The New Atlantis by Francis Bacon

1626
from GreatVoyages-OregonStateUniversity Website

WE sailed from Peru, where we had continued by the space of one whole year, for China and Japan, by
the South Sea, taking with us victuals for twelve months; and had good winds from the east, though soft
and weak, for five months' space and more. But then the wind came about, and settled in the west for
many days, so as we could make little or no way, and were sometimes in purpose to turn back. But then
again there arose strong and great winds from the south, with a point east; which carried us up, for all
that we could do, toward the north: by which time our victuals failed us, though we had made good spare
of them.

So that finding ourselves, in the midst of the greatest wilderness of waters in the world, without victual,
we gave ourselves for lost men, and prepared for death. Yet we did lift up our hearts and voices to God
above, who showeth His wonders in the deep; beseeching Him of His mercy that as in the beginning He
discovered the face of the deep, and brought forth dry land, so He would now discover land to us, that
we might not perish.

And it came to pass that the next day about evening we saw within a kenning before us, toward the
north, as it were thick clouds, which did put us in some hope of land, knowing how that part of the South
Sea was utterly unknown, and might have islands or continents that hitherto were not come to light.
Wherefore we bent our course thither, where we saw the appearance of land, all that night; and in the
dawning of next day we might plainly discern that it was a land flat to our sight, and full of boscage,
which made it show the more dark.

And after an hour and a half's sailing, we entered into a good haven, being the port of a fair city. Not
great, indeed, but well built, and that gave a pleasant view from the sea. And we thinking every minute
long till we were on land, came close to the shore and offered to land. But straightway we saw divers of
the people, with batons in their hands, as it were forbidding us to land: yet without any cries or fierce-
ness, but only as warning us off, by signs that they made.

Whereupon being not a little discomfited, we were advising with ourselves what we should do. During
which time there made forth to us a small boat, with about eight persons in it, whereof one of them had
in his hand a tipstaff of a yellow cane, tipped at both ends with blue, who made aboard our ship, without
any show of distrust at all. And when he saw one of our number present himself somewhat afore the
rest, he drew forth a little scroll of parchment (somewhat yellower than our parchment, and shining like
the leaves of writing- tables, but otherwise soft and flexible), and delivered it to our foremost man. In
which scroll were written in ancient He- brew, and in ancient Greek, and in good Latin of the school, and
in Spanish these words:
"Land ye not, none of you, and provide to be gone from this coast within sixteen days, except you have
further time given you; meanwhile, if you want fresh water, or victual, or help for your sick, or that your
ship needeth repair, write down your wants, and you shall have that which belongeth to mercy."
This scroll was signed with a stamp of cherubim's wings, not spread, but hanging down- ward; and by
them a cross.

This being delivered, the officer returned, and left only a servant with us to receive our answer.
Consulting hereupon among ourselves, we were much perplexed. The denial of landing, and hasty
warning us away, troubled us much: on the other side, to find that the people had languages, and were
so full of humanity, did comfort us not a little. And above all, the sign of the cross to that instrument was
to us a great rejoicing, and as it were a certain presage of good. Our answer was in the Spanish tongue,
"That for our ship, it was well; for we had rather met with calms and contrary winds, than any tempests.
For our sick, they were many, and in very ill case; so that if they were not permitted to land, they ran in
danger of their lives."
Our other wants we set down in particular, adding,
"That we had some little store of merchandise, which if it pleased them to deal for, it might supply our
wants, without being chargeable unto them."
We offered some reward in pistolets unto the servant, and a piece of crimson velvet to be presented to
the officer; but the servant took them not, nor would scarce look upon them; and so left us, and went
back in another little boat which was sent for him.

About three hours after we had dispatched our answer, there came toward us a person (as it seemed) of
a place. He had on him a gown with wide sleeves, of a kind of water chamolet, of an excellent azure
color, far more glossy than ours; his under-apparel was green, and so was his hat, being in the form of a
turban, daintily made, and not so huge as the Turkish turbans; and the locks of his hair came down
below the brims of it. A reverend man was he to behold.

He came in a boat, gilt in some part of it, with four persons more only in that boat; and was followed by
another boat, wherein were some twenty. When he was come within a flight-shot of our ship, signs were
made to us that we should send forth some to meet him upon the water, which we presently did in our
ship-boat, sending the principal man amongst us save one, and four of our number with him. When we
were come within six yards of their boat, they called to us to stay, and not to approach farther, which we
did.

And thereupon the man, whom I before described, stood up, and with a loud voice in Spanish asked,
"Are ye Christians?" We answered, "We were;" fearing the less, because of the cross we had seen in
the subscription. At which answer the said person lift up his right hand toward heaven, and drew it softly
to his mouth (which is the gesture they use, when they thank God), and then said:
"If ye will swear, all of you, by the merits of the Saviour, that ye are no pirates; nor have shed blood,
lawfully or unlawfully, within forty days past; you may have license to come on land."
We said, "We were all ready to take that oath." Whereupon one of those that were with him, being (as it
seemed) a notary, made an entry of this act. Which done, another of the attendants of the great per-
son, which was with him in the same boat, after his lord had spoken a little to him, said aloud:
"My lord would have you know that it is not of pride, or greatness, that he cometh not aboard your ship;
but for that in your answer you declare that you have many sick amongst you, he was warned by the
conservator of health of the city that he should keep a distance."
We bowed ourselves toward him and answered:
"We were his humble servants; and accounted for great honor and singular humanity toward us, that
which was already done; but hoped well that the nature of the sickness of our men was not infectious."
So he returned; and awhile after came the notary to us aboard our ship, holding in his hand a fruit of that
country, like an orange, but of color between orange-tawny and scarlet, which cast a most excellent
odor. He used it (as it seemed) for a preservative against infection. He gave us our oath, "By the name
of Jesus, and His merits," and after told us that the next day, by six of the clock in the morning, we
should be sent to, and brought to the strangers' house (so he called it), where we should be
accommodated of things, both for our whole and for our sick. So he left us; and when we offered him
some pistolets, he smiling, said, "He must not be twice paid for one labor:" meaning (as I take it) that he
had salary sufficient of the State for his service. For (as I after learned) they call an officer that taketh
rewards twice paid.

The next morning early there came to us the same officer that came to us at first, with his cane, and told
us he came to conduct us to the strangers' house; and that he had pre- vented the hour, because we
might have the whole day before us for our business.
"For," said he," if you will follow my advice, there shall first go with me some few of you, and see the
place, and how it may be made convenient for you; and then you may send for your sick, and the rest of
your number which ye will bring on land."
We thanked him and said,
"That his care which he took of desolate strangers, God would reward."
And so six of us went on land with him; and when we were on land, he went before us, and turned to us
and said "he was but our servant and our guide." He led us through three fair streets; and all the way we
went there were gathered some people on both sides, standing in a row; but in so civil a fashion, as if it
had been, not to wonder at us, but to welcome us; and divers of them, as we passed by them, put their
arms a little abroad, which is their gesture when they bid any welcome.

The strangers' house is a fair and spacious house, built of brick, of somewhat a bluer color than our
brick; and with handsome windows, some of glass, some of a kind of cambric oiled. He brought us first
into a fair parlor above stairs, and then asked us "what number of persons we were? and how many
sick?"

We answered,
"We were in all (sick and whole) one-and-fifty persons, whereof our sick were seventeen."
He desired us have patience a little, and to stay till he came back to us, which was about an hour after;
and then he led us to see the chambers which were provided for us, being in number nineteen. They
having cast it (as it seemeth) that four of those chambers, which were better than the rest, might receive
four of the principal men of our company; and lodge them alone by themselves; and the other fifteen
chambers were to lodge us, two and two together. The chambers were handsome and cheerful
chambers, and furnished civilly.

Then he led us to a long gallery, like a torture, where he showed us all along the one side (for the other
side was but wall and window) seventeen cells, very neat ones, having partitions of cedar wood. Which
gallery and cells, being in all forty (many more than we needed), were instituted as an infirmary for sick
persons. And he told us withal, that as any of our sick waxed well, he might be removed from his cell to
a chamber; for which purpose there were set forth ten spare chambers, besides the number we spake of
before.

