English Spanish

1.2 Adding Integers

Is the sum of two integers positive, negative,

SSTATE or zero? How can you tell?
STANDARDS
MA.7.A.3.1
MA.7.A.3.2 1 EXAMPLE: Adding Integers with the Same Sign

Use integer counters to find −4 + (−3).

Combine 4 negative counters Find the total number

and 3 negative counters. of counters.

− − − − − − − −
− − − − − −
−4 + −3 = −7
So, −4 + (−3) = −7.

2 ACTIVITY: Adding Integers with Different Signs

Work with a partner. Use integer counters to find −3 + 2.

Combine 3 negative counters Remove any What is the total

and 2 positive counters. zero pairs. number of counters?

− − + − − −
− + + +

−3 + 2 = −3 + 2 =
So, −3 + 2 = .

3 EXAMPLE: Adding Integers with Different Signs

Use a number line to find 5 + (−3).

Start at 0. Move 5 Add −3. Then move 3 units

units to the right. left to end at 2.
5

−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8

So, 5 + (−3) = 2.

8 Chapter 1 Operations with Integers

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4 ACTIVITY: Adding Integers with Different Signs

Work with a partner. Write the addition expression shown.
Then find the sum.

Start at 0. Move 7 Add −10. Then move 10 units

units to the right. left to end at −3.
7

−8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8

Inductive Reasoning
Work with a partner. Use integer counters or a number line to complete the table.

Sum: Positive,
Exercise Type of Sum Sum
Negative, or Zero

1 5. −4 + (−3) Integers with the same sign

2 6. −3 + 2 Negative

3 7. 5 + (−3) 2

4 8. 7 + (−10) Integers with different signs

9. 2 + 4

10. −6 + (−2)

11. −5 + 9

12. 15 + (−9)

13. −10 + 10

14. −6 + (−6)

15. 12 + (−12)

16. IN YOUR OWN WORDS Is the sum of two integers positive, negative, or zero?
How can you tell?
17. Write general rules for adding (a) two integers with the same sign, (b) two
integers with different signs, and (c) an integer and its opposite.

Use what you learned about adding integers to complete

Exercises 8 –15 on page 12.

Section 1.2 Adding Integers 9

MSFL7PE_0102.indd 9 10/20/09 3:16:19 PM

 English Spanish

1.2 Lesson
Lesson Tutorials

Key Vocabulary Adding Integers with the Same Sign

opposites, p. 10 Words Add the absolute values of the integers. Then use the
additive inverse, p. 10 common sign.
Numbers 2+5=7 −2 + (−5) = −7

EXAMPLE 1 Adding Integers with the Same Sign

Find −2 + (−4). Use a number line to check your answer.
−2 + (−4) = −6 Add ∣ −2 ∣ and ∣ −4 ∣.

Use the common sign.

The sum is −6.
−4
−2

Check
−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1
✓

Add.
1. 7 + 13 2. −8 + (−5) 3. −20 + (−15)
Opposite
When you sit across
from your friend at the
lunch table, you sit Two numbers that are the same distance from 0, but on opposite sides of 0,
opposite your friend. are called opposites. For example, −3 and 3 are opposites.

Adding Integers with Different Signs

Words Subtract the lesser absolute value from the greater absolute
value. Then use the sign of the integer with the greater
absolute value.
Numbers 8 + (−10) = −2 −13 + 17 = 4

Additive Inverse Property

Words The sum of an integer and its additive inverse, or opposite,
is 0.
Numbers 6 + (−6) = 0 −25 + 25 = 0

10 Chapter 1 Operations with Integers

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EXAMPLE 2 Adding Integers with Different Signs

a. Find 5 + (−10).
5 + (−10) = −5 ∣ −10 ∣ > ∣ 5 ∣. So, subtract ∣ 5 ∣ from ∣ −10 ∣.
Use the sign of −10.
The sum is −5.

b. Find −3 + 7.
−3 + 7 = 4 ∣ 7 ∣ > ∣ −3 ∣. So, subtract ∣ −3 ∣ from ∣ 7 ∣.
Use the sign of 7.
The sum is 4.

c. Find −12 + 12.

−12 + 12 = 0 The sum is 0 by the Additive Inverse Property.

−12 and 12 are opposites.

The sum is 0.

