‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬

‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬

‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬ ‫‪۱‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪:‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬ ‫‪۱.۱‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪∂U ∂U ∂ 2 U ∂ 2 U ∂ 2 U‬‬
‫‪F (x, y, z, t, ..., U,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪,‬‬ ‫‪, ...) = 0‬‬
‫‪∂x ∂y ∂x2 ∂y 2 ∂x∂y‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ U (x, y) .‬ﻳﺎ )‪U (x, y, z‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫‪۲.۱‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪ ، y‬ﻛﻪ ‪ y‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ )‪ y(x‬ﻫﺴﺘﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﻡ ﻛﻠﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬
‫‪f (x, y, y ′′ , y ′′′ , ..., y (n) ) = 0‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ ۱.۱‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ )‪ (x, y, z, t‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪∂U (x, t‬‬ ‫‪∂U‬‬
‫→ )‪ex : U (x, t‬‬ ‫‪=4‬‬ ‫‪=0‬‬
‫‪∂x‬‬ ‫‪∂t‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ P DE ۲.۱‬ﺭﺍ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﻴﻢ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ P DE‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻏﻴﺮ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﺍﺯ ‪ U‬ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ‪ -‬ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻲ ‪ U‬ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ -‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺿﺮﺏ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ‪ U‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ‬
‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬ ‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪∂U‬‬
‫‪ex :‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﻲ‬ ‫=‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻲ ‪+ ex‬‬
‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x‬‬ ‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x‬‬
‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬ ‫‪∂U‬‬
‫‪ex :‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪× U,‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ‬
‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x‬‬ ‫‪∂x‬‬ ‫‪∂y‬‬ ‫‪∂x‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬

‫) ‪∀x1 , x2 , ..., xn , ∀c1 , c2 , ..., cn ∈ R → f (c1 x1 + c2 x2 + ... + cn xn ) = c1 f (x1 ) + ... + cn f (xn‬‬

‫→ ) ‪f (x) = x : f (c1 x1 + c2 x2 ) = c1 x1 + c2 x2 = c1 f (x1 ) + c2 f (x2‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻲ‬
‫→ ) ‪f (x) = x : f (c1 x1 + c2 x2 ) = (c1 x1 + c2 x2 )2 ̸= c1 f (x1 ) + c2 f (x2‬‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﺧﻄﻲ → ‪f (x) = sin x‬‬

‫‪۱‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ P DE ۳.۱‬ﺭﺍ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﮔﻮﻳﻴﻢ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪ U‬ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻼ‬
‫‪∂2U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+ sin(U ).‬‬
‫‪∂tx2‬‬ ‫‪∂x2‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ P DE ۴.۱‬ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﮔﻮﻳﻴﻢ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ‪ U‬ﻭ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪∂U‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪+ ex .‬‬
‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ ۵.۱‬ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ‪ P DE‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ U ۶.۱‬ﺭﺍ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻳﻚ ‪ P DE‬ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ‪ R‬ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺍﻭﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻓﻀﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ex :‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪U (x, t) = e−π t sin(πx‬‬
‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x2‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪= −π 2 e−π t sin(πx‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪∂t‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ ∂U = πe−π2 t cos(πx‬‬ ‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬
‫‪∂x‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫=‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ ∂2U‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪= −π 2 e−π t sin(πx‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪∂x‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ‪ ۷.۱‬ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻮﺍﺏﻫﺎ‪ :‬ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ U1 , U2 , ..., Un‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ‪ P DE‬ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ P DE‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺧﻄﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ U = c1 U1 + c2 U2 + ... + cn Un‬ﻧﻴﺰ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪۱‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ → ‪Uxx = Uyy = 0‬‬

‫‪U1 (x, y) = x2 − y 2 Uxx = 2, Uyy = −2‬‬
‫) ‪U2 (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2‬‬
‫‪U3 (x, y) = ex cos y‬‬
‫‪U4 (x, y) = sin cosh y‬‬
‫‪..‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪U1 + U2 , U2 + 4U4 + U3 , ...‬‬

‫ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ‪ ۲‬ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫‪۳.۱‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﻡ ﻛﻠﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ‪ ۲‬ﺧﻄﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫‪aUxx + bUxy + cUyy + dUx + eUy + f U = g‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ( ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ ← ∆(x, y) > 0‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ‪ g‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻱ )‪ (x, y‬ﻫﺬﻟﻮﻟﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ) .‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ(‬
‫ﺏ( ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ ← ∆(x, y) = 0‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ‪ g‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻱ )‪ (x, y‬ﺳﻬﻤﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ) .‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ(‬
‫ﺝ( ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ ← ∆(x, y) < 0‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ‪ g‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻱ )‪ (x, y‬ﺑﻴﻀﻮﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪→ Utt = Uxx‬‬

‫‪Utt − Uxx = 0‬‬
‫ﻫﺬﻟﻮﻟﻮﻱ → ‪a = 1 b = 0 c = −1 ∆ = 4 > 0‬‬

‫‪→ Ut = Uxx‬‬
‫‪Uxx − Ut = 0‬‬
‫‪a=1 b=0 c=0‬‬ ‫ﺳﻬﻤﻮﻱ → ‪∆ = 0‬‬

‫‪→ Uxx = Utt‬‬

‫‪a=1 b=0 c=1‬‬ ‫ﺑﻴﻀﻮﻱ → ‪∆ = −4 < 0‬‬

‫‪۳‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪۴.۱‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ‪:ODE‬‬

