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Core Java Practical

The document contains three Java programs: one that counts letters, spaces, numbers, and other characters in a string; another that calculates the sum of digits from a char array; and a third that finds the smallest and largest elements in an integer array. Each program includes explanations of its functionality and sample outputs demonstrating their use. The overall focus is on basic string and array manipulations in Java.

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anandyadav8191
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2 views

Core Java Practical

The document contains three Java programs: one that counts letters, spaces, numbers, and other characters in a string; another that calculates the sum of digits from a char array; and a third that finds the smallest and largest elements in an integer array. Each program includes explanations of its functionality and sample outputs demonstrating their use. The overall focus is on basic string and array manipulations in Java.

Uploaded by

anandyadav8191
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Write a Java program to count the letters, spaces, numbers and other

characters of an input string.


java
SOURCE CODE
import java.util.Scanner;

public class CharacterCounter {


public static void main(String[] args) {
// Create a scanner object to get user input
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);

// Prompt the user to enter a string


System.out.print("Enter a string: ");
String input = scanner.nextLine();

// Initialize counters for letters, spaces, numbers, and other characters


int letterCount = 0;
int spaceCount = 0;
int numberCount = 0;
int otherCount = 0;

// Loop through each character in the input string


for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
char ch = input.charAt(i);

// Check if the character is a letter


if (Character.isLetter(ch)) {
letterCount++;
}
// Check if the character is a space
else if (Character.isSpaceChar(ch)) {
spaceCount++;
}
// Check if the character is a number
else if (Character.isDigit(ch)) {
numberCount++;
}
// If it's not a letter, space, or number, it's an "other" character
else {
otherCount++;
}
}

// Print out the results


System.out.println("Letters: " + letterCount);
System.out.println("Spaces: " + spaceCount);
System.out.println("Numbers: " + numberCount);
System.out.println("Other characters: " + otherCount);
}
}

How the program works:

1. The user is prompted to input a string.


2. The program then iterates through each character of the string
using a loop.
3. For each character:
oIt checks if the character is a letter using Character.isLetter().
oIt checks if the character is a space using
Character.isSpaceChar().
o It checks if the character is a digit using Character.isDigit().
o If the character is none of the above, it is classified as "other".
4. Finally, the counts for letters, spaces, numbers, and other
characters are printed.

Sample Output:
yaml
SOURCE CODE
Enter a string: Hello World 123!
Letters: 10
Spaces: 2
Numbers: 3
Other characters: 1

Implement a Java function that calculates the sum of digits for a given
char array consisting of the digits '0' to '9'. The function should return the
digit sum as a long value.
java
SOURCE code
public class DigitSumCalculator {

public static long calculateDigitSum(char[] digitArray) {


long sum = 0;

// Loop through each character in the char array


for (char ch : digitArray) {
// Check if the character is a digit (between '0' and '9')
if (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
// Convert the char to its numeric value and add it to the sum
sum += ch - '0';
} else {
System.out.println("Invalid character found: " + ch);
}
}

return sum;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


// Example char array consisting of digits
char[] digits = {'1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '0'};

// Calculate and print the sum of digits


long result = calculateDigitSum(digits);
System.out.println("The sum of the digits is: " + result);
}
}

Explanation:
1. Function Definition:
o The function calculateDigitSum() takes a char[] (char array) as
input.
o It uses a loop to iterate through each character in the array.
o For each character, it checks if the character is between '0'
and '9' using simple character comparison.
o If the character is a valid digit, it converts it to its numeric
value by subtracting '0' from the character (which gives the
corresponding numeric value of the digit).
o The result is accumulated in the sum variable, which is of type
long to handle large sums.
2. In the main() method:
o An example char[] array is created with the digits '1' to '9' and
'0'.
o The calculateDigitSum() function is called with the array, and the
result is printed.

Sample Output:
python
Copy code
The sum of the digits is: 45

Find the smallest and largest element from the array

public class FindMinMax {

public static void findMinMax(int[] array) {


// Initialize variables to store the smallest and largest element
int smallest = array[0];
int largest = array[0];

// Iterate through the array to find the smallest and largest elements
for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) {
if (array[i] < smallest) {
smallest = array[i];
}
if (array[i] > largest) {
largest = array[i];
}
}

// Print the results


System.out.println("Smallest element: " + smallest);
System.out.println("Largest element: " + largest);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


// Example array
int[] array = {3, 56, 7, 89, 12, 5, -2, 18};

// Call the function to find and print the smallest and largest elements
findMinMax(array);
}
}

Explanation:

1. findMinMax Function:
o This function accepts an integer array as an argument.
o We initialize smallest and largest with the first element of the
array.
o The program loops through the array from the second element
onward. For each element:
 If the element is smaller than the current smallest, we
update smallest.
 If the element is larger than the current largest, we
update largest.
o After completing the loop, the smallest and largest elements
are printed.
2. In the main() method:
o An example array {3, 56, 7, 89, 12, 5, -2, 18} is used.
o The findMinMax function is called to find and display the
smallest and largest elements.

Sample Output:
yaml
Copy code
Smallest element: -2
Largest element: 89

Explanation of Output:

 The smallest element in the array {3, 56, 7, 89, 12, 5, -2, 18} is -2.
 The largest element is 89.

This program will work with any integer array and correctly find the
smallest and largest values. Let me know if you'd like further
modifications!

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