Quiz #2: Research Design

Name: _____________________________________________________________________ Score:

__________________
Instructions: Answer the following questions based on the chapter on Research Design. The
test contains 20 objective-type questions with moderate to difficult difficulty levels. Circle the
letter of your choice.
1. Identify the variable purposely changed or manipulated in an experiment.
a. Constant
b. Independent Variable
c. Dependent Variable
d. Extraneous Variable
2. What is the term for factors in an experiment that are kept the same for all groups or trials?
a. Variables
b. Constants
c. Controls
d. Samples
3. Which group in an experiment does not receive the change of the independent variable?
a. Control Group
b. Experimental Group
c. Trial Group
d. Random Group
4. What is the purpose of a hypothesis in an experiment?
a. To control extraneous variables
b. To make predictions about experimental outcomes
c. To measure the dependent variable
d. To classify data
5. Identify the variable that changes in response to the independent variable.
a. Control Variable
b. Extraneous Variable
c. Dependent Variable
d. Constant
6. Compare qualitative and quantitative data. Which of the following is qualitative?
a. Weight of an object in kilograms
b. Temperature in Celsius
c. Odor described as 'pungent'
d. Length in millimeters
7. Why is replication important in experimental design?
a. It reduces measurement error and variations.
b. It ensures the hypothesis is correct.
c. It eliminates the need for a control group.
d. It increases the number of independent variables.
8. Which type of sampling involves observing one group for a set time?
a. Scan Sampling
b. Sequence Sampling
c. Random Sampling
d. Focal Sampling
9. Analyze the following hypothesis: 'If the length of study time is related to test scores, then
longer study times will result in higher scores.' What is the dependent variable?
a. Study Time
b. Test Scores
c. Students
d. Test Duration
10. What could happen if extraneous variables are not controlled in an experiment?
a. They improve the reliability of results.
b. They introduce error and affect the dependent variable.
c. They eliminate the need for constants.
d. They ensure results are statistically significant.
11. How can you differentiate between constants and controls in an experiment?
a. Controls change throughout the experiment; constants do not.
b. Controls are compared to experimental groups; constants are kept unchanged.
c. Constants vary in quantity; controls remain consistent.
d. Both are manipulated by the researcher.
12. Identify a factor that must remain constant in a plant growth experiment with varying light
intensities.
a. Soil Type
b. Light Intensity
c. Growth Rate
d. Plant Height
13. Which of the following best describes the relationship between hypothesis and
experimental design?
a. The hypothesis predicts the outcome based on background research.
b. Experimental design eliminates the need for a hypothesis.
c. Hypothesis is irrelevant in quantitative studies.
d. Hypothesis determines statistical analysis techniques.
14. Evaluate why qualitative observations might be useful alongside quantitative data in an
experiment.
a. They are easier to measure.
b. They provide context to numerical findings.
c. They eliminate the need for constants.
d. They replace the need for control groups.
15. How can trial replication improve experimental reliability?
a. By reducing the need for constants
b. By minimizing the effect of random errors
c. By altering the hypothesis
d. By increasing the number of dependent variables
16. What is the purpose of grouping data into experimental and control groups?
a. To identify constants
b. To compare the effect of the independent variable
c. To analyze statistical results
d. To measure qualitative data
17. Which term refers to data that describe characteristics such as texture or color?
a. Qualitative Data
b. Quantitative Data
c. Inference Data
d. Experimental Data
18. In an experiment to test plant-based insect repellents, what is the independent variable?
a. Number of insect bites
b. Different brands of repellents
c. Length of time repellents last
d. Size of insect bites
19. Compare the role of constants with that of extraneous variables.
a. Both are deliberately manipulated by the researcher.
b. Constants ensure consistency, while extraneous variables must be minimized.
 c. Extraneous variables are essential for reliability; constants introduce error.
d. Both influence the dependent variable equally.
20. How does the careful selection of experimental groups impact an experiment?
a. It reduces the need for replication.
b. It ensures meaningful variation in results.
c. It eliminates the need for background research.
d. It guarantees the hypothesis is supported.
 Quiz #2: Research Design

Name: _________________________________________________________________________________
Score: __________________
Instructions: Answer the following questions based on the chapter on Research Design. The
test contains 20 objective-type questions with moderate to difficult difficulty levels. Circle the
letter of your choice.