‫‪ex : y ′ (x) = 0 → y(x) = c ∈ R‬‬

‫‪: y(1) = 2‬‬
‫‪y(x) = c → 2 = y(1) = c‬‬
‫‪→ y(x) = 2‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ex : y ′′ (x) = 0 → y(x) = ax + b a, b ∈ R‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪y(0) = 1 → 1 = a × 0 + b → b = 1‬‬
‫‪→ y(x) = x + 1‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪y(1) = 2 → 2 = a × 1 + 1 → a = 1‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪۵.۱‬‬

‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪U (x, t) =? a ≤ x ≤ b‬‬ ‫‪,t ≥ 0‬‬
‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x2‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ )‪ U (x, 0) = f (x‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ U (a, t) = p(t‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬
‫→ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻜﻠﻪ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ U (b, t) = q(t‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ Ux (a, t) = p(t‬‬
‫→ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ Ux (b, t) = q(t‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ‫‪۶.۱‬‬

‫‪∂2U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪a≤x≤b‬‬ ‫‪,0 ≤ t ≤ T‬‬
‫‪∂t2‬‬ ‫‪∂x2‬‬

‫‪۴‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ U (a, t) = p(t‬‬
‫→ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻜﻠﻪ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ U (b, t) = q(t‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ Ux (a, t) = p(t‬‬
‫→ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ Ux (b, t) = q(t‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ U (x, 0) = f (t‬‬
‫→ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪ Ut (x, 0) = g(t‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪۷.۱‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺧﻄﻲ‬
‫‪′‬‬
‫)‪y (x) + p(x)y(x) = g(x‬‬

‫)ﻫﻤﮕﻦ(‬
‫∫‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪p(x)dx‬‬
‫‪g(x) = 0 → y(x) = ce‬‬
‫∫‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫∫ ‪p(x)dx‬‬ ‫∫‬
‫‪g(x) ̸= 0 → y(x) = −e‬‬ ‫]‪[ (g(x)e p(x)dx )dx + c‬‬

‫‪ex :y ′ − y = x‬‬ ‫‪p(x) = −1‬‬ ‫‪g(x) = x‬‬

‫∫‬
‫‪y(x) = ce−‬‬ ‫‪−dx‬‬
‫‪= cex‬‬
‫‪ex :y ′ − y = x‬‬‫‪p(x) = −1 g(x) = x‬‬
‫∫‬
‫∫‬ ‫∫‬
‫∫‬
‫]‪y(x) = ce− −dx [ (xe −dx )dx + c] = ex [ xe−x dx + c‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫‪ay ′′ (x) + by ′ (x) + cy(x) = 0‬‬
‫ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ‪ar2 + br + c = 0 → r1 , r2‬‬

‫‪۵‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫‪ -۱‬ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ r1 , r2‬ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﺰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬

‫‪y(x) = c1 er1 x + c2 er2 x‬‬

‫ﻳﺎ‬
‫‪y(x) = c1 cosh r1 x + c2 sinh r2 x‬‬

‫‪ -۲‬ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ r1 = r2 = r‬ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫‪y(x) = c1 erx + c2 xerx‬‬

‫‪ -۳‬ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ r1 , r2‬ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ‪ r2 = α − iβ, r1 = α + iβ‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫)‪y(x) = eαx (c1 cos βx + c2 sin βx‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ‬ ‫‪۸.۱‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻜﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬
‫=‬ ‫?= )‪0 ≤ x ≤ L, t ≥ 0 U (x, t‬‬
‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x2‬‬
‫)‪U (x, 0) = f (x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (0, t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (L, t) = 0‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫)‪U (x, t) = F (x) G(t‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫)‪Ut = F (x)G′ (t‬‬

‫)‪Uxx = F ′′ (x)G(t‬‬
‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬
‫=‬ ‫)‪→ F (x)G′ (t) = F ′′ (x)G(t‬‬
‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪∂x2‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ )‪ U (x, t) = F (X)G(t‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫→ )‪F (x)G′ (t) = F ′′ (x)G(t‬‬

‫)‪G′ (t‬‬ ‫)‪F ′′ (x‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪=k∈R‬‬
‫)‪G(t‬‬ ‫)‪F (x‬‬

‫‪۶‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ :‬ﺩﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ ODE‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪ ′‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪G (t‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪=k‬‬ ‫)‪G′ (t) − kG(t) = 0 (1‬‬
‫)‪G(t‬‬ ‫→‬
‫‪′′‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪F (x‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪F ′′ (x) − kF (x) = 0 (2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪=k‬‬
‫)‪F (x‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ )‪ (۲‬ﺭﺍ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪F ′′ (x) − kF (x) = 0‬‬

‫ﻍ ﻕ ﻕ ‪0 = U (0, t) = F (0)G(t) → F (0) = 0 G(t) = 0‬‬

‫‪U = 0, U (x, t) = F (x)G(t) → U (x, t) = 0‬‬
‫ﻍ ﻕ ﻕ ‪0 = U (L, t) = F (L)G(t) → F (L) = 0 G(t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F ′′ (x) − kF (x) = 0 0 ≤ x ≤ L‬‬
‫→‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F (0) = 0, F (L) = 0‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ k‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‪k = 0 :‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F ′′ (x) = 0 0 ≤ x ≤ L‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F (0) = 0,‬‬ ‫‪F (L) = 0‬‬

