APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

Modular Arithmetic
In a clock, we use the numbers 1 to 12 to represent the time period of 24
hours. How is it possible to represent the 24 hours of a day in a 12 number
format? We use 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 and after 12, we use 1 instead
of 13 and 2 instead of 14 and so on. That is after 12 we again start from 1, 2,
3,... In this system the numbers wrap around 1 to 12. This type of wrapping
around after hitting some value is called Modular Arithmetic.

In Mathematics, modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers

where numbers wrap around a certain value. Unlike normal arithmetic,
Modular Arithmetic process cyclically. The ideas of Modular arithmetic was

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
developed by great German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss, who is hailed
as the “Prince of mathematicians”.

Examples
1. The day and night change repeatedly.
2. The days of a week occur cyclically from Sunday to Saturday.
3. The life cycle of a plant.
4. The seasons of a year change cyclically. (Summer, Autumn, Winter, Spring)
5. The railway and aeroplane timings also work cyclically. The railway time
starts at 00:00 and continue. After reaching 23:59, the next minute will
become 00:00 instead of 24:00

1. Congruence Modulo
Two integers a and b are congruence modulo n if they differ by an integer
multipleof n. That b − a = kn for some integer k. This can also be written as a ≡
b (mod n).
Here the number n is called modulus. In other words a ≡ b (mod n) means a -
b is divisible by n.
For example, 61 ≡ 5 (mod 7) because 61 – 5 = 56 is divisible by 7.
Note

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
When a positive integer is divided by n, then the possible remainders are 0, 1,
2, . . . ,n - 1.
Thus, when we work with modulo n, we replace all the numbers by their
remainders upon division by n, given by 0,1,2,3,..., n – 1

Two illustrations are provided to understand modulo concept more clearly.

Theorem
a, b, c and d are integers and m is a positive integer such that if a ≡ b(mod m)
and c ≡ d (mod m) then
(i) (a + c) ≡ (b + d) (mod m)
(ii) (a − c) ≡ (b − d) (mod m)
(iii) (a ×c) ≡ (b ×d) (mod m)

Illustrations
If 17≡4 (mod 13) and 42≡3 (mod 13) then from theorem 5,
(i) 17 + 42 ≡ 4 + 3 (mod 13)
59 7 ≡ (mod 13)
(ii) 17 - 42 ≡ 4 − 3 (mod 13)
-25 ≡ 1 (mod 13)
(iii) 17 × 42 ≡ 4 × 3 (mod 13)
714 ≡ 12 (mod 13)

Theorem
If a≡b (mod m) then
(i) ac ≡ bc (mod m)

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
(ii) a ± c ≡ b ± c(mod m) for any integer c

Example
Find the remainders when 70004 and 778 is divided by 7.
Solution
Since 70000 is divisible by 7
70000 ≡ 0 (mod 7)
70000 + 4≡ 0 + 4 (mod 7)
70004 ≡ 4 (mod 7)
Therefore, the remainder when 70004 is divided by 7 is 4
Since 777 is divisible by 7
777 ≡ 0 (mod 7)
777 + 1 ≡ 0 + 1 (mod 7)
778 ≡ 1 (mod 7)
Therefore, the remainder when 778 is divided by 7 is 1.

Example
Determine the value of d such that 15 ≡ 3 (mod d).
Solution
15 ≡ 3 (mod d) means 15 − 3 = kd, for some integer k.
12 = kd.
gives d divides 12.
The divisors of 12 are 1,2,3,4,6,12. But d should be larger than 3 and so the
possible values for d are 4,6,12.

Example
Find the least positive value of x such that

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
(i) 67 + x ≡ 1 (mod 4)
(ii) 98 ≡ (x + 4) (mod 5)
Solution
(i) 67 + x ≡ 1 (mod 4)
67 + x – 1 = 4n , for some integer n
66 + x = 4n
66 + x is a multiple of 4.
Therefore, the least positive value of x must be 2, since 68 is the nearest
multiple of 4 more than 66.
(ii) 98 ≡ (x + 4) (mod 5)
98 − (x + 4) = 5n , for some integer n.
94 - x = 5n
94 - x is a multiple of 5.
Therefore, the least positive value of x must be 4
Since 94 − 4 = 90 is the nearest multiple of 5 less than 94.