Add.
Exercises 8–23 4. −2 + 11 5. 13 + (−8) 6. 9 + (−10)
7. −8 + 4 8. 7 + (−7) 9. −31 + 31

EXAMPLE 3 Adding More than Two Integers

The list shows four bank account transactions in July. Find the change
C in the account balance.
JULY TRANSACTIONS
Find the sum of the four transactions.
C = 50 + (−40) + 75 + (−50) Write the sum.
= 10 + 75 + (−50) Add 50 and −40.
= 85 + (−50) Add 10 and 75.
= 35 Add 85 and −50.

Because C = 35, the account balance increased $35 in July.

10. WHAT IF? In Example 3, the deposit amounts are $30 and $55. Find
Exercises 28–33 the change C in the account balance.

Section 1.2 Adding Integers 11

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1.2 Exercises
Help with Homework

1. WRITING How do you find the additive inverse of an integer?

2. NUMBER SENSE Is 3 + (−4) the same as −4 + 3? Explain.

Tell whether the sum is positive, negative, or zero without adding. Explain
your reasoning.
3. −8 + 20 4. 50 + (−50) 5. −10 + (−18)

Tell whether the statement is true or false. Explain your reasoning.

6. The sum of two negative integers is always negative.
7. An integer and its absolute value are always opposites.

6)=3
9+(- 3)=
3+(- 9)=
4+(- =
1)
9+(-

Add.
1 2 8. 6 + 4 9. −4 + (−6) 10. −2 + (−3) 11. −5 + 12
12. 5 + (−7) 13. 8 + (−8) 14. 9 + (−11) 15. −3 + 13
16. −4 + (−16) 17. −3 + (−4) 18. 14 + (−5) 19. 0 + (−11)
20. −10 + (−15) 21. −13 + 9 22. 18 + (−18) 23. −25 + (−9)

ERROR ANALYSIS Describe and correct the error in finding the sum.

✗ ✗
24. 25.
9 + (−6) = −3 −10 + (−10) = 0

26. TEMPERATURE The temperature is −3°F at 7 a.m. During the next four hours,
the temperature increases 21°F. What is the temperature at 11 a.m.?
27. BANKING Your bank account has a balance of −$12. You deposit $60.
What is your new balance?

Add.
3 28. 13 + (−21) + 16 29. 22 + (−14) + (−35) 30. −13 + 27 + (−18)
31. −19 + 26 + 14 32. −32 + (−17) + 42 33. −41 + (−15) + (−29)

Tell how the Commutative and Associative Properties of Addition can help you
find the sum mentally. Then find the sum.
34. 9 + 6 + (−6) 35. −8 + 13 + (−13) 36. 9 + (−17) + (−9)
37. 7 + (−12) + (−7) 38. −12 + 25 + (−15) 39. 6 + (−9) + 14

12 Chapter 1 Operations with Integers

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ALGEBRA Evaluate the expression when a = 4, b = −5, and c = −8.

40. a + b 41. b + c 42. ∣ a + b + c ∣

43. OPEN-ENDED Write two integers with different signs that have a sum of −25.
Write two integers with the same sign that have a sum of −25.

MENTAL MATH Use mental math to solve the equation.

44. d + 12 = 2 45. b + (−2) = 0 46. −8 + m = −15

47. FIRST DOWN In football, a team must gain 10 yards to get a first down.
The team gains 6 yards on the first play, loses 3 yards on the second play,
and gains 8 yards on the third play. Which expression can be used to decide
whether the team gets a first down?

10 + 6 − 3 + 8 6 + (−3) + 8 6 + (−3) + (−8)

48. DOLPHIN Starting at point A, the path of a dolphin jumping out of the water
is shown.
a. Is the dolphin deeper at point C or point E ? Explain your reasoning.
b. Is the dolphin higher at point B or point D ? Explain your reasoning.

B
D
−18 +15 −13
+24
C E
A

49. According to a legend, the Chinese Emperor

Yu-Huang saw a magic square on the back of a turtle. In a
magic square, the numbers in each row and in each column −1 −3
have the same sum. This sum is called the magic sum.
Copy and complete the magic square so that each row 1
and each column has a magic sum of 0. Use each integer
from −4 to 4 exactly once.

Subtract. SKILLS REVIEW HANDBOOK

50. 69 − 38 51. 82 − 74 52. 177 − 63 53. 451 − 268

54. MULTIPLE CHOICE What is the range of the numbers below? SKILLS REVIEW HANDBOOK
12, 8, 17, 12, 15, 18, 30
A 12 B 15 C 18 D 22

Section 1.2 Adding Integers 13