‫‪F ′′ (x) = 0 → F (x) = ax + b‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪0 = a × 0 + b → b = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪0 = a × L + 0 → aL = 0 → a = 0 L = 0 → a = 0‬‬

‫‪→ F (x) = 0‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ k = 0‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‪µ2 = k > 0 :‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪F ′′ (x) − µ2 F (x) = 0 0 ≤ x ≤ L‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F (0) = 0,‬‬ ‫‪F (L) = 0‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ‪ ۲‬ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪ : r2 − µ2 = 0 → r1 = µ, r2 = −µ‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬

‫‪۷‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫‪ : F (x) = c1 eµx + c2 e−µx F (x) = c1 cosh µx + c2 sinh µx‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫∗ ‪0 = c1 eµ×0 + c2 e−µ×0 = c1 + c2 → c2 = −c1‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪0 = c1 eµL + c2 e−µL → c1 eµL − c1 e−µL = 0 → c1 (eµL − e−µL ) = 0 → 2c1 sinh µL = 0‬‬

‫‪→ c1 = 0 or‬‬ ‫‪sinh µL = 0 → µL = 0 → µ = 0 or L = 0‬‬

‫ﭘﺲ‬
‫‪c2 = −c1 = 0 → F (x) = 0‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ‪−µ2 = k < 0 :‬‬

‫‪ ′′‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪F (x) − µ2 F (x) = 0 0 ≤ x ≤ L‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪F (0) = 0,‬‬ ‫‪F (L) = 0‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ‪ ۲‬ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬

‫)‪ : r2 + µ2 = 0 → r = ±iµ, = α ± iβ (α = 0, β = µ‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬

‫‪: F (x) = eαx (c1 cos βx + c2 sin βx) = c1 cos µx + c2 sin µx‬‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫∗ ‪0 = c1 cos 0 + c2 sin 0 → c1 = 0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪c2 = 0‬‬
‫→‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪0 = c1 cos µL + c2 sin µL → c2 sin µL = 0‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪sin µL = 0 → µL = nx → µn = nπ‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻱ ‪ n‬ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ µ ،‬ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺲ ‪ n‬ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ‪k = −µ2n = −( )2‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫)‪Fn (x) = c2n sin(µn x‬‬ ‫‪n = 1, 2, 3, ...‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﺍﺩ ﺣﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫‪nπ 2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪G′ (t) − kG(t) = 0‬‬ ‫(‪k = −‬‬ ‫) ‪) = −λ2n (λ2n = ( )2‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪→ G′n (t) + λn Gn (t) = 0‬‬
‫‪Gn (t) = c1 e−λn t‬‬

‫‪۸‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺍﺑﻊ )‪ Gn (t), Fn (t‬ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ )‪ U (x, t‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫(‪U (x, t) = F (x)G(t) → Un (x, t) = c2n sin‬‬ ‫‪x) × c1n e−λn t → Un (x, t) = bn sin( x)e−λn t‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻫﺎ‬
‫∑‬
‫∞‬ ‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪U (x, t‬‬ ‫= )‪Un (x, t‬‬ ‫(‪bn e−λn t sin‬‬ ‫)‪x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬ ‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻱ ‪ :bn‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬

‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪f (x) = U (x, 0‬‬ ‫(‪bn sin‬‬ ‫)‪x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= ‪bn‬‬ ‫(‪f (x) sin‬‬ ‫‪x)dx‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻜﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬
‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪U (x, t‬‬ ‫(‪bn e−λn t sin‬‬ ‫)‪x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫∫‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= ‪bn‬‬ ‫(‪f (x) sin‬‬ ‫‪x)dx‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ‬ ‫‪۹.۱‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻜﻠﻪ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
‫‪∂2U‬‬ ‫‪∂2U‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫?= )‪= c2 2 0 ≤ x ≤ L, 0 ≤ t, c ∈ R U (x, t‬‬
‫‪∂t‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪∂x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪U (x, 0) = f (x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪Ut (x, 0) = g(x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (0, t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (L, t) = 0‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪:‬‬

‫)‪U (x, t) = F (x)G(t‬‬

‫‪۹‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫)‪Utt = F (x)G′′ (t‬‬

‫)‪Uxx = F ′′ (x)G(t‬‬
‫‪: Utt = c2 Uxx → F (x)G′′ (t) = F ′′ (x)G(t)c2‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ :‬ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﻩ ﺑﻪ )‪ U (x, t‬ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫)‪F (x)G′′ (t‬‬ ‫‪F ′′ (x)G(t) 2‬‬
‫=‬ ‫→ ‪c‬‬
‫)‪F (x)G(t‬‬ ‫)‪F (x)G(t‬‬
‫)‪G′′ (t‬‬ ‫)‪F ′′ (x‬‬
‫‪= c2‬‬ ‫)‪= k ∈ R (k = 0, k > 0, k < 0‬‬
‫)‪G(t‬‬ ‫)‪F (x‬‬
‫‪ ODE‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‬ ‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ‪ :‬ﺩﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ‬
‫‪ ′′‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪G (t‬‬
‫‪ 2‬‬ ‫)‪= k → G′′ (t) − c2 kG(t) = 0 (1‬‬
‫)‪c G(t‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪F ′′ (x‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪= k → F ′′ (x) − kF (x) = 0 (2‬‬
‫)‪F (x‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ )‪ (۲‬ﺭﺍ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪F ′′ (x) − kF (x) = 0‬‬