1. What is the main purpose of having a 7. Why is it important to conduct

control group in an experiment? background research before starting
a. To ensure all variables are an experiment?
changed a. To replace the need for replication
b. To serve as a basis for comparison b. To determine relevant variables
c. To eliminate constants and methods
d. To increase experimental error c. To develop constants and
extraneous variables
2. Which variable is also known as the d. To avoid forming a hypothesis
"responding variable"?
a. Independent Variable 8. Which sampling technique involves
b. Dependent Variable recording observations at specific
c. Control Variable time intervals?
d. Extraneous Variable a. Focal Sampling
b. Sequence Sampling
3. The term "constants" refers to which c. Scan Sampling
aspect of an experiment? d. Random Sampling
a. Variables being tested
b. Factors that remain unchanged 9. What is the purpose of replication in
c. Groups with manipulated variables an experiment?
d. Numerical data collected a. To manipulate the independent
variable
4. What is an extraneous variable? b. To confirm reliability by reducing
a. A constant factor random errors
b. An independent variable c. To avoid the need for constants
c. An unintended factor that may d. To eliminate extraneous variables
affect results
d. A variable that responds to 10.Analyze this hypothesis: "If sunlight
manipulation duration affects plant height, then
plants exposed to more sunlight will
5. A good hypothesis must be: grow taller." What is the independent
a. Broad and open-ended variable?
b. Testable and specific a. Plant Height
c. Based solely on qualitative data b. Type of Plant
d. Free of any independent variables c. Sunlight Duration
d. Soil Quality
6. Which of the following describes a
key difference between qualitative 11.Which of the following is an example
and quantitative data? of a dependent variable?
a. Quantitative data describe a. The number of leaves on a plant
behaviors; qualitative data measure b. The type of fertilizer used
units. c. The temperature of the
b. Qualitative data are numerical; greenhouse
quantitative data are descriptive. d. The size of the flower pots
c. Qualitative data describe
characteristics; quantitative data use 12.What role does a hypothesis play in
numbers. STEM-based research?
d. Both are forms of measurable a. It eliminates the need for a control
numerical data. group.
b. It connects the independent and
 dependent variables. c. The independent variable
c. It ensures all extraneous variables influences results, while constants
are removed. have no impact.
d. It serves as a list of constants. d. Both remain unchanged
throughout the experiment.
13.Identify one qualitative observation
from a chemical reaction: 19.How does carefully selecting
a. 2.5 grams of precipitate experimental groups improve an
b. A yellow-colored precipitate experiment?
formed a. It ensures meaningful variation in
c. Temperature change from 25°C to results.
30°C b. It eliminates the need for
d. Volume increased by 3 milliliters replication.
14.Which is an example of a constant in c. It reduces the importance of
an experiment? constants.
a. Changing light intensity for plants d. It guarantees results will match
b. Measuring growth in different soils the hypothesis.
c. Using the same water source for
all groups 20.What is a major risk of failing to
d. Comparing plants of different account for extraneous variables?
species a. Results may be invalid or
misleading.
15.What is the primary purpose of b. The hypothesis becomes
having experimental groups in untestable.
research? c. The control group loses its
a. To serve as a backup for the relevance.
control group d. Constants cannot be maintained.
b. To test the independent variable’s
effect
c. To eliminate errors from constants
d. To determine qualitative data only

16.Why might a researcher include

qualitative data alongside
quantitative data?
a. To replace numerical
measurements
b. To describe changes not easily
quantified
c. To avoid replication of trials
d. To simplify statistical analysis

17.Which aspect of an experiment

ensures that results are directly
related to the independent variable?
a. Presence of extraneous variables
b. Use of multiple dependent
variables
c. Control of constants and
extraneous variables
d. Random sampling of data

18.Compare the relationship between

constants and the independent
variable.
a. Both are deliberately manipulated
by the researcher.
b. Constants ensure consistency,
while the independent variable is
changed.