Note
While solving congruent equations, we get infinitely many solutions compared
to finite number of solutions in solving a polynomial equation in Algebra

Example
Solve 8x ≡ 1 (mod 11)

Solution
8x ≡ 1 (mod 11) can be written as 8x − 1 = 11k, for some integer k.
x = (11k + 1) / 8
When we put k = 5, 13, 21, 29,... then 11k+1 is divisible by 8.

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
x = = (11× 5 + 1) /8= 7
= (11 × 13 + 1)/8 = 18
Therefore, the solutions are 7,18,29,40, …

Example
Compute x, such that 104 ≡ x (mod 19)
Solution
102 = 100 ≡ 5 (mod 19)
104 = (102 )2 ≡ 52 (mod 19)
104 ≡ 25 104 ≡ 25
104 ≡ 6 (mod 19) (since 25 º 6(mod 19))
Therefore, x = 6.

Example
Find the number of integer solutions of 3x ≡ 1 (mod 15).

Solution
3x ≡ 1 (mod 15) can be written as
3x − 1 = 15k for some integer k
3x = 15k + 1
x = [15k + 1] / 3
x = 5k + 1/3
Since 5k is an integer, 5k + (1/3) cannot be an integer.
So there is no integer solution.

Example

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
A man starts his journey from Chennai to Delhi by train. He starts at 22.30
hours on Wednesday. If it takes 32 hours of travelling time and assuming that
the train is not late, when will he reach Delhi?

Solution
Starting time 22.30, Travelling time 32 hours. Here we use modulo 24.
The reaching time is
22.30+32 (mod 24) ≡ 54.30 (mod24)
≡ 6.30 (mod24)
(Since 32 = (1×24) + 8 Thursday Friday)
Thus, he will reach Delhi on Friday at 6.30 hours.

Example
Kala and Vani are friends. Kala says, “Today is my birthday” and she asks Vani,
“When will you celebrate your birthday?” Vani replies, “Today is Monday and I
celebrated my birthday 75 days ago”. Find the day when Vani celebrated her
birthday.

Solution
Let us associate the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 to represent the weekdays from
Sunday to Saturday respectively.
Vani says today is Monday. So the number for Monday is 1. Since Vani’s
birthday was 75 days ago, we have to subtract 75 from 1 and take the modulo
7, since a week contain 7 days.
–74 (mod 7) ≡ –4 (mod 7) ≡ 7–4 (mod 7) ≡ 3 (mod 7)
(Since, −74 – 3 = −77 is divisible by 7)
Thus, 1 − 75 ≡ 3 (mod 7)
The day for the number 3 is Wednesday.
Therefore, Vani’s birthday must be on Wednesday.

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

PRACTICE QUESTIONS (VERY IMP) (Fully Solved)

1. Find the least positive value of x such that

(i) 71 ≡ x (mod 8)
(ii) 78 + x ≡ 3 (mod 5)
(iii) 89 ≡ (x + 3) (mod 4)
(iv) 96 ≡ x/7(mod 5)
(v) 5x ≡ 4(mod 6)

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

2. If x is congruent to 13 modulo 17 then 7x - 3 is congruent to which number

modulo 17?

3. Solve 5x ≡ 4 (mod 6)

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

4. Solve 3x − 2 ≡ 0 (mod 11)

5. What is the time 100 hours after 7 a.m.?

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

6. What is the time 15 hours before 11 p.m.?

7. Today is Tuesday. My uncle will come after 45 days. In which day my uncle
will be coming?

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

8. Prove that 2n + 6 × 9n is always divisible by 7 for any positive integer n.

9. Find the remainder when 281 is divided by 17.

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

10. The duration of flight travel from Chennai to London through British
Airlines is approximately 11 hours. The airplane begins its journey on Sunday
at 23:30 hours. If the time at Chennai is four and half hours ahead to that of
London’s time, then find the time at London, when will the flight lands at
London Airport.

