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Total Station Lab Manual

The document outlines the objectives and procedures for using a Total Station to survey a small area, including measuring distances and angles to calculate area and perimeter, as well as creating a contour map. It describes the important operations of the Total Station, such as distance and angle measurements, data processing, and the necessary instruments. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of Total Stations over conventional surveying methods and provides assignments and precautions for effective use.

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Prashant Babu
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views

Total Station Lab Manual

The document outlines the objectives and procedures for using a Total Station to survey a small area, including measuring distances and angles to calculate area and perimeter, as well as creating a contour map. It describes the important operations of the Total Station, such as distance and angle measurements, data processing, and the necessary instruments. Additionally, it highlights the advantages of Total Stations over conventional surveying methods and provides assignments and precautions for effective use.

Uploaded by

Prashant Babu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TOTAL STATION

Objective:

1. To plot a small area using measurements taken from a Total Station and find out the area and perimeter
for that area.

2. To make the contour map for the given area by taking levels of all contour grid points.

Theory:

Total station is a surveying equipment combination of Electromagnetic Distance Measuring Instrument


and electronic theodolite. It is also integrated with microprocessor, electronic data collector and storage
system. The instrument can be used to measure horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distance
of object to the instrument. Total stations with different accuracy, in angle measurement and different
range of measurements are available in the market.

Important Operations of Total Station:

1. Distance Measurement: Electronic distance measuring (EDM) instrument is a major part of total
station. Its range varies from 2.8 km to 4.2 km. The accuracy of measurement varies from 5 mm to 10 mm
per km measurement. They are used with automatic target recognizer. The distance measured is always
sloping distance from instrument to the object.

2. Angle Measurements: The electronic theodolite part of total station is used for measuring vertical
and horizontal angle. For measurement of horizontal angles any convenient direction may be taken as
reference direction. For vertical angle measurement vertical upward (zenith) direction is taken as
reference direction. The accuracy of angle measurement varies from 2 to 6 seconds.

3. Data Processing: The instrument is provided with an inbuilt microprocessor. The microprocessor
averages multiple observations. With the help of slope distance and vertical and horizontal angles
measured, when height of axis of instrument and targets are supplied, the microprocessor computes the
horizontal distance and X, Y, Z coordinates. The processor can apply temperature and pressure corrections
to the measurements if atmospheric temperature and pressures are supplied.

Instrument:

1. Total Station
2. Tripods
3. Batteries and Chargers
4. Data and Power cables
5. Prisms
6. Prism Poles, Tribraches

Procedure:

1. The total station instrument is mounted on a tripod and is levelled by operating levelling screws.
Within a small range instrument can adjust itself to the level position. Then vertical and horizontal
reference directions are indexed using onboard keys.
2. It is possible to set required units for distance, temperature, and pressure (FPS or SI). Surveyor
can select measurement mode like fine, coarse, single, or repeated.
3. When target is sighted, horizontal and vertical angles as well as sloping distances are measured
and by pressing appropriate keys, they are recorded along with point number. Heights of instrument and
targets can be keyed in after measuring them with tapes. Then processor computes various information
about the point and displays on screen.
4. This information is also stored in the electronic notebook. At the end of the day or whenever
electronic notebook is full, the information stored is downloaded to computers with the help of USB cable
provided to us.
5. The point data downloaded to the computer can be used for further processing. There is software
like auto civil and auto plotter clubbed with AutoCAD which can be used for plotting contours at any
specified interval and for plotting cross-section along any specified line.

Advantages of Using Total Stations

The following are some of the major advantages of using total station over the conventional surveying
instruments:

1. Field work is carried out very fast.


2. Accuracy of measurement is high.
3. Manual errors involved in reading and recording are eliminated.
4. Calculation of coordinates is very fast and accurate. Even corrections for temperature and
pressure are automatically made.
5. Computers can be employed for map making and plotting contour and cross-sections. Contour
intervals and scales can be changed in no time.
However, surveyor should check the working condition of the instruments before using. For these
standard points may be located near survey office and before taking out instrument for field work, its
working is checked by observing those standard points from the specified instrument station.

Assignments:

1. Plot the given area surveyed in a drawing sheet. Find the area and perimeter of the plot. Compare it
with manual measurements taken with a tape/chain.

2. Plot the contour map showing levels of all points in a drawing sheet.

Precautions:

1. Reflector/prism pole must be vertical and perpendicular to the ground.

2. Instrument must be levelled before taking measurements.

3. Before mounting the instrument on the tripod, tripod legs must be levelled and tightened properly.

Conclusion:

Write conclusion for both the objectives in your own words.

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