‫‪0 = U (0, t) = F (0)G(t) → F (0) = 0‬‬
‫‪0 = U (L, t) = F (L)G(t) → F (L) = 0‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ‪ k‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪→F ′′ (x) − kF (x) = 0‬‬

‫‪F (0) = 0, F (L) = 0‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ k = 0 :‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F ′′ (x) = 0 0 ≤ x ≤ L‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F (0) = 0, F (L) = 0‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ‪µ2 = k > 0 :‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪F ′′ (x) − µ2 F (x) = 0 0 ≤ x ≤ L‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F (0) = 0, F (L) = 0‬‬

‫‪۱۰‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫‪ : r2 − µ2 = 0 → r1 = µ, r2 = −µ‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
‫‪ : F (x) = c1 eµx + c2 e−µx‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫)ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺪﻳﻬﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪→ F (x) = 0 (.‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ‪−µ2 = k < 0 :‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪F ′′ (x) + µ2 F (x) = 0 0 ≤ x ≤ L‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪F (0) = 0, F (L) = 0‬‬

‫‪ : r2 + µ2 = 0 → r = ±iµ‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬
‫‪ : F (x) = c1 cos µx + c2 sin µx‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= ‪→ Fn (x) = c2n sin µn x, µn‬‬ ‫‪n = 1, 2, ...‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺷﺸﻢ‪ :‬ﺣﺎﻻ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ )‪ (۱‬ﺭﺍ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪G′′ (x) − c2 kG(t) = 0 t ≥ 0‬‬
‫‪2 2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪k = −µ2 = − n π‬‬
‫‪n‬‬
‫‪L2‬‬
‫‪n2 π 2‬‬ ‫‪cnπ‬‬
‫‪→ G′′n (t) + c2‬‬ ‫‪Gn (t) = 0‬‬ ‫= ‪→ λn‬‬
‫‪L2‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪G′′n (t) + λ2n Gn (t) = 0‬‬
‫ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ‪۲‬‬

‫‪ : r2 + λ2n = 0 → r = ±iλn‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ‬

‫)‪ : Gn (t) = a1n cos(λn t) + a2n sin(λn t‬ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﻲ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﻫﻔﺘﻢ‪ Gn (t), Fn (t) :‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ )‪ U (x, t‬ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫(‪U (x, t) = Fn (t)Gn (t) → Un (x, t) = crn sin‬‬ ‫))‪x) × a1n cos(λn t) + a2n sin(λn t‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﻫﺸﺘﻢ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﺎﻳﺶ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫∑‬
‫∞‬ ‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫= )‪U (x, t‬‬ ‫= )‪Un (x, t‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬ ‫‪n=1‬‬
‫∑‬‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪U (x, t‬‬ ‫(‪(bn cos(λn t) + an sin(λn t)) sin‬‬ ‫)‪x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫‪۱۱‬‬
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬:‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲ ‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

: an , bn ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻱ‬
∑
∞
nπ
(۱) ‫ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬f (x) = U (x, 0) = bn sin( x)
n=1
L
∫ L
2 nπ
‫ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬bn = f (x) sin(
x)dx
L 0 L
∑∞
nπ
(۲) ‫ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‬g(x) = Ut (x, 0) = λn an sin( x)
n=1
L

t ‫ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ‬U ‫ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ‬Ut = −λn bn sin(λn t) + λn an cos(λn t)

∫
2 L nπ
‫ ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬λn an = g(x) sin( x)dx
L 0 L
∫ L
2 nπ
→ an = g(x) sin( x)dx
Lλn 0 L
∫ L
2 nπ
→ an = g(x) sin( x)dx
cnπ 0 L
:‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
∑
∞
nπ
U (x, t) = (bn cos(λn t) + an sin(λn t)) sin( x)
n=1
L
∫
2 L nπ
bn = f (x) sin( x)dx
L 0 L
∫ L
2 nπ
an = g(x) sin( x)dx
cnπ 0 L

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺩﺍﻻﻣﺒﺮ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ‬ ۱۰.۱

‫ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ‬an ‫ ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ‬Ut (x, 0) = g(x) = 0 ‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬
∑
∞
nπ
U (x, t) = bn cos(λn t) sin( x)
n=1
L
∑
∞
cnπ nπ
U (x, t) = bn cos( t) sin( x)
n=1
L L
1 ∑∞
nπ nπ
U (x, t) = bn [sin (x − ct) + sin (x + ct)]
2 n=1 L L
1∑
∞
nπ 1 nπ
U (x, t) = bn sin (x − ct) + sin (x + ct)
2 n=1 L 2 L
1 1
U (x, t) = f (x − ct) + f (x + ct)
2 2