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

Answers:
1.(i) 7 (ii) 5 (iii) 2 (iv) 7 (v) 2
2. 3
3. 2,8,14,…
4. 8, 19, 30, …
5. 11 a.m
6. 8 p.m
7. Friday
9. 2
10. 6 am, Monday

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1

MIXTURE and ALLIGATION (Practice Questions)

Question 1: In what proportion must tea at Rs. 7.50 per kg be mixed with
tea at Rs. 10.50 per kg to produce a mixture worth Rs. 8.50 per kg?
[A] 1 : 2
[B] 2 : 1
[C] 1 : 1
[D] 2 : 3

Question 2: Metal A costs Rs. 8.40 per gm and Metal B Rs. 0.21 per gm.
In what proportion must these metals be mixed so that gram of the mixture
may be worth Rs. 5.67?
[A] 1 : 2
[B] 1 : 3
[C] 2 : 1
[D] 2 : 3

Question 3: A 15-litre mixture contains 20% alcohol and the rest water. If 3
litres of water is mixed in it, then the percentage of alcohol in the new

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
mixture will be
[A] 17%
[B]
[C]
[D] 15%

Question 4: A mixture of 20 kg of water and spirit contains 10% water.

How much water must be added to this mixture to raise the percentage of
water to 25%?
[A] 4 kg
[B] 5 kg
[C] 8 kg
[D] 30 kg

Question 5: A sum of money is sufficient to pay Sachin’s salary of 45 days

and kale’s salary for 60 days. For how many days can the sum pay the
salary of both?
[A] 25 days
[B] 280/11 days
[C] 180/7 days
[D] 270/11 days

Question 6: A grocer buys two kinds of rice at Rs. 1.80 and Rs. 1.20 per
kg respectively. In what proportion should these be mixed, so that by
selling the mixture at Rs. 1.75 per kg 25% may be gained?
[A] 2 : 1
[B] 3 : 2
[C] 3 : 4
[D] 1 : 2

Question 7: A and B are two alloys of iron and silver prepared by mixing
metals in the ratio 4 : 5 and 7 : 5 respectively. If equal quantities of alloys
are melted to form a third alloy C, the ratio of iron to silver in C is
[A] 37 : 35
[B] 19 : 18
[C] 31 : 25
[D] 29 : 35

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
Question 8: The ratio of milk and water in 66 kg of adultered milk is 5 : 1.
Water is added to make the ratio 5 : 3. The quantity of water added is
[A] 22 kg
[B] 24.7 5kg
[C] 16.50 kg
[D] 20 kg

Question 9: Mixture of alcohol and water contains 35% of alcohol by

volume. Then, 40 ml of water is added to such a mixture of 100 ml. The
percentage of alcohol in the new mixture is
[A] 30%
[B] 35%
[C] 25%
[D] 20%

Question 10: A mixture, 729 ml in volume, contains milk and water in the
ratio 7: 2. How much more water is to be added to get a new mixture
containing milk and water in the ratio 7: 3?
[A] 600 ml
[B] 710 ml
[C] 520 ml
[D] None of these

Question 11: A mixture of 24 litres contains water and milk in the ratio 3: 5.
How much water must be added to this mixture to reverse the ratio?
[A] 20 litres
[B] 24 litres
[C] 18 litres
[D] 16 litres

Question 12: A trader mixes two varieties of tea costing Rs 40 per kg and
rupees 50 per kg in the ratio 5: 4. If the mixture is sold at rupees 48 per kg
question, then what is the gain percentage?
[A] 7.5 %
[B] 8%
[C] 2.5 %
[D] 5%

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
Question 13: Two containers of equal volume contains milk and water in
the ratio 3: 5 and 5: 3, respectively. If the contents of both containers are
emptied into a third one, what would be the ratio of milk to water in that
container?
[A] 1: 1
[B] 9: 25
[C] 25: 9
[D] None of these

Question 14: From two ornament Weighing 18 gram and 24 gram

containing gold and silver in the ratio of 2: 1 and 5: 1 respectively, a new
ornament is made. What is the amount of gold in the new ornament?
[A] 10 gram
[B] 12 gram
[C] 32 gram
[D] 28 gram

Question 15: A and B are two alloys of gold and copper prepared by
mixing metals in proportions 5: 3 and 5: 11 respectively. If equal quantities
of this alloys are melted to a third alloy C, what would be the proportion of
gold and copper in the alloys thus formed?
[A] 25: 33
[B] 33: 25
[C] 15: 17
[D] 17: 15

ANSWERS
1. Option: B

Solution :

Using the formula of alligation,

required ratio =2: 1

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
2. Option: C

Solution :

Using the formula of alligation,

required ratio= 2: 1

3. Option: B

Solution :

Initially, the mixture contains 3 litres of alcohol and 12 litres of water. Afterwards, the
mixture contains 3 litres of alcohol and 15 litres of water.

percentage of alcohol .

