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Experiment No 7 Xi

The experiment aims to investigate the relationship between the frequency and length of a wire under constant tension using a sonometer. The procedure involves setting up the sonometer, using tuning forks to find resonant lengths, and plotting graphs to analyze the frequency and length data. Results indicate that the product of frequency and length remains constant, with precautions and potential sources of error noted in the experiment.

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97 views3 pages

Experiment No 7 Xi

The experiment aims to investigate the relationship between the frequency and length of a wire under constant tension using a sonometer. The procedure involves setting up the sonometer, using tuning forks to find resonant lengths, and plotting graphs to analyze the frequency and length data. Results indicate that the product of frequency and length remains constant, with precautions and potential sources of error noted in the experiment.

Uploaded by

yagemo5277
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT NO 7

SONOMETER
AIM

To study the relation between frequency and length of a given wire under constant tension using
a sonometer.

APPARATUS AND MATERIAL REQUIRED

Sonometer, six tuning forks of known frequencies, metre scale, rubber pad, paper rider, hanger
with half kilogram weights, wooden bridges.

PRINCIPLE

The frequency n of the fundamental mode of vibration of a string is given by

n = 1/2l x ( T / m) ½
where m = mass per unit length of the string
l = length of the string between the wedges

T = Tension in the string (including the weight of the hanger) = Mg


M = mass suspended, including the mass of the hanger
(a) For a given m and fixed T,
nα l
or n l = constant

. (b) If frequency n is constant, for a given wire (m is constant) √T/ l is constant.


That is l 2 ∝T.

PROCEDURE

1. Set up the sonometer on the table and clean the groove on the pulley to ensure that it has
minimum friction. Stretch the wire by placing a suitable load on the hanger.
2. Set a tuning fork of frequency n1 into vibrations by striking it against the rubber pad and hold
it near one of your ears. Pluck the sonometer wire and compare the two sounds, one produced
by the tuning fork and the other by the plucked wire. Make a note of the difference between the
two sounds.
3. Adjust the vibrating length of the wire by sliding the bridge B till the two sounds appear alike.
4. For final adjustment, place a small paper rider R in the middle of wire AB. Sound the tuning
fork and place its shank stem on the bridge A or on the sonometer box. Slowly adjust the
position of bridge B till the paper rider is agitated violently, which indicates resonance. The
length of the wire between A and B is the resonant length such that its frequency of vibration of
the fundamental mode equals the frequency of the tuning fork. Measure this length with the help
of a metre scale.
5. Repeat the above procedures for other five tuning forks keeping the load on the hanger
unchanged. Plot a graph between n and l
6. After calculating frequency, n of each tuning fork, plot a graph between n and 1/l where l is
the resonating length

RESULT

The product n l is found to be constant

PRECAUTIONS

1. Pulley should be frictionless ideally. In practice friction at the pulley should be minimized by
applying grease or oil on it.
2. Wire should be free from kinks and of uniform cross section, ideally. If there are kinks, they
should be removed by stretching as far as possible.
3. Bridges should be perpendicular to the wire, it's height should be adjusted so that a node is
formed at the bridge.
4. Tuning fork should be vibrated by striking its prongs against a soft rubber pad. 5. Load
should be removed after the experiment.

SOURCES OF ERROR

1. Pulley may not be frictionless.


2. Wire may not be rigid and of uniform cross section. 3. Bridges may not be sharp
OBSERVATIONS

Tension (constant) on the wire


(weight suspended from the hanger including its own weight) T = ... N

Variation of frequency with length

Frequency n of tuning fork (Hz n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6

Resonating length l (cm)

nl (Hz cm)

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