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Arabic Grammar Notes

The document explains the types of plurals in Arabic, including Sound Masculine Plural, Sound Feminine Plural, and Broken Plural, along with their formation rules and examples. It also covers Active and Passive Participles, detailing their definitions, formation from verbs, and providing example sentences. A quick comparison table summarizes the key concepts of Active and Passive Participles.

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4 views2 pages

Arabic Grammar Notes

The document explains the types of plurals in Arabic, including Sound Masculine Plural, Sound Feminine Plural, and Broken Plural, along with their formation rules and examples. It also covers Active and Passive Participles, detailing their definitions, formation from verbs, and providing example sentences. A quick comparison table summarizes the key concepts of Active and Passive Participles.

Uploaded by

eman.nabeel2323
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Plurals, Active & Passive Participle

1. Types of Plurals (‫)أقسام الجمع‬


a) Sound Masculine Plural (‫)جمع مذكر سالم‬
Formed by adding َ‫( ون‬-ūn)َinَnominativeَorََ‫( ين‬-īn)َinَaccusative/genitiveَtoَtheَsingular.
Used for male human professions or adjectives.

Examples:
- ‫( معلّم‬muʿallim)َ→َ‫( معلّمون‬muʿallimūn)َ/َ‫( معلّمين‬muʿallimīn)َ→َ'Teacher →َTeachers'
- ‫( مهندس‬muhandis) →َ‫( مهندسون‬muhandisūn)َ/َ‫( مهندسين‬muhandisīn)َ→َ'Engineer →َ
Engineers'

b) Sound Feminine Plural (‫)جمع مؤنث سالم‬


Formed by adding ‫( ات‬-āt)َtoَtheَsingular.
Used for female human nouns, some adjectives, and non-human things.

Examples:
- ‫( معلّمة‬muʿallima)َ→َ‫( معلّمات‬muʿallimāt)َ→َ'Female teacher →َFemale teachers'
- ‫( جامعة‬jāmiʿa)َ→َ‫( جامعات‬jāmiʿāt)َ→َ'University →َUniversities'

c) Broken Plural (‫)جمع تكسير‬


Irregular plural that changes the internal structure of the singular noun.
Common in Arabic for objects and animals.

Examples:
- ‫( كتاب‬kitāb)َ→َ‫( كتب‬kutub) →َ'Book →َBooks'
- ‫( رجل‬rajul) →َ‫( رجال‬rijāl)َ→َ'Man →َMen'
- ‫( مدينة‬madīna)َ→َ‫( مدن‬mudun) →َ'City →َCities'

2. Active Participle (‫)اسم فاعل‬


Refers to the doer of an action (like 'writer' from 'write').
Derived from the verb (‫ فعل‬- faʿala)َandَusuallyَfollowsَtheَpatternَ‫( فاعل‬fāʿil).

Formation:
- From triliteral verbs (3 letters): ‫( فاعل‬fāʿil)
- ‫( كتب‬kataba) →َ‫( كاتب‬kātib)َ→َ'He wrote →َWriter'
- ‫( درس‬darasa) →َ‫( دارس‬dāris)َ→َ'He studied →َStudent'

- From quadrilateral verbs (4+ letters): Replace ‫( مضارع‬present tense) ‫ ي‬with َ‫( م‬mu) and
change vowel pattern.
- ‫( أكرم‬akrama) →َ‫( مكرم‬mukrim) →َ'He honored →َOne who honors'
Examples in Sentences:
- ‫الطالب كاتب الدرس‬. (al-ṭālibَkātibَal-dars) →َ'The student is writing the lesson.'
- ‫المعلم شارح الدرس‬. (al-muʿallimَshāriḥ al-dars) →َ'The teacher is explaining the lesson.'

3. Passive Participle (‫)اسم مفعول‬


Refers to the receiver of the action (like 'written' from 'write').
Derived from the verb (‫ فعل‬- faʿala)َandَusuallyَfollowsَtheَpatternَ‫( مفعول‬mafʿūl).

Formation:
- From triliteral verbs: Replace vowels to fit the pattern ‫( مفعول‬mafʿūl)
- ‫( كتب‬kataba) →َ‫( مكتوب‬maktūb)َ→َ'He wrote →َWritten'
- ‫( درس‬darasa) →َ‫( مدروس‬madrūs)َ→َ'He studied →َStudied'

- From quadrilateral verbs: Replace ‫( مضارع‬present tense) ‫ ي‬with َ‫( م‬mu) and change
vowels.
- ‫( أكرم‬akrama) →َ‫( مكرم‬mukram) →َ'He honored →َHonored'

Examples in Sentences:
- ‫الرسالة مكتوبة‬. (al-risālaَmaktūba)َ→َ'The letter is written.'
- ‫الدرس مفهوم‬. (al-darsَmafhūm)َ→َ'The lesson is understood.'

Quick Comparison Table


Concept Meaning Formation Example
‫( اسم فاعل‬Active Doer of the action ‫( فاعل‬fāʿil)َpattern ‫( كاتب‬kātib)َ→َ
Participle) "Writer"
‫( اسم مفعول‬Passive Receiver of the ‫( مفعول‬mafʿūl)َ ‫( مكتوب‬maktūb)َ→َ
Participle) action pattern "Written"

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