This done, he brought us back to the parlor, and lifting up his cane a little (as they do when they give
any charge or command), said to us:
"Ye are to know that the custom of the land requireth that after this day and to-morrow (which we give
you for removing your people from your ship), you are to keep within doors for three days. But let it not
trouble you, nor do not think yourselves restrained, but rather left to your rest and ease. You shall want
nothing; and there are six of our people appointed to attend you for any business you may have
abroad."
We gave him thanks with all affection and respect, and said, "God surely is manifested in this land." We
offered him also twenty pistolets; but he smiled, and only said: "What? Twice paid!" And so he left us.
Soon after our dinner was served in; which was right good viands, both for bread and meat: better than
any collegiate diet that I have known in Europe. We had also drink of three sorts, all whole- some and
good: wine of the grape; a drink of grain, such as is with us our ale, but more clear; and a kind of cider
made of a fruit of that country, a wonderful pleasing and refreshing drink. Besides, there were brought in
to us great store of those scarlet oranges for our sick; which (they said) were an assured remedy for
sickness taken at sea. There was given us also a box of small gray or whitish pills, which they wished
our sick should take, one of the pills every night be- fore sleep; which (they said) would hasten their
recovery.

The next day, after that our trouble of carriage and removing of our men and goods out of our ship was
somewhat settled and quiet, I thought good to call our company together, and, when they were
assembled, said unto them:
"My dear friends, let us know ourselves, and how it standeth with us. We are men cast on land, as
Jonas was out of the whale's belly, when we were as buried in the deep; and now we are on land, we
are but between death and life, for we are beyond both the Old World and the New; and whether ever
we shall see Europe, God only knoweth. It is a kind of miracle hath brought us hither, and it must be little
less that shall bring us hence. Therefore in regard of our deliverance past, and our danger present and
to come, let us look up to God, and every man reform his own ways.
Besides, we are come here among a Christian people, full of piety and humanity. Let us not bring that
confusion of face upon ourselves, as to show our vices or unworthiness before them. Yet there is more,
for they have by commandment (though in form of courtesy) cloistered us within these walls for three
days; who knoweth whether it be not to take some taste of our manners and conditions? And if they find
them bad, to banish us straightway; if good, to give us further time. For these men that they have given
us for attendance, may withal have an eye upon us. Therefore, for God's love, and as we love the weal
of our souls and bodies, let us so behave ourselves as we may be at peace with God and may find
grace in the eyes of this people."
Our company with one voice thanked me for my good ad- monition, and promised me to live soberly and
civilly, and without giving any the least occasion of offence. So we spent our three days joyfully, and
without care, in expectation what would be done with us when they were expired. During which time, we
had every hour joy of the amendment of our sick, who thought themselves cast into some divine pool of
healing, they mended so kindly and so fast.

The morrow after our three days were past, there came to us a new man, that we had not seen before,
clothed in blue as the former was, save that his turban was white with a small red cross on top. He had
also a tippet of fine linen. At his coming in, he did bend to us a little, and put his arms abroad. We of our
parts saluted him in a very lowly and submissive manner; as looking that from him we should receive
sentence of life or death. He desired to speak with some few of us. Whereupon six of us only stayed,
and the rest avoided the room. He said:
"I am by office, governor of this house of strangers, and by vocation, I am a Christian priest, and
therefore am come to you to offer you my service, both as strangers and chiefly as Christians. Some
things I may tell you, which I think you will not be unwilling to hear.

The State hath given you license to stay on land for the space of six weeks; and let it not trouble you if
your occasions ask further time, for the law in this point is not precise; and I do not doubt but myself
shall be able to obtain for you such further time as shall be convenient. Ye shall also understand that the
strangers' house is at this time rich and much afore- hand; for it hath laid up revenue these thirty-seven
years, for so long it is since any stranger arrived in this part; and there- fore take ye no care; the State
will defray you all the time you stay.

Neither shall you stay one day the less for that. As for any merchandise you have brought, ye shall be
well used, and have your return, either in merchandise or in gold and silver, for to us it is all one. And if
you have any other request to make, hide it not; for ye shall find we will not make your countenance to
fall by the answer ye shall receive. Only this I must tell you, that none of you must go above a karan
[that is with them a mile and a half] from the walls of the city, without special leave."
We answered, after we had looked awhile upon one an- other, admiring this gracious and parent-like
usage, that we could not tell what to say, for we wanted words to express our thanks; and his noble free
offers left us nothing to ask. It seemed to us that we had before us a picture of our salvation in heaven;
for we that were awhile since in the jaws of death, were now brought into a place where we found
nothing but consolations. For the commandment laid upon us, we would not fail to obey it, though it was
impossible but our hearts should be inflamed to tread further upon this happy and holy ground. We
added that our tongues should first cleave to the roofs of our mouths ere we should forget either this
reverend person or this whole nation, in our prayers.

We also most humbly besought him to accept of us as his true servants, by as just a right as ever men
on earth were bounden; laying and presenting both our persons and all we had at his feet. He said he
was a priest, and looked for a priest's reward, which was our brotherly love and the good of our souls
and bodies. So he went from us, not without tears of tenderness in his eyes, and left us also confused
with joy and kindness, saying among ourselves that we were come into a land of angels, which did
appear to us daily, and prevent us with comforts, which we thought not of, much less expected.

The next day, about ten of the clock; the governor came to us again, and after salutations said familiarly
that he was come to visit us, and called for a chair and sat him down; and we, being some ten of us (the
rest were of the meaner sort or else gone abroad), sat down with him; and when we were set he began
thus: "We of this island of Bensalem (for so they called it in their language) have this: that by means of
our solitary situation, and of the laws of secrecy, which we have for our travellers, and our rare
admission of strangers; we know well most part of the habitable world, and are ourselves unknown.

Therefore because he that knoweth least is fittest to ask questions it is more reason, for the
entertainment of the time, that ye ask me questions, than that I ask you." We answered, that we humbly
thanked him that he would give us leave so to do. And that we conceived by the taste we had already,
that there was no worldly thing on earth more worthy to be known than the state of that happy land.

But above all, we said, since that we were met from the several ends of the world, and hoped assuredly
that we should meet one day in the kingdom of heaven (for that we were both parts Christians), we
desired to know (in respect that land was so remote, and so divided by vast and unknown seas from the
land where our Saviour walked on earth) who was the apostle of that nation, and how it was converted
to the faith? It appeared in his face that he took great contentment in this our question; he said: "Ye knit
my heart to you by asking this question in the first place; for it showeth that you first seek the kingdom of
heaven; and I shall gladly, and briefly, satisfy your demand.

"About twenty years after the ascension of our Saviour it came to pass, that there was seen by the
people of Renfusa (a city upon the eastern coast of our island, within sight, the night was cloudy and
calm), as it might be some mile in the sea, a great pillar of light; not sharp, but in form of a column, or
cylinder, rising from the sea, a great way up toward heaven; and on the top of it was seen a large cross
of light, more bright and resplendent than the body of the pillar. Upon which so strange a spectacle, the
people of the city gathered apace together upon the sands, to wonder; and so after put themselves into
a number of small boats to go nearer to this marvellous sight.

But when the boats were come within about sixty yards of the pillar, they found themselves all bound,
and could go no further, yet so as they might move to go about, but might not approach nearer; so as
the boats stood all as in a theatre, beholding this light, as a heavenly sign. It so fell out that there was in
one of the boats one of the wise men of the Society of Saloman's House (which house, or college, my
good brethren, is the very eye of this kingdom), who having awhile attentively and devoutly viewed and
contemplated this pillar and cross, fell down upon his face; and then raised himself upon his knees, and
lifting up his hands to heaven, made his prayers in this manner:
"'Lord God of heaven and earth; thou hast vouchsafed of thy grace, to those of our order to know thy
works of creation, and true secrets of them; and to discern, as far as appertaineth to the generations of
men, between divine miracles, works of nature, works of art and impostures, and illusions of all sorts. I
do here acknowledge and testify before this people that the thing we now see before our eyes is thy
finger, and a true miracle. And forasmuch as we learn in our books that thou never workest miracles, but
to a divine and excellent end (for the laws of nature are thine own laws, and thou exceedest them not
but upon great cause), we most humbly beseech thee to prosper this great sign, and to give us the
interpretation and use of it in mercy; which thou dost in some part secretly promise, by sending it unto
us.'