۱۲
 ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫‪1‬‬
‫])‪U (x, t) = [f (x − ct) + f (x + ct‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪← g(x) = 0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪∫ x+ct‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪U (x, t) = [f (x − ct) + f (x + ct)] +‬‬ ‫‪g(s)ds‬‬ ‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪← g(x) ̸= 0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2c x−ct‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ‪ ۱.۱‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻜﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﻂ ‪ sin‬ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ‪ ۲.۱‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﻂ ‪ cos‬ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ‬ ‫‪۲‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺒﺤﺚ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻥﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺗﻌﻤﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻨﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ‪:‬‬ ‫‪۱.۲‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‬
‫)‪Utt = c2 Uxx + H(x‬‬ ‫?= )‪U (x, t‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪U (x, 0) = f (x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪Ut (x, 0) = g(x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (0, t) = A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (L, t) = B‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺣﻞ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﭼﻮﻥ‬

‫)‪U (x, t) = F (x)G(t‬‬
‫)‪F (x)G′′ (t‬‬ ‫‪F ′′ (x)G(t) 2‬‬ ‫)‪H(x‬‬ ‫)‪G′′ (t‬‬ ‫‪F ′′ (x) 2‬‬ ‫)‪H(x‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪c +‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪c +‬‬ ‫‪̸= k ∈ R‬‬
‫)‪F (x)G(t‬‬ ‫)‪F (x)G(t‬‬ ‫)‪F (x)G(t‬‬ ‫)‪G(t‬‬ ‫)‪F (x‬‬ ‫)‪F (x)G(t‬‬
‫ﻫﺪﻑ‪ :‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬
‫)‪U (x, t) = V (x, t) + w(x‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬

‫‪Utt = Vtt + 0,‬‬ ‫)‪Uxx = Vxx + w′′ (x‬‬
‫)‪Utt = c2 Vxx + c2 w′′ (x) + H(x‬‬

‫‪۱۳‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‬
‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪c2 w′′ (x) + H(x) = 0,‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫= )‪w′′ (x‬‬ ‫)‪H(x‬‬
‫‪c2‬‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺩﻳﻔﺮﺍﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻁ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﺮﺩ‬

‫)‪U (x, t) = V (x, t) + w(x‬‬

‫)‪A = U (0, t) = V (0, t) + w(0) → w(0) = A (1‬‬

‫)‪B = U (L, t) = V (L, t) + w(L) → w(L) = B (2‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ‪ w‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪−1‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪w′′ (x) = 2 H(x‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ w(0) = A,‬‬ ‫‪w(L) = B.‬‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻲ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬

‫)‪U (x, t) = V (x, t) + w(x‬‬

‫)‪f (x) = U (x, 0) = V (x, 0) + w(x) → V (x, 0) = f (x) − w(x‬‬

‫)‪g(x) = Ut (x, 0) = Vt (x, 0) + 0 → Vt (x, 0) = g(x‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‬

‫‪Vtt = c2 Vxx ,‬‬ ‫‪0 < x < L,‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪V (0, t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪V (L, t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪V (x, 0) = f (x) − w(x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪Vt (x, 0) = g(x‬‬

‫‪۱۴‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻱ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﻢ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Utt = c2 Uxx + H(x),‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪0 < x < L,‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪U (x, 0) = f (x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪Ut (x, 0) = g(x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪U (0, t) = A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (L, t) = B‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪w‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪w′′ (x) = − 2 H(x) 0 ≤ x ≤ L‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪c‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪w(0) = A‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪w(L) = B‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ‪ :‬ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺣﻞ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Vtt = c2 Vxx‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪V (x, 0) = f (x) − w(x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪Vt (x, 0) = g(x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪V (0, t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪V (L, t) = 0‬‬

‫‪-‬ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺳﻮﻡ‪ w :‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ‪ V‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ‪ U‬ﺑﺪﺳﺖ‬
‫ﻣﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬
‫)‪U (x, t) = V (x, t) + w(x‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺁﻥ‬ ‫‪۲.۲‬‬

‫ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻠﻲ‬
‫)‪y ′′ (x) + λ2 y(x) = f (x‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫∫‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪y(x) = a cosλx + b sin λx +‬‬ ‫‪f (s) sin λ(x − s)ds‬‬
‫‪λ‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪۱۵‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻨﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ ) ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ(‬ ‫‪۳.۲‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‬

‫?= )‪Utt − c2 Uxx = h(x, t) 0 ≤ x ≤ L, t ≥ 0 U (x, t‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪U (x, 0) = f (x‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (0, t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪Ut (x, 0) = g(x) U (L, t) = 0‬‬

‫ﭼﻮﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺴﻂ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﭼﻮﻥ ‪ U‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ x, t‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ t‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪U (x, t‬‬ ‫‪Un (t) sin‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪n=0‬‬
‫‪L‬‬