4. Option: A

Solution :

Water

In the second mixture:

75 kg spirit is contained in a mixture of 100 kg

18 kg spirit is contained in a mixture of .

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
So, water to be added=24-20=4 kg

5. Option: C

Solution :

Sachin's salary for one day = 1/45th of the sum of money.

For kale's salary for one day = 1/60 of the sum of money.

=> (Sachin + kale)'s salary for one day= 1/45+1/60=7/180th of the sum.

Hence, when they both work together, the sun will last for 180/7 days.

6. Option: D

Solution :

S.P. Of 1 kg mixture = Rs. 1.75, gain= 25%.

Mean price= Rs.

(Dearer price) : (cheaper price)=20:40=1:2.

7. Option: A

Solution :

In alloy A, the ratio of iron to Silver=4:5, 5+4=9

In alloy B, the ratio of iron to Silver=7:5, 7+5=12, as the amount to be mixed.

So take the LCM of 9 and 12. hence, we mix 36 gm of A and 36 gm of B.

(the reason for choosing LCM as the amount is to simplify calculations.)

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
For a: amount of iron= And amount of silver=

For B: amount of iron= And amount of silver=

Hence, Total amount of iron=16+21=37

Total amount of silver=20+15=35

Hence, Final ratio of iron to Silver in the mix of two alloys= 37:35

Shortcut: Required ratio is

8. Option: A

Solution :

In the first mixture

Milk=

Water=11kg

In the second mixture

If milk is 55kg, then water

Water to be added= 55-33=22kg

9. Option: C

Solution :

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
Here percentage alcohol in the mixture is to be found out. So, the quantity of alcohol
is kept as numerator

(since 40 ml water is added

Quantity of mixture=100+40).

% alcohol

the mixture contains 20% alcohol.

10. Option: D

Solution :

Milk

Water=729-167=162 ml.

Let X ml of water be added

11. Option: D

Solution :

let X litre of water be added, initial quantity of water 3/8 x 24 = 9.

X=16 litres.

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
12. Option: B

Solution :

let the quantities of two varieties of tea be "5X" kg and "4X" kg respectively.

Thus, cost price ..… (1)

and sales price ….. (2)

Profit=(2)-(1)=Rs. 32x

profit %

13. Option: A

Solution :

Let the volume of both the container b x units each. Thus, the first container would

contain units of milk and units of water, whereas the second container

would contain units of milk and units of water. When the content of both
are empty into a third one it would have,

Milk …(1)

And water ….(2)

Thus, the required ratio .

14. Option: C

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
Solution :

from the first ornament, gold

From the second ornament gold

Thus, total gold=32 gm.

15. Option: C

Solution :

required proportion of gold and silver is

Boats and Streams

1. A boat can travel with a speed of 13 km/hr in still water. If the speed of the stream is 4 km/hr,
find the time taken by the boat to go 68 km downstream.
A
2 hours
.

B
3 hours
.

C
4 hours
.

D
5 hours
.

2. A man's speed with the current is 15 km/hr and the speed of the current is 2.5 km/hr. The
man's speed against the current is:
A 8.5 km/hr

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
.

B
9 km/hr
.

C
10 km/hr
.

D
12.5 km/hr
.

3. A boat running upstream takes 8 hours 48 minutes to cover a certain distance, while it takes
4 hours to cover the same distance running downstream. What is the ratio between the
speed of the boat and speed of the water current respectively?
A
2:1
.

B
3:2
.

C
8:3
.

D
Cannot be determined
.

E. None of these

4. A motorboat, whose speed in 15 km/hr in still water goes 30 km downstream and comes
back in a total of 4 hours 30 minutes. The speed of the stream (in km/hr) is:
A
4
.

B
5
.

C
6
.

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
D
10
.

5. In one hour, a boat goes 11 km/hr along the stream and 5 km/hr against the stream. The
speed of the boat in still water (in km/hr) is:
A
3 km/hr
.

B
5 km/hr
.

C
8 km/hr
.

D
9 km/hr
.

6. A boat running downstream covers a distance of 16 km in 2 hours while for covering the
same distance upstream, it takes 4 hours. What is the speed of the boat in still water?
A
4 km/hr
.

B
6 km/hr
.

C
8 km/hr
.

D
Data inadequate
.

7. The speed of a boat in still water in 15 km/hr and the rate of current is 3 km/hr. The distance
travelled downstream in 12 minutes is:
A
1.2 km
.

