LIVING IN THE INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY ERA:
ICT
SATYA NADELLA
CEO, MICROSOFT

“PHENOMENAL”
• Bringing all the
students to engage in a
collaboration way with
the teachers.
What is
technology to
you?
Is it…
Technology is

useful tools machines

device material
 according wikipedia…

“Application of knowledge to the practical aims of human life or

to change and manipulate the human environment. Technology
includes the use of materials, tools, techniques, and sources of
power to make life easier or more pleasant and work more
productive. Whereas science is concerned with how and why
things happen, technology focuses on making things happen.”
life easier
The question is….

Can technology be
connected to your
chosen field of
specialization???
The answer is….
Nowadays, our
Technology is
EVERYWHERE...
ict
LIVING IN THE INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY ERA:
Introduction to ICT
 Objectives
At the end of this chapter, you should be able to:
• define ICT;
• trace the evolution of Technology, particular computers
• identify parts of the computer system, categorize the different computer
peripherals;
• assess why computers are considered powerful thinking machines
• explain the role of technology in media and how it affects communication;
and
• recognize the current trends in Information Technology
Information and Communication
Technology: An Overview
• The concept of technology has evolved
throughout the years. As the rate of human
progress continues to increase, society has
adapted in such a way the technology no
longer appeals to mechanical or electrical
systems alone. The term technology presently
includes advancements in communication and
how information is handled, does enabling
governments, organizations, industries, and
ordinary individuals to improve on their
decision- making, business processes, and
everyday living.
Information and Communication
Technology: An Overview