‫ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ )‪ Un (t‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﺑﺴﻂ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ )‪ h(x, t‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪h(x, t‬‬ ‫‪hn (t) sin‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪hn (t‬‬ ‫(‪h(x, t) sin‬‬ ‫‪x)dx‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‬
‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫‪n2 π 2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= ‪: Utt‬‬ ‫‪Un′′ (t) sin( x),‬‬ ‫‪Uxx = −‬‬ ‫(‪Un (t) sin‬‬ ‫)‪x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L2‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫∑‬‫∞‬
‫‪c 2 n2 π 2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫∑‬‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪Utt − c2 Uxx‬‬ ‫→ )‪= h(x, t‬‬ ‫‪Un′′ (t) sin( x) +‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫)‪(t‬‬ ‫(‪sin‬‬ ‫)‪x‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫)‪hn (t) sin( x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫‪cnπ‬‬ ‫∑‬‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫∑‬‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= ‪λn‬‬ ‫→‬ ‫= )‪(Un′′ (t) + λ2n Un (t)) sin( x‬‬ ‫)‪hn (t) sin( x‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫‪cnπ‬‬
‫= ‪→ Un′′ (t) + λ2n Un (t) = hn (t), λn‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫‪∫ t‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪→ Un (t) = c1n cos λn t + bn sin λn t +‬‬ ‫‪hn (s) sin λn (t − s)ds‬‬
‫‪λn 0‬‬
‫∑‬‫∞‬ ‫∑‬‫∞‬ ‫‪∫ t‬‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪U (x, t‬‬ ‫= )‪Un (t) sin( x‬‬ ‫‪[an cos λn t + bn sin λn t +‬‬ ‫)‪hn (s) sin λn (t − s)ds] sin( x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪λn 0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫‪۱۶‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ‪ an , bn‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ‪.‬‬

‫∑‬
‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪f (x) = U (x, 0‬‬ ‫‪an sin‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= ‪an‬‬ ‫‪f (x) sin‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫∑‬‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪g(x) = Ut (x, 0‬‬ ‫‪bn λn sin‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪n=1‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪∫ L‬‬
‫‪2 L‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= ‪bn λ n‬‬ ‫‪g(x) sin‬‬ ‫= ‪x → bn‬‬ ‫‪g(x) sin‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪L 0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪Lλn 0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻨﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ )ﻛﻠﻲ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ(‬ ‫‪۴.۲‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻲﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬

‫?= )‪Utt − c2 Uxx = h(x, t) 0 ≤ x ≤ L, t ≥ 0 U (x, t‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪U (x, 0) = f (x‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪U (0, t) = p(t‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪Ut (x, 0) = g(x‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫)‪U (L, t) = q(t‬‬

‫ﻫﺪﻑ‪ :‬ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻨﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪:‬‬

‫)‪U (x, t) = V (x, t) + w(x, t‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺬﺍﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‬

‫‪Utt = Vtt + wtt ,‬‬ ‫‪Uxx = Vxx + wxx‬‬

‫)‪→ Vtt + wtt − c2 Vxx − c2 wxx = h(x, t‬‬
‫‪Vtt − c2 Vxx = h(x, t) − wtt + c2 wxx‬‬

‫ﻓﺮﺽ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ‪ ، wxx‬ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺣﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬

‫)‪p(t) = U (0, t) = V (0, t) + w(0, t) → w(0, t) = p(t‬‬

‫)‪q(t) = U (L, t) = V (L, t) + w(L, t) → w(0, t) = q(t‬‬

‫‪۱۷‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫‪wxx (x, t) = 0‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪w(0, t) = p(t‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪w(L, t) = q(t‬‬

‫)‪q(t) − p(t‬‬
‫‪w(x, t) = p(t) +‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻱ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ‪: V‬‬

‫)‪f (x) = U (x, 0) = V (x, 0) + w(x, 0) → V (x, 0) = f (x) − w(x, 0‬‬

‫)‪g(x) = Ut (x, 0) = Vt (x, 0) + wt (x, 0) → Vt (x, 0) = g(x) − wt (x, 0‬‬

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﮕﻨﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﻧﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪→ Vtt − c2 Vxx = h(x, t) − wtt‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪V (x, 0) = f (x) − w(x, 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫)‪Vt (x, 0) = g(x) − wt (x, 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪V (0, t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪V (L, t) = 0‬‬

‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﻱ ﻗﺒﻞ‪:‬‬

‫)‪q(t) − p(t‬‬
‫‪w(x, t) = p(t) +‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫)‪→ U (x, t) = V (x, t) + w(x, t‬‬

‫‪ ۵.۲‬ﺣﻞ ‪ P DE‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺒﻼ ﺩﻳﺪﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ‬
‫� ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫∫‬
‫∑‪2‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪Fs (n‬‬ ‫‪f (x) sin( x)dx,‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪Fs (n) sin‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L n=1‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫� ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫∫‬
‫∑‪2‬‬
‫‪L‬‬ ‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪Fc (n‬‬ ‫(‪f (x) cos‬‬ ‫‪x)dx,‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪Fc (n) cos‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪L n=1‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬

‫‪۱۸‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫� ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫∫‬ ‫∞‬ ‫∫‬ ‫∞‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫= )‪Fs (w‬‬ ‫‪f (x) sin wxdw,‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪Fs (w) sin wxdw‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫� ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫∫‬ ‫∞‬ ‫∫‬ ‫∞‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫= )‪Fc (w‬‬ ‫‪f (x) cos wxdw,‬‬ ‫= )‪f (x‬‬ ‫‪Fc (w) cos wxdw‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ ۲‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪Ut = Uxx 0 < x < 4‬‬ ‫‪t≥0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (0, t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪U (4, t) = 0‬‬