B
1.8 km
.

C 2.4 km

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
.

D
3.6 km
.

8. A boat takes 90 minutes less to travel 36 miles downstream than to travel the same distance
upstream. If the speed of the boat in still water is 10 mph, the speed of the stream is:
A
2 mph
.

B
2.5 mph
.

C
3 mph
.

D
4 mph
.

9. A man can row at 5 kmph in still water. If the velocity of current is 1 kmph and it takes him 1
hour to row to a place and come back, how far is the place?
A
2.4 km
.

B
2.5 km
.

C
3 km
.

D
3.6 km
.

10.
A boat covers a certain distance downstream in 1 hour, while it comes back in 1 hours. If
the speed of the stream be 3 kmph, what is the speed of the boat in still water?
A
12 kmph
.

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
B
13 kmph
.

C
14 kmph
.

D
15 kmph
.

E. None of these

11. A boatman goes 2 km against the current of the stream in 1 hour and goes 1 km along the
current in 10 minutes. How long will it take to go 5 km in stationary water?
A
40 minutes
.

B
1 hour
.

C
1 hr 15 min
.

D
1 hr 30 min
.

12.
A man can row three-quarters of a kilometre against the stream in 11 minutes and down

the stream in 7 minutes. The speed (in km/hr) of the man in still water is:
A
2
.

B
3
.

C
4
.

D
5
.

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
13. Speed of a boat in standing water is 9 kmph and the speed of the stream is 1.5 kmph. A man
rows to a place at a distance of 105 km and comes back to the starting point. The total time
taken by him is:
A
16 hours
.

B
18 hours
.

C
20 hours
.

D
24 hours
.

14. A man takes twice as long to row a distance against the stream as to row the same distance
in favour of the stream. The ratio of the speed of the boat (in still water) and the stream is:
A
2:1
.

B
3:1
.

C
3:2
.

D
4:3
.

15. A man rows to a place 48 km distant and come back in 14 hours. He finds that he can row 4
km with the stream in the same time as 3 km against the stream. The rate of the stream is:
A
1 km/hr
.

B
1.5 km/hr
.

C
2 km/hr
.

D 2.5 km/hr

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
.

ANSWERS
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. A
10. D
11. C
12. D
13. D
14. B
15. A
Pipes and Cisterns
Q.1.Pipe M and N running together can fill a cistern in 6 minutes. If M
takes 5 minutes less than N to fill the cistern, then the time in which N
alone can fill the cistern will be
a) 15 min

b) 10 min

c) 30 min

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
d) 25 min

Q.2. A cistern normally takes 10 hours to be filled by a tap but because of

one open outlet pipe, it takes 5 hours more. In how many hours will the
outlet pipe will empty a full cistern?
a) 20 hours

b) 24 hours

c) 30 hours

d) None of these

Q.3. Two pipes can fill a tank in 12 and 20 hours respectively. The pipes are
opened simultaneously and it is found that due to leakage in the bottom, 30
minutes extra are taken for the cistern to be filled up. If the cistern is full, in what
time would the leak empty it?

a) 120 hrs

b) 100 hrs

c) 115 hrs

d) 112 hrs

Q.4.Two pipes P and Q can fill a cistern in 36 and 48 minutes respectively.

Both pipes are opened together, after how many minutes should Q be
turned off,so that the cistern be fill in 24 minutes?
a) 6 min

b) 16 min

c) 10 min

d) 12 min

Q.5.Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 20 and 16 hours respectively. Pipe
B alone is kept open for 1/4 of time and both pipes are kept open for
remaining time. In how many hours, the tank will be full?

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
a) 18 1/3 hrs

b) 20 hrs

c) 10 hrs

d) 12 1/4 hrs

Q.6.Two taps M and N can separately fill a cistern in 30 and 20 minutes

respectively. They started to fill a cistern together but tap A is turned off
after few minutes and tap B fills the rest part of cistern in 5 minutes. After
how many minutes was tap M turned-off?
a) 9 min

b) 10 min

c) 12 mi

d) None of these

Q7.Three fill pipes A, B and C can fill separately a cistern in 12, 16 and 20
minutes respectively. A was opened first. After 2 minute, B was opened
and after 2 minutes from the start of B, C was also opened. Find the time
when the cistern will be full after opening of C?
a) 3 21/47 min