"When he had made his prayer, he presently found the boat he was in movable and unbound; whereas
all the rest remained still fast; and taking that for an assurance of leave to approach, he caused the boat
to be softly and with silence rowed toward the pillar; but ere he came near it, the pillar and cross of light
broke up, and cast itself abroad, as it were, into a firmament of many stars, which also vanished soon
after, and there was nothing left to be seen but a small ark or chest of cedar, dry and not wet at all with
water, though it swam; and in the fore end of it, which was toward him, grew a small green branch of
palm; and when the wise man had taken it with all reverence into his boat, it opened of itself, and there
were found in it a book and a letter, both written in fine parchment, and wrapped in sindons of linen. The
book contained all the canonical books of the Old and New Testament, according as you have them (for
we know well what the churches with you receive), and the Apocalypse itself; and some other books of
the New Testament, which were not at that time written, were nevertheless in the book. And for the
letter, it was in these words:
"'I, Bartholomew, a servant of the Highest, and apostle of Jesus Christ, was warned by an angel that
appeared to me in a vision of glory, that I should commit this ark to the floods of the sea. Therefore I do
testify and declare unto that people where God shall ordain this ark to come to land, that in the same
day is come unto them salvation and peace, and good-will from the Father, and from the Lord Jesus.'

"There was also in both these writings, as well the book as the letter, wrought a great miracle, conform
to that of the apostles, in the original gift of tongues. For there being at that time, in this land, Hebrews,
Persians, and Indians, besides the natives, everyone read upon the book and letter, as if they had been
written in his own language. And thus was this land saved from infidelity (as the remain of the old world
was from water) by an ark, through the apostolical and miraculous evangelism of St. Bartholomew."
And here he paused, and a messenger came and called him forth from us. So this was all that passed in
that conference.

The next day the same governor came again to us immediately after dinner, and excused himself,
saying that the day be- fore he was called from us somewhat abruptly, but now he would make us
amends, and spend time with us; if we held his company and conference agreeable. We answered that
we held it so agreeable and pleasing to us, as we forgot both dangers past, and fears to come, for the
time we heard him speak; and that we thought an hour spent with him was worth years of our former life.
He bowed himself a little to us, and after we were set again, he said, "Well, the questions are on your
part."

One of our number said, after a little pause, that there was a matter we were no less desirous to know
than fearful to ask, lest we might presume too far. But, encouraged by his rare humanity toward us (that
could scarce think ourselves strangers, being his vowed and professed servants), we would take the
hardness to propound it; humbly beseeching him, if he thought it not fit to be answered, that he would
pardon it, though he rejected it. We said, we well observed those his words, which he formerly spake,
that this happy island, where we now stood, was known to few, and yet knew most of the nations of the
world, which we found to be true, considering they had the languages of Europe, and knew much of our
State and business; and yet we in Europe (notwithstanding all the remote discoveries and navigations of
this last age) never heard any of the least inkling or glimpse of this island.

This we found wonderful strange; for that all nations have inter knowledge one of another, either by
voyage into foreign parts, or by strangers that come to them; and though the traveller into a foreign
country doth commonly know more by the eye than he that stayeth at home can by relation of the
traveller; yet both ways suffice to make a mutual knowledge, in some degree, on both parts. But for this
island, we never heard tell of any ship of theirs that had been seen to arrive upon any shore of Europe;
no, nor of either the East or West Indies, nor yet of any ship of any other part of the world, that had
made return for them.

And yet the marvel rested not in this. For the situation of it (as his lordship said) in the secret conclave of
such a vast sea might cause it. But then, that they should have knowledge of the languages, books,
affairs, of those that lie such a distance from them, it was a thing we could not tell what to make of; for
that it seemed to us a condition and propriety of divine powers and beings, to be hidden and unseen to
others, and yet to have others open, and as in a light to them.

At this speech the governor gave a gracious smile and said that we did well to ask pardon for this
question we now asked, for that it imported, as if we thought this land a land of magicians, that sent forth
spirits of the air into all parts, to bring them news and intelligence of other countries. It was answered by
us all, in all possible humbleness, but yet with a countenance taking knowledge, that we knew that he
spake it but merrily.

That we were apt enough to think there was somewhat supernatural in this island, but yet rather as
angelical than magical. But to let his lordship know truly what it was that made us tender and doubtful to
ask this question, it was not any such conceit, but because we remembered he had given a touch in his
former speech, that this land had laws of secrecy touching strangers. To this he said,
"You remember it aright; and therefore in that I shall say to you, I must reserve some particulars, which it
is not lawful for me to reveal, but there will be enough left to give you satisfaction.

"You shall understand (that which perhaps you will scarce think credible) that about 3,000 years ago, or
somewhat more, the navigation of the world (especially for remote voyages) was greater than at this
day. Do not think with yourselves, that I know not how much it is increased with you, within these
threescore years; I know it well, and yet I say, greater then than now; whether it was, that the example of
the ark, that saved the remnant of men from the universal deluge, gave men confidence to venture upon
the waters, or what it was; but such is the truth. The Phoenicians, and especially the Tyrians, had great
fleets; so had the Carthaginians their colony, which is yet farther west. Toward the east the shipping of
Egypt, and of Palestine, was likewise great. China also, and the great Atlantis (that you call America),
which have now but junks and canoes, abounded then in tall ships. This island (as appeareth by faithful
registers of those times) had then 1,500 strong ships, of great content. Of all this there is with you
sparing memory, or none; but we have large knowledge thereof.

"At that time this land was known and frequented by the ships and vessels of all the nations before
named. And (as it cometh to pass) they had many times men of other countries, that were no sailors,
that came with them; as Persians, Chaldeans, Arabians, so as almost all nations of might and fame re-
sorted hither; of whom we have some stirps and little tribes with us at this day. And for our own ships,
they went sundry voyages, as well to your straits, which you call the Pillars of Hercules, as to other parts
in the Atlantic and Mediterranean seas; as to Paguin (which is the same with Cambalaine) and Quinzy,
upon the Oriental seas, as far as to the borders of the East Tartary.

"At the same time, and an age after or more, the inhabitants of the great Atlantis did flourish. For though
the narration and description which is made by a great man with you, that the descendants of Neptune
planted there, and of the magnificent temple, palace, city, and hill; and the manifold streams of goodly
navigable rivers, which as so many chains environed the same site and temple; and the several degrees
of ascent, where- by men did climb up to the same, as if it had been a Scala Coeli; be all poetical and
fabulous; yet so much is true, that the said country of Atlantis, as well that of Peru, then called Coya, as
that of Mexico, then named Tyrambel, were mighty and proud kingdoms, in arms, shipping, and riches;
so mighty, as at one time, or at least within the space of ten years, they both made two great
expeditions; they of Tyrambel through the Atlantic to the Mediterranean Sea; and they of Coya, through
the South Sea upon this our island; and for the former of these, which was into Europe, the same author
among you, as it seemeth, had some relation from the Egyptian priest, whom he citeth.

For assuredly, such a thing there was. But whether it were the ancient Athenians that had the glory of
the repulse and resistance of those forces, I can say nothing; but certain it is there never came back
either ship or man from that voyage. Neither had the other voyage of those of Coya upon us had better
fortune, if they had not met with enemies of greater clemency. For the King of this island, by name
Altabin, a wise man and a great warrior, knowing well both his own strength and that of his enemies,
handled the matter so as he cut off their land forces from their ships, and entoiled both their navy and
their camp with a greater power than theirs, both by sea and land; and compelled them to render
themselves without striking a stroke; and after they were at his mercy, contenting himself only with their
oath, that they should no more bear arms against him, dismissed them all in safety.