‫‪U (x, 0) = 2x‬‬

‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺮﺍﻥ ‪ x‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ x‬ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ x‬ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﻳﺎ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻜﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻁ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﻧﻴﻮﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﭘﺲ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻛﺴﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ‪ sin x‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ 0‬ﺗﺎ ‪ L‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪L‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫∫‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪Ut sin‬‬ ‫= ‪xdx‬‬ ‫‪Uxx sin‬‬ ‫‪xdx‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫∫‬
‫‪∂U‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪d 4‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪× sin‬‬ ‫= ‪xdx‬‬ ‫‪U (x, t) sin‬‬ ‫‪xdx‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪∂t‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪dt 0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪Uxx sin‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫∫‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪nπ nπ 4‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪nπ 4‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪Uxx sin‬‬ ‫‪xx|x=0 −‬‬
‫‪x=4‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪Ux cos‬‬ ‫‪xdx = −‬‬ ‫‪Ux cos‬‬ ‫‪xdx‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4 0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4 0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫∫‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪nπ x=2 nπ 4‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪n2 π 2 4‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪−‬‬ ‫‪[U cos‬‬ ‫‪x|x=0 +‬‬ ‫‪U sin‬‬ ‫‪dx] = −‬‬ ‫‪U sin‬‬ ‫‪xdx‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪4 0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪16 0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪n2 π 2‬‬ ‫‪d‬‬ ‫‪n2 π 2‬‬
‫‪→ Fs (U ) = −‬‬ ‫‪Fs (U ) → Fs (U ) +‬‬ ‫‪Fs (U ) = 0‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬
‫‪n2 π 2 t‬‬
‫‪: Fs (U ) = ce−‬‬ ‫‪16‬‬

‫‪۱۹‬‬
‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ‪ c‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ‪:‬‬

‫‪Fs (U (x, 0)) = c‬‬

‫‪∫ 4‬‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫) ‪32(1 − (−1)n‬‬
‫= )‪Fs (2x‬‬ ‫‪2x sin‬‬ ‫= ‪xdx‬‬ ‫‪=c‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪32(1 − (−1)n ) − n2 π2‬‬
‫= ) ‪→ Fs (U‬‬ ‫‪e 16‬‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫∑‪2‬‬
‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪U (x, t‬‬ ‫‪Fs (U (x, t)) sin‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪4 n=0‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪1 ∑ 32(1 − (−1)n ) − n2 π2 t‬‬
‫∞‬
‫‪nπ‬‬
‫= )‪→ U (x, t‬‬ ‫‪e 16 sin‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪2 n=1‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ ۳‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬

‫‪Utt = Uxx 0 < x < π‬‬ ‫‪t≥0‬‬

‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (x, 0) = sin x‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪Ut (x, 0) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (0, t) = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪U (π, t) = 0‬‬

‫‪U (x, 0) = 2x‬‬

‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪ sin‬ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ ‪ ۰‬ﺗﺎ ‪ L‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ‪x‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫∫‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫‪nπ‬‬ ‫‪nπ‬‬
‫‪Utt sin‬‬ ‫= ‪xdx‬‬ ‫‪Uxx sin‬‬ ‫‪xdx‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪L‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪π‬‬ ‫∫‬
‫‪∂2U‬‬ ‫‪d2 π‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪× sin nxdx = 2‬‬ ‫‪U (x, t) sin nxxdx‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪∂t2‬‬ ‫‪dt 0‬‬

‫‪۲۰‬‬
 ‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ‪۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲‬‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ‪ U‬ﺑﺮﺳﻴﻢ‪.‬‬

‫∫‬ ‫‪π‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫‪Uxx sin nxdx‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫∫‬ ‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪∫ π‬‬
‫‪Ux sin nx|x=π‬‬
‫‪x=0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪Ux cos nxdx = −n‬‬ ‫‪Ux cos nxdx‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∫ π‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∫ π‬‬
‫‪− n[U cos nx|x=π‬‬
‫‪x=0‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪n‬‬ ‫‪U‬‬ ‫‪sin‬‬ ‫]‪nxdx‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪−n‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪U sin nxdx‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪d2‬‬ ‫‪d2‬‬
‫‪→ 2 Fs (U (x, t)) = −n2 Fs (U (x, t)) → 2 Fs (U (x, t)) + n2 Fs (U (x, t)) = 0‬‬
‫‪dt‬‬ ‫‪dt‬‬
‫‪: r2 − n2 = 0 → r = ±in‬‬
‫‪: Fs (U (x, t)) = c1 cos nt + c2 sin nt‬‬

‫‪Fs (U (x, 0)) = c1‬‬

‫‪∫ π‬‬
‫= )‪Fs (sin x‬‬ ‫= ‪sin x sin nxdx‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫∫‬ ‫‪∫ 1 − cos 2x‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬

‫‪n = 1 → π sin2 x = π‬‬ ‫= ‪dx‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Fs (Ut (x, 0)) = c2 n‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫∫‬
‫‪n ̸= 1 → 1 π (cos(n − 1)x − cos(n + 1)x)dx = 0‬‬
‫‪2 0‬‬
‫‪Fs (0) = 0 = c1 n → c2 = 0‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪ π cos t n = 1‬‬
‫‪→ Fs (U (x, t)) = 2‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪0 n ̸= 1‬‬

‫∑‪2‬‬
‫‪n̸=1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪2 π‬‬
‫= )‪U (x, t‬‬ ‫‪Fs (U (x, t)) sin nx = Fs (U (x, t)) sin x = × cos t × sin nx‬‬
‫‪π n=0‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪π‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ‬

