > NH3 > CH4
d. CH4 < NH3 < H2O < HF
20. The concentration of hydrogen ion in a sample of soft drink is 10–3 M. What is its pH?

a. -3

b. 3
c. -1
d. 10

21. The solubility of AgCl _____________ when NaCl is added to a saturated solution of AgCl.
a. decreases
b. increases
c. remains same
d. increases and then decreases

22. Predict the direction for the following equilibrium reaction in the given situation.

2HI (g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g) △H = -ve

Colourless purple

i. When [HI] is increased

ii.When p is decreased
iii. When temperature is increased
iv. When a catalyst is added.

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a. i – forward, ii – backward, iii – backward, iv – forward
b. i – backward, ii – backward, iii – backward, iv – No change
c. i – forward, ii – No change, iii – backward, iv – No change
d. i – forward, ii – forward, iii – backward, iv – No change
23. What generalisation can you make about the following reaction.

Kc > 5.4 × 1018

a. The products predominate over reactants

b. The reaction proceeds nearly to completion.
c. The high value of K is suggestive of a high concentration of products.
d. All of the above.

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Q.No: Answers Marks
1 c 1
2 d 1
3 d 1
4 a 1
5 a 1
6 b 1
7 c 1
8 d 1
9 a 1
10 b 1
11 2

12 i – blue , ii – pink , iii – No effect , iv – pink 2

13 At a given temperature, the product of concentrations of the reaction products 2
raised to the respective stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical
equation divided by the product of concentrations of the reactants raised to their
individual stoichiometric coefficients has a constant value. This is known as

the Equilibrium Law or Law of Chemical Equilibrium.

14 For Sr(OH)2, molar solubility, 4S3 = 4.0 × 10–6 3

S=1x
-2
10
For AuCN, molar solubility, S2 = 1 × 10–8

S = 1 x 10-4

Since molar solubility of Sr(OH)2 is greater than that of AuCN, Sr(OH)2 is

more soluble.
15 a. Equilibrium shifts to the right (Product side). 3

b. Equilibrium shifts to the left (Reactant side).

c. Equilibrium shifts to the right (Product side).

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16 pH = - log [H+] 3

a. -2

b. 0

c. 11
17 a. The solutions which resist change in pH on dilution or with the 1
addition of small amounts of acid or alkali are called Buffer Solutions.

Eg:- A mixture of acetic acid and sodium acetate, A mixture of ammonium

chloride and ammonium hydroxide etc

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b. In a homogeneous system, all the reactants and products are in the
same phase.

Equilibrium in a system having more than one phase is called heterogeneous

equilibrium.

c. [PCl5] = [PCl3][Cl2] 2
Kc

= 1.6 x 1.6
2

= 1.28 M

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18 a. pH + pOH = 14 pH = 7 given then pOH = 14 -7 = 7. 1

b. Qc=[B][C]/[A]2
2
Qc – 1
This suggests that Qc is greater than Kc so the reaction will proceed in
reverse reaction.

c. The reaction is reversed and also doubled

19 d 1
20 b 1
21 a 1
22 c 1
23 d 1