"But the divine revenge overtook not long after those proud enterprises. For within less than the space
of 100 years the Great Atlantis was utterly lost and destroyed; not by a great earthquake, as your man
saith, for that whole tract is little subject to earthquakes, but by a particular deluge, or inundation; those
countries having at this day far greater rivers, and far higher mountains to pour down waters, than any
part of the old world. But it is true that the same inundation was not deep, nor past forty foot, in most
places, from the ground, so that although it destroyed man and beast generally, yet some few wild
inhabitants of the wood escaped. Birds also were saved by flying to the high trees and woods. For as for
men, although they had buildings in many places higher than the depth of the water, yet that inundation,
though it were shallow, had a long continuance, whereby they of the vale that were not drowned
perished for want of food, and other things necessary. So as marvel you not at the thin population of
America, nor at the rudeness and ignorance of the people; for you must account your inhabitants of
America as a young people, younger a thou- sand years at the least than the rest of the world, for that
there was so much time between the universal flood and their particular inundation.

"For the poor remnant of human seed which remained in their mountains, peopled the country again
slowly, by little and little, and being simple and a savage people (not like Noah and his sons, which was
the chief family of the earth), they were not able to leave letters, arts, and civility to their posterity; and
having likewise in their mountainous habitations been used, in respect of the extreme cold of those
regions, to clothe them- selves with the skins of tigers, bears, and great hairy goats, that they have in
those parts; when after they came down into the valley, and found the intolerable heats which are there,
and knew no means of lighter apparel, they were forced to begin the custom of going naked, which
continueth at this day. Only they take great pride and delight in the feathers of birds, and this also they
took from those their ancestors of the mountains, who were invited unto it, by the infinite flight of birds,
that came up to the high grounds, while the waters stood below.

So you see, by this main accident of time, we lost our traffic with the Americans, with whom of all others,
in regard they lay nearest to us, we had most commerce. As for the other parts of the world, it is most
manifest that in the ages following (whether it were in respect of wars, or by a natural revolution of time)
navigation did everywhere greatly decay, and specially far voyages (the rather by the use of galleys, and
such vessels as could hardly brook the ocean) were altogether left and omitted. So then, that part of
intercourse which could be from other nations to sail to us, you see how it hath long since ceased;
except it were by some rare accident, as this of yours. But now of the cessation of that other part of
intercourse, which might be by our sailing to other nations, I must yield you some other cause. But I
cannot say if I shall say truly, but our ship- ping, for number, strength, mariners, pilots, and all things that
appertain to navigation, is as great as ever; and therefore why we should sit at home, I shall now give
you an account by itself; and it will draw nearer, to give you satisfaction, to your principal question.

"There reigned in this land, about 1,900 years ago, a King, whose memory of all others we most adore;
not superstitiously, but as a divine instrument, though a mortal man: his name was Salomana; and we
esteem him as the lawgiver of our nation. This King had a large heart, inscrutable for good; and was
wholly bent to make his kingdom and people happy. He, there- fore, taking into consideration how
sufficient and substantive this land was, to maintain itself without any aid at all of the foreigner; being
5,000 miles in circuit, and of rare fertility of soil, in the greatest part thereof; and finding also the shipping
of this country might be plentifully set on work, both by fishing and by transportations from port to port,
and likewise by sailing unto some small islands that are not far from us, and are under the crown and
laws of this State; and recalling into his memory the happy and flourishing estate wherein this land then
was, so as it might be a thousand ways altered to the worse, but scarce any one way to the better;
though nothing wanted to his noble and heroical intentions, but only (as far as human fore- sight might
reach) to give perpetuity to that which was in his time so happily established, therefore among his other
fundamental laws of this kingdom he did ordain the interdicts and prohibitions which we have touching
entrance of strangers; which at that time (though it was after the calamity of America) was frequent;
doubting novelties and commixture of manners.

It is true, the like law against the admission of strangers without license is an ancient law in the Kingdom
of China, and yet continued in use. But there it is a poor thing; and hath made them a curious, ignorant,
fearful, foolish nation. But our lawgiver made his law of another temper. For first, he hath preserved all
points of humanity, in taking order and making provision for the relief of strangers distressed; whereof
you have tasted."
At which speech (as reason was) we all rose up and bowed ourselves. He went on:
"That King also still desiring to join humanity and policy together; and thinking it against humanity to
detain strangers here against their wills, and against policy that they should return and discover their
knowledge of this estate, he took this course; he did ordain, that of the strangers that should be
permitted to land, as many at all times might depart as many as would; but as many as would stay,
should have very good conditions, and means to live from the State.
Wherein he saw so far, that now in so many ages since the prohibition, we have memory not of one ship
that ever returned, and but of thirteen persons only, at several times, that chose to return in our bottoms.
What those few that returned may have reported abroad, I know not. But you must think, whatsoever
they have said, could be taken where they came but for a dream. Now for our travelling from hence into
parts abroad, our lawgiver thought fit altogether to restrain it. So is it not in China. For the Chinese sail
where they will, or can; which showeth, that their law of keeping out strangers is a law of pusillanimity
and fear. But this restraint of ours hath one only exception, which is admirable; preserving the good
which cometh by communicating with strangers, and avoiding the hurt: and I will now open it to you.

"And here I shall seem a little to digress, but you will by and by find it pertinent. Ye shall understand, my
dear friends, that among the excellent acts of that King, one above all hath the pre-eminence. It was the
erection and institution of an order, or society, which we call Saloman's House, the noblest foundation,
as we think, that ever was upon the earth, and the lantern of this kingdom. It is dedicated to the study of
the works and creatures of God. Some think it beareth the founder's name a little corrupted, as if it
should be Solomon's House. But the records write it as it is spoken. So as I take it to be denominate of
the King of the Hebrews, which is famous with you, and no strangers to us; for we have some parts of
his works which with you are lost; namely, that natural history which he wrote of all plants, from the
cedar of Libanus to the moss that groweth out of the wall; and of all things that have life and motion.

This maketh me think that our King finding himself to symbolize, in many things, with that King of the
Hebrews, which lived many years before him, honored him with the title of this foundation. And I am the
rather induced to be of this opinion, for that I find in ancient records, this order or society is someti mes
called Solomon's House, and sometimes the College of the Six Days' Works, whereby I am satisfied that
our excellent King had learned from the Hebrews that God had created the world and all that therein is
within six days: and therefore he instituted that house, for the finding out of the true nature of all things,
whereby God might have the more glory in the workmanship of them, and men the more fruit in their use
of them, did give it also that second name.

"But now to come to our present purpose. When the King had forbidden to all his people navigation into
any part that was not under his crown, he made nevertheless this ordinance; that every twelve years
there should be set forth out of this kingdom, two ships, appointed to several voyages; that in either of
these ships there should be a mission of three of the fellows or brethren of Saloman's House, whose
errand was only to give us knowledge of the affairs and state of those countries to which they were
designed; and especially of the sciences, arts, manufactures, and inventions of all the world; and withal
to bring unto us books, instruments, and patterns in every kind: that the ships, after they had landed the
brethren, should re- turn; and that the brethren should stay abroad till the new mission, the ships are not
otherwise fraught than with store of victuals, and good quantity of treasure to remain with the brethren,
for the buying of such things, and rewarding of such persons, as they should think fit.

Now for me to tell you how the vulgar sort of mariners are contained from being discovered at land, and
how they must be put on shore for any time, color themselves under the names of other nations, and to
what places these voyages have been designed; and what places of rendezvous are appointed for the
new missions, and the like circum- stances of the practice, I may not do it, neither is it much to your
desire. But thus you see we maintain a trade, not for gold, silver, or jewels, nor for silks, nor for spices,
nor any other commodity of matter; but only for God's first creature, which was light; to have light, I say,
of the growth of all parts of the world."
And when he had said this, he was silent, and so were we all; for indeed we were all astonished to hear
so strange things so probably told. And he perceiving that we were willing to say somewhat, but had it
not ready, in great courtesy took us off, and descended to ask us questions of our voyage and fortunes,
and in the end concluded that we might do well to think with ourselves what time of stay we would
demand of the State, and bade us not to scant ourselves; for he would procure such time as we desired.
Whereupon we all rose up and presented ourselves to kiss the skirt of his tippet, but he would not suffer
us, and so took his leave. But when it came once among our people that the State used to offer
conditions to strangers that would stay, we had work enough to get any of our men to look to our ship,
and to keep them from going presently to the governor to crave conditions; but with much ado we
restrained them, till we might agree what course to take.