‫‪ 0 < x < ∞ (۱‬ﻧﻮﻉ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﺯﻱ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻱ ﺑﺎﺯﻩ )‪ (0‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻳﻌﻨﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺪ‬
‫)‪ U (0, t‬ﭼﻮﻥ ﺩﻳﺮﻳﻜﻠﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬
‫‪ ) −∞ < x < ∞ (۲‬ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ(‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ ۴‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪۲۱‬‬
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬:‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲ ‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

‫ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﻧﺎﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻴﻨﻮﺳﻲ‬

Ut = 4Uxx + te−x 0 < x < ∞ t > 0

U (0, t) = 0
lim U (x, t) = lim Ut (x, t)
x→∞ x→∞

U (x, 0) = e−x

.‫ ﺗﺎ ∞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‬۰ ‫ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ‬sin wx ‫ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

∫ ∞ ∫ ∞ ∫ ∞
Ut sin wxdx = 4 Uxx sin wxdx + te−x sin wxdx
∫
0
∞
0
∫ 0
∂U d ∞
: sin wxdx = U (x, t) sin wxdx
0 ∂t dt 0
.‫ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﻢ‬U ‫ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺟﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ‬
∫ ∞
Uxx sin wxdx
0
∫ ∞∫ ∞

x=0 − w
= Ux sin wx|x=∞ Ux cos wxdx = −w Ux cos wxdx
0
∫ ∞ 0
∫ ∞
= −w(U cos wx|x=∞
x=0 + w U sin wxdx = −w 2
U sin wxdx
∫ ∞ ∫ ∞ 0 0
w
te−x sin wxdx = t e−x sin wxdx = t
0 0 1 + w2

d w
→ Fs (U (x, t)) = −4w2 Fs (U (x, t)) + t
dt 1+w
d w
→ Fs (U (x, t)) + 4w2 Fs (U (x, t)) = t
dt w ∫
∫ ∫
‫ → ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻱ‬y + p(x)y = q(x) → y(x) = e
′ − p(x)dx
[ e p(x)dx
qdx + c]
∫
2 2t w
: Fs (U (x, t)) = e−4w t [ e4w tdt + c]
1+w
2
2 w e4w t (4tw2 − 1)
e−4w t [ + c]
1 + w2 16w4
−w w w w 1
Fs (U (x, t)) = 2 2
+c→c= 2
+ 4 2
= 2
(1 + )
16w (1 + w ) 1+w 16w (1 + w ) 1+w 16w4
2 2
e−4w t w e4w t (4tw2 − 1) 1
Fs (U (x, t)) = 2
( 4
+1+ 4
)∗
∫
1 + w 16w 16w
2 ∞
U (x, t) = Fs (U (x, t)) sin wxdw
π 0

۲۲
‫ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺱﺯﺍﺩﻩ‬:‫ﻣﺪﺭﺱ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺕ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
۱۴۰۱-۱۴۰۲ ‫ﺗﺮﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺭﻳﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬

.‫ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻓﻮﺭﻳﻪ ﺣﻞ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ‬۵ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‬

Ut = 4Uxx −∞<x<∞ t≥0

U (x, 0) = e−|x|
lim U (x, t) = lim Ux (x, t) = 0
x→±∞ x→±∞

U (x, 0) = e−x

∫ ∞
F (w) = f (x)e−iwx dx
−∞
∫ ∞
1
f (x) = F (w)eiwx dw
2π −∞

.‫ ﺗﺎ ∞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﮕﺮﺍﻝ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ‬−∞ ‫ ﺿﺮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻱ‬e−iwx ‫ﻃﺮﻓﻴﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬

∫ ∞ ∫ ∞
−iwx
Ut e dx = 4 Uxx e−iwx dx+
−∞ −∞
∫ ∞ ∫
∂U −iwx d ∞
: e dx = U (x, t)e−iwx dx
−∞ ∂t dt 0

.‫ ﺑﺮﺳﻴﻢ‬U ‫ﺁﻧﻘﺪﺭ ﺟﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ‬

∫ ∞
Uxx e−iwx dx
−∞
∫ ∞ ∫ ∞
= Ux e−iwx |x=∞
x=−∞ + iw Ux e−iwx dx = iw Ux e−iwx dx
−∞ −∞
∫ ∞ ∫ ∞
= iw(U e−iwx |x=∞
x=−∞ + iw Ue −iwx
dx = −w 2
U e−iwx dx
−∞ −∞

‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﻱ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻱ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻫﻤﮕﻦ‬

d d
→ F (U (x, t) = −w2 F (U (x, t)) → F (U (x, t)) + w2 F (U (x, t)) = 0
dt dt
2
F (U (x, t)) = ce−4w t
∫ ∞ ∫ ∞
−|x| −|x| −iwx
F (e ) = e e dx = e−|x| (cos(wx) − i sin(wx))dx
−∞ −∞
∫ ∞ ∫ ∞
−|x| 2
=2 e cos wxdx = 2 e−x cos wxdx = =c
0 0 1 + w2
2 2
→ F (U (x, t) = 2
e−4w t
∫ ∞
1+w ∫
1 1 ∞ 1 2
: f (x) = iwx
F (U (x, t))e dw = 2
e−4w t eiwx dw
2π −∞ π −∞ 1 + w

۲۳