b) 4 1/2 min

c) 3 9 15/16 min

d) None of these
Q8.A cistern filled in 20 hours by three pipes A, B and C. The pipe C is
twice as fast as B and B is thrice as fast as A. How much time will pipe A
alone take to fill the tank?
a) 200 hrs

b) 205 hrs

c) 352 hrs

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
d) Cannot be determined

Q9.Three taps P,Q and R can fill a tank in 10,20 and 30hours respectively.
If P is open all the time and Q and R are open for one hour each
alternately, then the tank will be full in :
a) 6 hrs

b) 6.5 hrs

c) 7 hrs

d) 7.5 hrs
Q10.A tank has a leak which would empty it in 10 hours,a tap is turned on which
admits 4 litre a minute into the tank and now it emptied in 12 hours.The capacity
of the tank is:

a) 648 litres

b) 1440 litres

c) 1200 litres

d) 1800 litres

ANSWERS
1. Option A
Explanation: Let pipe M fills the cistern in x minutes.
Therefore, pipe N will fill the cistern in (x+5) minutes.
Now, 1/x + 1/(x+5) = 1/6 → x = 10
Thus, the pipe M can fill in 10 minutes, so N can fill in 10+5 =15 minutes.

2. Option C
Explanation: As cistern is filled in 10 hours, therefore in 1 hour, filled part →
1/10th
Now, due to outlet pipe, filled part in 1 hour = 1/15th
Part of the cistern emptied, due to leakage in 1 hour = 1/10 - 1/15 = 1/30th
Therefore the leak will empty the full cistern in 30 hrs.

3. Option A
Explanation: Cistern filled by both pipes in one hour = 1/12+1/20=2/15th
Therefore both pipes filled the cistern in 15/2hrs.

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
Now, due to leakage both pipes filled the cistern in 15/2+30/60=8hrs.
Therefore Due to leakage, filled part in one hour = 1/8
Therefore part of cistern emptied, due to leakage in one hour = 2/15-1/8=

∴ In 120 hrs, the leak would empty the cistern.

1/120th

4. Option B
Explanation: P can fill the cistern in 36 minutes,so in 1 min, P can fill the cistern
= 1/36th part
In 24 min, P can fill the cistern = 24/36 = 2/3rd. Remaining part = 1- 2/3 = 1/3rd
As Q can fill full cistern in 48 minutes,so it will fill
1/3rd part in 16 minutes.

5. Option C

⇒ x/16+3x/80 = 1⇒ x= 11=10 hours.

Explanation: Let the required time be x hours, then

6. Option A
Explanation: Let M was turned off after x min. Then, cistern filled by M in x min

filled by N in (x+5) min = 1 ⇒ x/30 + (x+5)/20 = 1 ⇒ 5x+15=60 ⇒ x = 9 min.

+ cistern

7. Option A
Explanation: Let cistern will be full in x min. Then part filled by A in x min +
part filled by

⇒ x/12 + (x-2)/16 + (x-4)/20 = 1 ⇒ 47x - 78 = 240⇒ x = 162/47 = 321/47 min

B in (x-2) min + part filled by C in (x-4) min = 1

8. Option A
Explanation: Suppose pipe A alone takes x hours to fill the tank.

Therefore 1/x + 3/x + 6/x= 1/20 ⇒ 10/x = 1/20 ⇒ x = 200hrs

Then pipes B and C will take x/3 and x/6 hours respectively to fill the tank.

9. Option C
Explanation: (P+Q)’s 1 hour’s work = (1/10+1/20) = 3/20
(A+C)’s 1 hour’s work = (1/10+1/30) = 2/15
Part filled in 2 hrs = (3/20+2/15) = 17/60
Part filled in 6 hrs = (3×17/60) = 17/20
Remaining Part = (1-17/20) = 3/20
Now, it is the turn of P and Q and 3/20 part is filled by P and Q in 1 hour.
Therefore, Total time taken to fill the tank = (6+1) hrs = 7 hrs

10. Option B
Explanation: Let speed of the bike be x km/hr. Let speed of the electric car be y

∴ 200/x + 600/y = 10 ∴ 300/x + 500/y = 11

km/hr

By- RAHUL DHAKAD

 APPLIED MATHS GRADE 12 CHAPTER- 1
Part filled in 1 hour
= (1/10-1/12) = 1/60
Time taken to fill the tank = 60 hours
Water filled in 60 hours =4*60*60=1440 litres

By- RAHUL DHAKAD