We took ourselves now for freemen, seeing there was no danger of our utter perdition, and lived most
joyfully, going abroad and seeing what was to be seen in the city and places adjacent, within our tedder;
and obtaining acquaintance with many of the city, not of the meanest quality, at whose hands we found
such humanity, and such a freedom and desire to take strangers, as it were, into their bosom, as was
enough to make us forget all that was dear to us in our own countries, and continually we met with many
things, right worthy of observation and relation; as indeed, if there be a mirror in the world, worthy to
hold men's eyes, it is that country.

One day there were two of our company bidden to a feast of the family, as they call it; a most natural,
pious, and reverend custom it is, showing that nation to be compounded of all goodness. This is the
manner of it; it is granted to any man that shall live to see thirty per- sons descended of his body, alive
together, and all above three years old, to make this feast, which is done at the cost of the State. The
father of the family, whom they call the tirsan, two days before the feast, taketh to him three of such
friends as he liketh to choose, and is assisted also by the governor of the city or place where the feast is
celebrated; and all the per- sons of the family, of both sexes, are summoned to attend him.

These two days the tirsan sitteth in consultation, concerning the good estate of the family. There, if there
be any discord or suits between any of the family, they are compounded and appeased. There, if any of
the family be distressed or decayed, order is taken for their relief, and competent means to live. There, if
any be subject to vice, or take ill-courses, they are reproved and censured. So, likewise, direction is
given touching marriages, and the courses of life which any of them should take, with divers other the
like orders and advices. The governor sitteth to the end, to put in execution, by his public au- thority, the
decrees and orders of the tirsan, if they should be disobeyed, though that seldom needeth; such
reverence and obedience they give to the order of nature.

The tirsan doth also then ever choose one man from among his sons, to live in house with him, who is
called ever after the Son of the Vine. The reason will hereafter appear. On the feast day, the father, or
tirsan, cometh forth after divine service into a large room where the feast is celebrated; which room hath
a half-pace at the upper end. Against the wall, in the middle of the half-pace, is a chair placed for him,
with a table and carpet before it. Over the chair is a state, made round or oval and it is of ivy; an ivy
somewhat whiter than ours, like the leaf of a silver-asp, but more shining; for it is green all winter. And
the state is curiously wrought with silver and silk of divers colors, broiding or binding in the ivy; and is
ever of the work of some of the daughters of the family, and veiled over at the top, with a fine net of silk
and silver.

But the substance of it is true ivy; whereof after it is taken down, the friends of the family are desirous to
have some leaf or sprig to keep. The tirsan cometh forth with all his generation or lineage, the males
before him, and the females following him; and if there be a mother, from whose body the whole lineage
is descended, there is a traverse placed in a loft above on the right hand of the chair, with a privy door,
and a carved window of glass, leaded with gold and blue; where she sitteth, but is not seen.

When the tirsan is come forth, he sitteth down in the chair; and all the lineage place themselves against
the wall, both at his back, and upon the return of the half-pace, in order of their years) without difference
of sex, and stand upon their feet. When he is set, the room being always full of company, but well kept
and without disorder, after some pause there cometh in from the lower end of the room a taratan (which
is as much as a herald), and on either side of him two young lads: whereof one carrieth a scroll of their
shining yellow parchment, and the other a cluster of grapes of gold, with a long foot or stalk.

The herald and children are clothed with mantles of sea-water- green satin; but the herald's mantle is
streamed with gold, and hath a train. Then the herald with three courtesies, or rather inclinations,
cometh up as far as the half-pace, and there first taketh into his hand the scroll. This scroll is the King's
charter, containing gift of revenue, and many privileges, exemptions, and points of honor, granted to the
father of the family; and it is ever styled and directed, "To such an one, our well- beloved friend and
creditor," which is a title proper only to this case. For they say, the King is debtor to no man, but for
propagation of his subjects; the seal set to the King's charter is the King's image, embossed or moulded
in gold; and though such charters be expedited of course, and as of right, yet they are varied by
discretion, according to the number and dignity of the family. This charter the herald readeth aloud; and
while it is read, the father, or tirsan, standeth up, supported by two of his sons, such as he chooseth.

Then the herald mounteth the half-pace, and delivereth the charter into his hand: and with that there is
an acclamation, by all that are present, in their language, which is thus much, "Happy are the people of
Bensalem." Then the herald taketh into his hand from the other child the cluster of grapes, which is of
gold; both the stalk, and the grapes. But the grapes are daintily enamelled: and if the males of the family
be the greater number, the grapes are enamelled purple, with a little sun set on the top; if the females,
then they are enamelled into a greenish yellow, with a crescent on the top. The grapes are in number as
many as there are descendants of the family. This golden cluster the herald delivereth also to the tirsan;
who presently delivereth it over to that son that he had formerly chosen, to be in house with him: who
beareth it before his father, as an ensign of honor, when he goeth in public ever after; and is thereupon
called the Son of the Vine.

After this ceremony ended the father, or tirsan, retireth, and after some time cometh forth again to
dinner, where he sitteth alone under the state, as before; and none of his descendants sit with him, of
what degree or dignity so ever, except he hap to be of Salo- man's House. He is served only by his own
children, such as are male; who perform unto him all service of the table upon the knee, and the women
only stand about him, leaning against the wall. The room below his half-pace hath tables on the sides for
the guests that are bidden; who are served with great and comely order; and toward the end of dinner
(which in the greatest feasts with them lasteth never above an hour and a half) there is a hymn sung,
varied according to the invention of him that composeth it (for they have excellent poesy), but the
subject of it is always the praises of Adam, and Noah, and Abraham; whereof the former two peopled
the world, and the last was the father of the faithful: concluding ever with a thanksgiving for the nativity
of our Saviour, in whose birth the births of all are only blessed.

Dinner being done, the tirsan retireth again; and having withdrawn himself alone into a place, where he
maketh some private prayers, he cometh forth the third time, to give the blessing; with all his
descendants, who stand about him as at the first. Then he calleth them forth by one and by one, by
name as he pleaseth, though seldom the order of age be inverted. The person that is called (the table
being before removed) kneeleth down before the chair, and the father layeth his hand upon his head, or
her head, and giveth the blessing in these words:
"Son of Bensalem (or daughter of Bensalem), thy father saith it; the man by whom thou hast breath and
life speaketh the word; the blessing of the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace, and the Holy Dove be
upon thee, and make the days of thy pilgrimage good and many."
This he saith to every of them; and that done, if there be any of his sons of eminent merit and virtue, so
they be not above two, he calleth for them again, and saith, laying his arm over their shoulders, they
standing: "Sons, it is well you are born, give God the praise, and persevere to the end;" and withal
delivereth to either of them a jewel, made in the figure of an ear of wheat, which they ever after wear in
the front of their turban, or hat; this done, they fall to music and dances, and other recreations, after their
manner, for the rest of the day. This is the full order of that feast.

By that time six or seven days were spent, I was fallen into straight acquaintance with a merchant of that
city, whose name was Joabin. He was a Jew and circumcised; for they have some few stirps of Jews yet
remaining among them, whom they leave to their own religion. Which they may the better do, because
they are of a far differing disposition from the Jews in other parts. For whereas they hate the name of
Christ, and have a secret inbred rancor against the people among whom they live; these, contrariwise,
give unto our Saviour many high attributes, and love the nation of Bensalem extremely.

Surely this man of whom I speak would ever acknowledge that Christ was born of a Virgin; and that he
was more than a man; and he would tell how God made him ruler of the seraphim, which guard his
throne; and they call him also the Milken Way, and the Eliah of the Messiah, and many other high
names, which though they be inferior to his divine majesty, yet they are far from the language of other
Jews.

And for the country of Ben- salem, this man would make no end of commending it, being desirous by
tradition among the Jews there to have it believed that the people thereof were of the generations of
Abraham, by another son, whom they call Nachoran; and that Moses by a secret cabala ordained the
laws of Bensalem which they now use; and that when the Messias should come, and sit in his throne at
Hierusalem, the King of Bensalem should sit at his feet, whereas other kings should keep a great
distance. But yet setting aside these Jewish dreams, the man was a wise man and learned, and of great
policy, and excellently seen in the laws and customs of that nation.

