Scribd
Upload
29 views4 pages

LA DE Assignment 2

This document is an assignment from the Indian Institute of Technology Jammu focused on Linear Algebra and Differential Equations. It includes various problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, linear combinations, and independence, along with specific sets and operations to analyze. The assignment is due on January 31, 2024.

Uploaded by

Alien From Mars
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
29 views4 pages

LA DE Assignment 2

This document is an assignment from the Indian Institute of Technology Jammu focused on Linear Algebra and Differential Equations. It includes various problems related to vector spaces, subspaces, linear combinations, and independence, along with specific sets and operations to analyze. The assignment is due on January 31, 2024.

Uploaded by

Alien From Mars
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

MA-1-02 (TO): Linear Algebra and Differential Equations

©Indian Institute of Technology Jammu


Assignment -II
January 19, 2024

1. Determine which of the following sets form vector spaces under the given operations:
(i) The set of all triples of real numbers with the operations

(x, y, z) + (x′ , y ′ , z ′ ) = (x + x′ , y + y ′ , z + z ′ ) and k(x, y, z) = (kx, y, z)

for all k ∈ R and (x, y, z), (x′ , y ′ , z ′ ) ∈ R3


(ii) The set V = {(x1 , x2 ) ∈ R2 : x1 + x2 = 1, 0 ≤ x1 ≤ 1, 0 ≤ x2 ≤ 1} with the
operations

(x1 , x2 ) + (y1 , y2 ) = (x1 + y1 , x2 + y2 ) and r(x1 , x2 ) = (rx1 , rx2 )

for all r ∈ R and (x1 , x2 ), (y1 , y2 ) ∈ V.


(iii) The set V of all positive real numbers with the operations

x + x′ = xx′ and kx = xk

for all k ∈ R and x, x′ ∈ V .


(iv) The set V of all ordered pairs of real numbers with the operations

(x1 , x2 ) + (y1 , y2 ) = (x1 + y1 − 1, x2 + y2 − 1) and r(x1 , x2 ) = (rx1 , rx2 )

for all r ∈ R and (x1 , x2 ), (y1 , y2 ) ∈ V.


(v) The set V of all ordered triples of complex numbers with the usual vector addition
but with scalar multiplication defined by

k(x, y, z) = (k 2 x, k 2 y, k 2 z)

for all k ∈ C and (x, y, z) ∈ V .


 
a 1
(vi) The set V of all 2×2 matrices of the form over R with the usual
1 b
matrix addition and scalar multiplication.
(vii) The set V = {f ∈ C(R) : ∃ p ∈ N, f (x + p) = f (x), ∀ x ∈ R}. Does V form a
vector space under the usual addition and scalar multiplication of C(R), the set of
all continuous functions over R?

1
2. Determine which of the following subsets are the subspaces of the given vector spaces:
(i) All vectors of the form (a, b, c), with b = a + c in R3 .
(ii) All matrices with A = AT in Mn×n (R), where Mn×n (R) is the vector space of
all n × n matrices over R.
 
a b
(iii) All matrices of the form with a + d = 0 in Mn×n (R).
c d
(iv) All matrices with det(A) = 0 in Mn×n (R).
(v) All vectors of the form (a, b, c), where ab = 0, in R3 .
(vi) All vectors of the form (a, b, c), with a3 = b3 in R3 .

3. Let W1 , W2 be two subspaces of a vector space V .


T
(a) Show that W1 W2 is a subspace of V .
(b) Prove that the union of two subspaces of V is a subspace of V if and only if
one of the subspaces is contained in the other.

4. If b ∈ R, then

{(x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) ∈ R4 : x3 = 5x4 + b}

is a subspace of R4 iff b = 0.

5. Let V be the vector space of all n × n matrices over R under standard operations.
Which of the following sets of matrices A in V are subspaces of V ?

a) all invertible A;
b) all non-invertible (i.e. singular) A;
c) all A such that AB = BA, where B is some fixed matrix in V.

6. Determine which of the following sets are subspaces of P3 , the vector space of all
polynomials in one variable with real coefficients of degree ≤ 3:

(a) All polynomials of the form a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 where a1 = a2 .


(b) All polynomials of the form a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 where a0 = 0.
(c) All polynomials of the form a0 + a1 x + a2 x2 + a3 x3 where a0 , a1 , a2 , and a3 are
integers.
(d) All polynomials of the form a0 + a1 x, where a0 and a1 are real numbers.

2
7. Show that the set of continuous functions f = f (x) on a closed interval [a, b] such
that Z b
f (x) dx = 0
a
is a subspace of C ([a, b]), the vector space of all real-valued continuous functions on
the closed interval [a, b] with the usual operations.

8. Let V be a vector space. Suppose that S is a non-empty finite subset of V . Show


the following.

(a) If S is linearly independent, then any non-empty subset of S is also linearly


independent.
(b) If S is linearly dependent, and v is a vector that is not is S, then the set S ∪ {v}
is also linearly dependent.

9. In the following, show that {p1 , p2 , p3 } is a basis of P2 , and express p as a linear


combination of these basis vectors.

(a) p1 = 1 − 2x + x2 , p2 = 3 + 7x, p3 = 2 + 3x − x2 , p = 6x.


(b) p1 = 1 − x + x2 , p2 = x − x2 , p3 = x, p = 7 − x + 2x2 .

Must a basis B for Pn contain a polynomial of degree k for each k = 0, . . . , n? Justify


your answer.

10. Which of the following are linear combinations of the vectors u = (1, −1, 3) and
v = (2, 4, 0):
(i) (3, 3, 3), (ii) (0, 0, 0).

11. (a) In the vector space R3 , let u1 = (1, 2, 1), u2 = (3, 1, 5), u3 = (3, −4, 7). Then
show that span{u1 , u2 } = span{u1 , u2 , u3 }.
(b) Let S = {v1 , v2 , v3 , v4 } spans a vector space V . Show that the set {v1 − v2 , v2 −
v3 , v3 − v4 , v4 } also spans V .

12. Determine which of the following sets are linearly independent:

(a) {(4, −4, 8, 0), (2, 2, 4, 0), (6, 0, 0, 2), (6, 3, −3, 0)} in R4 .
(b) {t3 − 5t2 − 2t + 3, t3 − 4t2 − 3t + 4, 2t3 − 7t2 − 7t + 9} in P3 , where P3 is the set
of polynomials over R with degree at most 3.
(c) {1 + i, 1 − i} in C.

13. Determine which of the following sets form a basis of the respective vector spaces
and justify your answer:

3
(a) {4t2 − 2t + 3, 6t2 − t + 4, 8t2 − 8t + 7} of P2 , the vector space of polynomials of
degree at most 2.
(b) Let V be a real vector space with {u, v, w} as a basis. Check whether {u + v +
w, v + w, w} is also a basis of V .
       
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
(c) , , , for M2×2 (R), the vector space
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
of all 2 × 2 matrices over R.

14. If U = span({(1, 2, 1), (2, 1, 3)}), W = span({(1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 1)}), show that U and
W are subspaces of R3 .

Due date: January 31, 2024.

You might also like