Among other discourses one day I told him, I was much affected with the relation I had from some of the
company of their custom in holding the feast of the family, for that, me- thought, I had never heard of a
solemnity wherein nature did so much preside. And because propagation of families proceedeth from
the nuptial copulation, I desired to know of him what laws and customs they had concerning marriage,
and whether they kept marriage well, and whether they were tied to one wife? For that where population
is so much affected, and such as with them it seemed to be, there is commonly per- mission of plurality
of wives. To this he said:
"You have reason for to commend that excellent institution of the feast of the family; and indeed we
have experience, that those families that are partakers of the blessings of that feast, do flourish and
prosper ever after, in an extraordinary manner. But hear me now, and I will tell you what I know. You
shall understand that there is not under the heavens so chaste a nation as this of Bensalem, nor so free
from all pollution or foulness. It is the virgin of the world; I remember, I have read in one of your
European books, of a holy hermit among you, that desired to see the spirit of fornication, and there
appeared to him a little foul ugly Ethiope; but if he had desired to see the spirit of chastity of Bensalem, it
would have appeared to him in the likeness of a fair beautiful cherub. For there is nothing, among mortal
men, more fair and admirable than the chaste minds of this people.

"Know, therefore, that with them there are no stews, no dissolute houses, no courtesans, nor anything of
that kind. Nay, they wonder, with detestation, at you in Europe, which permit such things. They say ye
have put marriage out of office; for marriage is ordained a remedy for unlawful concupiscence; and
natural concupiscence seemeth as a spur to marriage. But when men have at hand a remedy, more
agreeable to their corrupt will, marriage is almost expulsed. And therefore there are with you seen
infinite men that marry not, but choose rather a libertine and impure single life, than to be yoked in
marriage; and many that do marry, marry late, when the prime and strength of their years are past. And
when they do marry, what is marriage to them but a very bargain; wherein is sought alliance, or portion,
or reputation, with some desire (almost in- different) of issue; and not the faithful nuptial union of man
and wife, that was first instituted. Neither is it possible that those that have cast away so basely so much
of their strength, should greatly esteem children (being of the same matter) as chaste men do. So
likewise during marriage is the case much amended, as it ought to be if those things were tolerated only
for necessity; no, but they remain still as a very affront to marriage.

"The haunting of those dissolute places, or resort to courtesans, are no more punished in married men
than in bachelors. And the depraved custom of change, and the delight in meretricious embracements
(where sin is turned into art), maketh marriage a dull thing, and a kind of imposition or tax. They hear
you defend these things, as done to avoid greater evils; as advoutries, deflowering of virgins, unnatural
lust, and the like. But they say this is a preposterous wisdom; and they call it Lot's offer, who to save his
guests from abusing, offered his daughters; nay, they say further, that there is little gained in this; for
that the same vices and appetites do still remain and abound, unlawful lust being like a furnace, that if
you stop the flames altogether it will quench, but if you give it any vent it will rage; as for masculine love,
they have no touch of it; and yet there are not so faithful and inviolate friendships in the world again as
are there, and to speak generally (as I said be- fore) I have not read of any such chastity in any people
as theirs. And their usual saying is that whosoever is unchaste cannot reverence himself; and they say
that the reverence of a man's self, is, next religion, the chiefest bridle of all vices."
And when he had said this the good Jew paused a little; whereupon I, far more willing to hear him speak
on than to speak myself; yet thinking it decent that upon his pause of speech I should not be altogether
silent, said only this; that I would say to him, as the widow of Sarepta said to Elias: "that he was come to
bring to memory our sins; "and that I confess the righteousness of Bensalem was greater than the
righteous- ness of Europe. At which speech he bowed his head, and went on this manner:
"They have also many wise and excellent laws, touching marriage. They allow no polygamy. They have
ordained that none do intermarry, or contract, until a month be past from their first interview. Marriage
without consent of parents they do not make void, but they mulct it in the inheritors; for the children of
such marriages are not admitted to inherit above a third part of their parents' inheritance. I have read in
a book of one of your men, of a feigned commonwealth, where the married couple are permitted, before
they contract, to see one another naked.

This they dislike; for they think it a scorn to give a refusal after so familiar knowledge; but because of
many hidden defects in men and women's bodies, they have a more civil way; for they have near every
town a couple of pools (which they call Adam and Eve's pools), where it is permitted to one of the
friends of the man, and another of the friends of the woman, to see them severally bathe naked."
And as we were thus in conference, there came one that seemed to be a messenger, in a rich huke, that
spake with the Jew; whereupon he turned to me, and said, "You will pardon me, for I am commanded
away in haste." The next morning he came to me again, joyful as it seemed, and said: "There is word
come to the governor of the city, that one of the fathers of Salomon's House will be here this day seven-
night; we have seen none of them this dozen years. His coming is in state; but the cause of this coming
is secret. I will provide you and your fellows of a good standing to see his entry." I thanked him, and told
him I was most glad of the news.

The day being come he made his entry. He was a man of middle stature and age, comely of person, and
had an aspect as if he pitied men. He was clothed in a robe of fine black cloth and wide sleeves, and a
cape: his under-garment was of excellent white linen down to the foot, girt with a girdle of the same; and
a sindon or tippet of the same about his neck. He had gloves that were curious, and set with stone; and
shoes of peach-colored velvet.

His neck was bare to the shoulders. His hat was like a helmet, or Spanish montero; and his locks curled
below it decently; they were of color brown. His heard was cut round and of the same color with his hair,
somewhat lighter. He was carried in a rich chariot, without wheels, litter-wise, with two horses at either
end, richly trapped in blue velvet embroidered; and two footmen on each side in the like attire. The
chariot was all of cedar, gilt and adorned with crystal; save that the fore end had panels of sapphires set
in borders of gold, and the hinder end the like of emeralds of the Peru color.

There was also a sun of gold, radiant upon the top, in the midst; and on the top before a small cherub of
gold, with wings displayed. The chariot was covered with cloth-of- gold tissued upon blue. He had before
him fifty attendants, young men all, in white satin loose coats up to the mid-leg, and stockings of white
silk; and shoes of blue velvet; and hats of blue velvet, with fine plumes of divers colors, set round like
hat-bands. Next before the chariot went two men, bare- headed, in linen garments down to the foot, girt,
and shoes of blue velvet, who carried the one a crosier, the other a pastoral staff like a sheep-hook;
neither of them of metal, but the crosier of balm-wood, the pastoral staff of cedar.

Horsemen he had none, neither before nor behind his chariot; as it seemeth, to avoid all tumult and
trouble. Behind his chariot went all the officers and principals of the companies of the city. He sat alone,
upon cushions, of a kind of excellent plush, blue; and under his foot curious carpets of silk of divers
colors, like the Persian, but far finer. He held up his bare hand, as he went, as blessing the people, but
in silence. The street was wonder- fully well kept; so that there was never any army had their men stand
in better battle-array than the people stood. The windows likewise were not crowded, but everyone
stood in them, as if they had been placed.

When the show was passed, the Jew said to me, "I shall not be able to attend you as I would, in regard
of some charge the city hath laid upon me for the entertaining of this great person." Three days after the
Jew came to me again, and said: "Ye are happy men; for the father of Salomon's House taketh
knowledge of your being here, and commanded me to tell you that he will admit all your company to his
presence, and have private conference with one of you, that ye shall choose; and for this hath appointed
the next day after to-morrow. And because he meaneth to give you his blessing, he hath appointed it in
the forenoon." We came at our day and hour, and I was chosen by my fellows for the private access.

We found him in a fair chamber, richly hanged, and carpeted under foot, without any degrees to the
state; he was set upon a low throne richly adorned, and a rich cloth of state over his head of blue satin
embroidered. He was alone, save that he had two pages of honor, on either hand one, finely attired in
white. His under- garments were the like that we saw him wear in the chariot; but instead of his gown, he
had on him a mantle with a cape, of the same fine black, fastened about him.

When we came in, as we were taught, we bowed low at our first entrance; and when we were come
near his chair, he stood up, holding forth his hand ungloved, and in posture of blessing; and we every
one of us stooped down and kissed the end of his tippet. That done, the rest departed, and I remained.
Then he warned the pages forth of the room, and caused me to sit down beside him, and spake to me
thus in the Spanish tongue:
"God bless thee, my son; I will give thee the greatest jewel I have. For I will impart unto thee, for the love
of God and men, a relation of the true state of Salomon's House. Son, to make you know the true state
of Salomon's House, I will keep this order. First, I will set forth unto you the end of our foundation.
Secondly, the preparations and instruments we have for our works. Thirdly, the several employments
and functions whereto our fellows are assigned. And fourthly, the ordinances and rites which we
observe.

"The end of our foundation is the knowledge of causes, and secret motions of things; and the enlarging
of the bounds of human empire, to the effecting of all things possible.

"The preparations and instruments are these: We have large and deep caves of several depths; the
deepest are sunk 600 fathoms; and some of them are digged and made under great hills and
mountains; so that if you reckon together the depth of the hill and the depth of the cave, they are, some
of them, above three miles deep. For we find that the depth of a hill and the depth of a cave from the flat
are the same thing; both remote alike from the sun and heaven's beams, and from the open air. These
caves we call the lower region. And we use them for all coagulations, indurations, refrigerations, and
conservations of bodies. We use them likewise for the imitation of natural mines and the producing also
of new artificial metals, by compositions and materials which we use and lay there for many years. We
use them also sometimes (which may seem strange) for curing of some diseases, and for prolongation
of life, in some hermits that choose to live there, well accommodated of all things necessary, and indeed
live very long; by whom also we learn many things.

"We have burials in several earths, where we put divers cements, as the Chinese do their porcelain. But
we have them in greater variety, and some of them more fine. We also have great variety of composts
and soils, for the making of the earth fruitful.

"We have high towers, the highest about half a mile in height, and some of them likewise set upon high
mountains, so that the vantage of the hill with the tower is in the highest of them three miles at least.
And these places we call the upper region, account the air between the high places and the low as a
middle region. We use these towers, according to their several heights and situations, for insulation,
refrigeration, conservation, and for the view of divers meteors -- as winds, rain, snow, hail, and some of
the fiery meteors also. And upon them in some places are dwellings of hermits, whom we visit
sometimes and instruct what to observe.

"We have great lakes, both salt and fresh, whereof we have use for the fish and fowl. We use them also
for burials of some natural bodies, for we find a difference in things buried in earth, or in air below the
earth, and things buried in water. We have also pools, of which some do strain fresh water out of salt,
and others by art do turn fresh water into salt. We have also some rocks in the midst of the sea, and
some bays upon the shore for some works, wherein are required the air and vapor of the sea. We have
likewise violent streams and cataracts, which serve us for many motions; and likewise engines for
multiplying and enforcing of winds to set also on divers motions.

"We have also a number of artificial wells and fountains, made in imitation of the natural sources and
baths, as tincted upon vitriol, sulphur, steel, brass, lead, nitre, and other minerals; and again, we have
little wells for infusions of many things, where the waters take the virtue quicker and better than in
vessels or basins. And among them we have a water, which we call water of paradise, being by that we
do it made very sovereign for health and prolongation of life.

"We have also great and spacious houses, where we imitate and demonstrate meteors -- as snow, hail,
rain, some artificial rains of bodies and not of water, thunders, lightnings; also generations of bodies in
air -- as frogs, flies, and divers others.

"We have also certain chambers, which we call chambers of health, where we qualify the air as we think
good and proper for the cure of divers diseases and preservation of health.

"We have also fair and large baths, of several mixtures, for the cure of diseases, and the restoring of
man's body from are- faction; and others for the confirming of it in strength of sinews, vital parts, and the
very juice and substance of the body.

"We have also large and various orchards and gardens, wherein we do not so much respect beauty as
variety of ground and soil, proper for divers trees and herbs, and some very spacious, where trees and
berries are set, whereof we make divers kinds of drinks, beside the vineyards. In these we practise
likewise all conclusions of grafting, and inoculating, as well of wild-trees as fruit-trees, which produceth
many effects. And we make by art, in the same orchards and gardens, trees and flowers, to come earlier
or later than their seasons, and to come up and bear more speedily than by their natural course they do.
We make them also by art greater much than their nature; and their fruit greater and sweeter, and of
differing taste, smell, color, and figure, from their nature. And many of them we so order as that they
become of medicinal use.

"We have also means to make divers plants rise by mixtures of earths without seeds, and likewise to
make divers new plants, differing from the vulgar, and to make one tree or plant turn into another.

"We have also parks, and enclosures of all sorts, of beasts and birds; which we use not only for view or
rareness, but like- wise for dissections and trials, that thereby may take light what may be wrought upon
the body of man. Wherein we find many strange effects: as continuing life in them, though divers parts,
which you account vital, be perished and taken forth; resuscitating of some that seem dead in
appearance, and the like. We try also all poisons, and other medicines upon them, as well of chirurgery
as physic. By art likewise we make them greater or smaller than their kind is, and contrariwise dwarf
them and stay their growth; we make them more fruitful and bearing than their kind is, and contrariwise
barren and not generative. Also we make them differ in color, shape, activity, many ways. We find
means to make commixtures and copulations of divers kinds, which have produced many new kinds,
and them not barren, as the general opinion is. We make a number of kinds of serpents, worms, flies,
fishes of putrefaction, whereof some are advanced (in effect) to be perfect creatures, like beasts or
birds, and have sexes, and do propagate. Neither do we this by chance, but we know beforehand of
what matter and com- mixture, what kind of those creatures will arise.

"We have also particular pools where we make trials upon fishes, as we have said before of beasts and
birds.

"We have also places for breed and generation of those kinds of worms and flies which are of special
use; such as are with you your silkworms and bees.

"I will not hold you long with recounting of our brew- houses, bake-houses, and kitchens, where are
made divers drinks, breads, and meats, rare and of special effects. Wines we have of grapes, and drinks
of other juice, of fruits, of grains, and of roots, and of mixtures with honey, sugar, manna, and fruits dried
and decocted; also of the tears or wounding of trees and of the pulp of canes. And these drinks are of
several ages, some to the age or last of forty years. We have drinks also brewed with several herbs and
roots and spices; yea, with several fleshes and white meats; whereof some of the drinks are such as
they are in effect meat and drink both, so that divers, especially in age, do desire to live with them with
little or no meat or bread. And above all we strive to have drinks of extreme thin parts, to insinuate into
the body, and yet without all biting, sharpness, or fretting; insomuch as some of them put upon the back
of your hand, will with a little stay pass through to the palm, and yet taste mild to the mouth. We have
also waters, which we ripen in that fashion, as they become nourishing, so that they are indeed excellent
drinks, and many will use no other. Bread we have of several grains, roots, and kernels; yea, and some
of flesh, and fish, dried; with divers kinds of leavings and seasonings; so that some do extremely move
appetites, some do nourish so as divers do live of them, without any other meat, who live very long. So
for meats, we have some of them so beaten, and made tender, and mortified, yet without all corrupting,
as a weak heat of the stomach will turn them into good chilus, as well as a strong heat would meat
otherwise prepared. We have some meats also and bread, and drinks, which, taken by men, enable
them to fast long after; and some other, that used make the very flesh of men's bodies sensibly more
hard and tough, and their strength far greater than otherwise it would be.

"We have dispensatories or shops of medicines; wherein you may easily think, if we have such variety of
plants, and living creatures, more than you have in Europe (for we know what you have), the simples,
drugs, and ingredients of medicines, must likewise be in so much the greater variety. We have them
likewise of divers ages, and long fermentations. And for their preparations, we have not only all manner
of exquisite distillations, and separations, and especially by gentle heats, and percolations through
divers strainers, yea, and substances; but also exact forms of composition, whereby they incorporate al-
most as they were natural simples.

"We have also divers mechanical arts, which you have not; and stuffs made by them, as papers, linen,
silks, tissues, dainty works of feathers of wonderful lustre, excellent dyes, and many others, and shops
likewise as well for such as are not brought into vulgar use among us, as for those that are. For you
must know, that of the things before recited, many of them are grown into use throughout the kingdom,
but yet, if they did flow from our invention, we have of them also for patterns and principals.

"We have also furnaces of great diversities, and that keep great diversity of heats; fierce and quick,
strong and constant, soft and mild, blown, quiet, dry, moist, and the like. But above all we have heats, in
imitation of the sun's and heavenly bodies' heats, that pass divers inequalities, and as it were orbs,
progresses, and returns whereby we produce admirable effects. Be- sides, we have heats of dungs, and
of bellies and maws of living creatures and of their bloods and bodies, and of hays and herbs laid up
moist, of lime unquenched, and such like. Instruments also which generate heat only by motion. And
farther, places for strong insulations; and, again, places under the earth, which by nature or art yield
heat. These divers heats we use as the nature of the operation which we intend requireth.

"We have also perspective houses, where we make demonstrations of all lights and radiations and of all
colors; and out of things uncolored and transparent we can represent unto you all several colors, not in
rainbows, as it is in gems and prisms, but of themselves single. We represent also all multiplications of
light, which we carry to great distance, and make so sharp as to discern small points and lines. Also all
colorations of light: all delusions and deceits of the sight, in figures, magnitudes, motions, colors; all
demonstrations of shadows. We find also divers means, yet unknown to you, of producing of light,
originally from divers bodies. We procure means of seeing objects afar off, as in the heaven and remote
places; and represent things near as afar off, and things afar off as near; making feigned distances. We
have also helps for the sight far above spectacles and glasses in use; we have also glasses and means
to see small and minute bodies, perfectly and distinctly; as the shapes and colors of small flies and
worms, grains, and flaws in gems which cannot otherwise be seen, observations in urine and blood not
otherwise to be seen. We make artificial rainbows, halos, and circles about light. We represent also all
manner of reflections, refractions, and multiplications of visual beams of objects.

"We have also precious stones, of all kinds, many of them of great beauty and to you unknown, crystals
likewise, and glasses of divers kind; and among them some of metals vitrificated, and other materials,
besides those of which you make glass. Also a number of fossils and imperfect minerals, which you
have not. Likewise loadstones of prodigious virtue, and other rare stones, both natural and artificial.

"We have also sound-houses, where we practise and demonstrate all sounds and their generation. We
have harmony which you have not, of quarter-sounds and lesser slides of sounds. Divers instruments of
music likewise to you unknown, some sweeter than any you have; with bells and rings that are dainty
and sweet. We represent small sounds as great and deep, likewise great sounds extenuate and sharp;
we make divers tremblings and warblings of sounds, which in their original are entire. We represent and
imitate all articulate sounds and letters, and the voices and notes of beasts and birds. We have certain
helps which, set to the ear, do further the hearing greatly; we have also divers strange and artificial
echoes, reflecting the voice many times, and, as it were, tossing it; and some that give back the voice
louder than it came, some shriller and some deeper; yea, some rendering the voice, differing in the
letters or articulate sound from that they receive. We have all means to convey sounds in trunks and
pipes, in strange lines and distances.

"We have also perfume-houses, wherewith we join also practices of taste. We multiply smells which may
seem strange: we imitate smells, making all smells to breathe out of other mixtures than those that give
them. We make divers imitations of taste likewise, so that they will deceive any man's taste. And in this
house we contain also a confiture-house, where we make all sweatmeats, dry and moist, and divers
pleas- ant wines, milks, broths, and salads, far in greater variety than you have.

"We have also engine-houses, where are prepared engines and instruments for all sorts of motions.
There we imitate and practise to make swifter motions than any you have, either out of your muskets or
any engine that you have; and to make them and multiply them more easily and with small force, by
wheels and other means, and to make them stronger and more violent than yours are, exceeding your
greatest cannons and basilisks. We represent also ordnance and instruments of war and engines of all
kinds; and likewise new mixtures and com- positions of gunpowder, wild-fires burning in water and un-
quenchable, also fire-works of all variety, both for pleasure and use. We imitate also flights of birds; we
have some degrees of flying in the air. We have ships and boats for going under water and brooking of
seas, also swimming-girdles and sup- porters. We have divers curious clocks and other like motions of
return, and some perpetual motions. We imitate also motions of living creatures by images of men,
beasts, birds, fishes, and serpents; we have also a great number of other various motions, strange for
equality, fineness, and subtilty.

"We have also a mathematical-house, where are represented all instruments, as well of geometry as
astronomy, exquisitely made.

"We have also houses of deceits of the senses, where we rep- resent all manner of feats of juggling,
false apparitions, impostures and illusions, and their fallacies. And surely you will easily believe that we,
that have so many things truly natural which induce admiration, could in a world of particulars deceive
the senses if we would disguise those things, and labor to make them more miraculous. But we do hate
all impostures and lies, insomuch as we have severely forbidden it to all our fellows, under pain of
ignominy and fines, that they do not show any natural work or thing adorned or swelling, but only pure
as it is, and without all affectation of strangeness.

"These are, my son, the riches of Salomon's House.

"For the several employments and offices of our fellows, we have twelve that sail into foreign countries
under the names of other nations (for our own we conceal), who bring us the books and abstracts, and
patterns of experiments of all other parts. These we call merchants of light.

"We have three that collect the experiments which are in all books. These we call depredators.

"We have three that collect the experiments of all mechanical arts, and also of liberal sciences, and also
of practices which are not brought into arts. These we call mystery-men.

"We have three that try new experiments, such as themselves think good. These we call pioneers or
miners.

"We have three that draw the experiments of the former four into titles and tables, to give the better light
for the drawing of observations and axioms out of them. These we call compilers. We have three that
bend themselves, looking into the experiments of their fellows, and cast about how to draw out of them
things of use and practice for man's life and knowledge, as well for works as for plain demonstration of
causes, means of natural divinations, and the easy and clear discovery of the virtues and parts of
bodies. These we call dowry-men or benefactors.

"Then after divers meetings and consults of our whole number, to consider of the former labors and
collections, we have three that take care out of them to direct new experiments, of a higher light, more
penetrating into nature than the former. These we call lamps.

"We have three others that do execute the experiments so directed, and report them. These we call
inoculators.

"Lastly, we have three that raise the former discoveries by experiments into greater observations,
axioms, and aphorisms. These we call interpreters of nature.

"We have also, as you must think, novices and apprentices, that the succession of the former employed
men do not fail; be- sides a great number of servants and attendants, men and women. And this we do
also: we have consultations, which of the inventions and experiences which we have discovered shall be
published, and which not; and take all an oath of secrecy for the concealing of those which we think fit to
keep secret; though some of those we do reveal sometime to the State, and some not.

"For our ordinances and rites we have two very long and fair galleries. In one of these we place patterns
and samples of all manner of the more rare and excellent inventions; in the other we place the statues of
all principal inventors. There we have the statue of your Columbus, that discovered the West Indies, also
the inventor of ships, your monk that was the inventor of ordnance and of gunpowder, the inventor of
music, the inventor of letters, the inventor of printing, the inventor of observations of astronomy, the
inventor of works in metal, the inventor of glass, the inventor of silk of the worm, the inventor of wine, the
inventor of corn and bread, the inventor of sugars; and all these by more certain tradition than you have.
Then we have divers inventors of our own, of excellent works; which, since you have not seen) it were
too long to make descriptions of them; and besides, in the right understanding of those descriptions you
might easily err. For upon every invention of value we erect a statue to the inventor, and give him a
liberal and honorable reward. These statues are some of brass, some of marble and touchstone, some
of cedar and other special woods gilt and adorned; some of iron, some of silver, some of gold.

"We have certain hymns and services, which we say daily, of laud and thanks to God for His marvellous
works. And forms of prayers, imploring His aid and blessing for the illumination of our labors; and turning
them into good and holy uses.

"Lastly, we have circuits or visits, of divers principal cities of the kingdom; where as it cometh to pass we
do publish such new profitable inventions as we think good. And we do also declare natural divinations
of diseases, plagues, swarms of hurtful creatures, scarcity, tempest, earthquakes, great inundations,
comets, temperature of the year, and divers other things; and we give counsel thereupon, what the
people shall do for the prevention and remedy of them."
And when he had said this he stood up, and I, as I had been taught, knelt down; and he laid his right
hand upon my head, and said:
"God bless thee, my son, and God bless this relation which I have made. I give thee leave to publish it,
for the good of other nations; for we here are in God's bosom, a land un- known."
And so he left me; having assigned a value of about 2,000 ducats for a bounty to me and my fellows.
For they give great largesses, where they come, upon all occasions.

[THE REST WAS NOT PERFECTED.]