• The term information and

communications technology or ICT was
defined in a study conducted by Zuppo
(2012) as " related to technologies that
facilitate the transfer of information and
various types of electronically mediated
communication."
 Information and
Communication Technology:
An Overview
• The need for devices, such as mobile phones, laptops, and
tablets, is identified in all instances. This fact is perhaps due
to the human need to "belong". According to Baumeister
and Leary (1995), the “belongingness hypothesis” states
that people have a basic psychological need to feel closely
connected to others, and that caring, affectionate bonds
from close relationships are a major part of human
behavior.
 Information and Communication
Technology: An Overview
• ICT is ubiquitous and access to it is relatively
affordable and somewhat effortless. This makes a
demand much higher as different sectors,
industries, and organizations now also
incorporate ICT in their daily business processes.
IT versus ICT
What is the difference?
ICT IT
 Information and Communication
Technology (ICT)
• ICT, or information communications technology, is
often used in a more general sense, and is described as
using computers and other digital techno to assist
individuals or institutions in handling or using
information. ICT is technology that supports activities
involving information such as gathering, processing,
storing, in presenting data. Increasingly, these activities
also involved collaboration and communication.
 Information Technology (IT)
• IT, or information technology, pertains to the industry
that involves computers, software, networking, and
other IT infrastructure to help relay or manage
information important in modern-day living as seen
primarily in large companies or corporations.
•Simply put, IT is a
subset of ICT as the
technology used in the
field of IT aids in the use
of ICT (Wang, 2016).
Do you see yourself without
technology?
 Breakdown of ICT
• Information
• Information refers to the knowledge
obtained from reading, investigation,
study, or research. Some of the tools that
transmit information are the telephone,
television, and radio. Not to be confused
with data, information is regarded as
processed data. Computers normally
process data that are later understood as
information. Processed information is
called knowledge. Knowledge helps fulfill
daily tasks.
Breakdown of
ICT
• Communication
• Communication is an act of
transmitting messages. It is a
process in which information is
exchanged between individuals
through verbal and non-verbal
means.
Breakdown
of ICT
• Technology
• Technology has evolved
in ways that improve
people's daily activities.
As mentioned above,
technology has made
communication much
easier and faster. It has
also made broadcasting
of information more
effective.
 • The evolution of technology has always depended on
one thing: The human rationale. Humans tend to think of
Evolution of ways on how to discharge tasks or workloads or do daily
activities easily. The concept of technology always starts
Technology with the basic tool. By combining a set of tools, people
have come up with machines that can do the tasks faster
and more efficiently.
Evolution of
Technology
• One type of machine that is
considered a necessity is the
computer. A computer is an
electronic device, operating under
the control of instructions stored in
its own memory, that can accept
data, manipulate the data according
to specified rules, produced results,
and store the results for future use.
Most machines, including
computer, have evolved through
the process of automation.
Evolution of
Technology
• Automation is defined as "the
technique of making an
apparatus, a process, or a
system operate automatically."
An automated system is not the
same as an intelligent system.
Intelligent systems are far more
complex and are capable of
learning. This is where the
concept of artificial intelligence
comes in.
 History of Computer
• Computers have evolved based on the type of components
used in the design. At present, scientists and researchers have
identified five generations based on design, suitability, and
reliability.
History of Computer
• First-generation Computer (1946-1959)
• The first electronic computer was developed in 1946.
• Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John M. Mauchly
from the University of Pennsylvania and financed by
United States Army, the Electronic Numeric Integrator
and Calculator(ENIAC) is considered to be the first-
generation computer.
• It was a modular computer, composed of several
panels capable of performing different functions.
• However, it could store only limited or small amount of
information and only do arithmetic operations such as
addition and subtraction of up to 10 digits.
• The computer was roughly 167 square meters in size
and weighed 27 tons.
History of
Computer
• Second-generation Computer
(1959-1965)
• In this second generation, the
transistor was used as the
interior sections of the
computer. Transistors were
much smaller, faster, and more
dependable than the vacuum
tubes of the first-generation
computer.
History of Computer
• Third-generation Computer (1965-1971)
• In 1965, Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit
(IC) that was used instead of transistors as the
interior sections to build the computer. A single IC
has many transistors, resistors, and capacitors that
even the full circuit board of a transistor can be
replaced entirely with one chip.
• This chip made the computers smaller, unfailing,
and effective. In this third generation, remote
processing, time-sharing, in multiprogramming
operating system where used.
History of Computer
• Fourth-generation Computer (1971-1980)
• From 1971 to 1980, very large scale integrated
(VLSI) circuits we're used to build computers. These
circuits have about 5,000 stores and other circuit
elements with their connected circuits on a single
chip known as the microprocessor.
• These fourth-generation computers such as
personal computers became more powerful, dense,
reliable, and inexpensive.
• Other application of this microprocessor technology
can be used and applied for pocket calculators,
television sets, automotive devices, and audio and
video appliances.
History of
Computer
• Fifth-generation Computer (1980-onwards)
• In this fifth generation, the VLSI technology
has evolved into what is called ultra large-
scale integration (ULSI) technology, with
the manufacturer of microprocessor chips
having 10 million electronic components.
• This generation involves computer
intelligence which is associated with
artificial intelligence (AI), natural language,
and expert systems that interpret the
means and practices of producing
computers that think like human beings.
 Components of a Computer
• By definition, a computer is an electronic device that
manipulates information or data. Does the ability to store,
retrieve and process data. It contains both hardware
components and software applications.
• The hardware pertains to the computer's physical devices.
It is any part of the computer that can be seen and
touched. A computer's hardware consists of interrelated
electronic devices that are used to manipulate the
computer's operation, output devices, and input devices.
Components of a Computer:
Input Devices
• Input devices enter or send data and instructions from the user or
from another computer system on the internet while output devices
send back the administered data to the user or to another computer
system.

• Keyboard
• the most common in device that accepts letters,
numbers and commands from the user.
• Mouse
• Lets one select options from on-screen menus. A
mouse is used by moving it on a flat surface, pressing
its two buttons (left and right), installing the wheel
that is low between the buttons.
• There are also alternatives to using a mouse. A
trackball has a ball that can rotate using a finger or the
palm of a hand to move the pointer. A touchpad also
called a trackpad is a touch-sensitive pad that lets the
user move the pointer by touching and dragging his or
her finger on the pad.
 Components of a Computer:
Input Devices
• Microphone
• Allows a user to speak into the computer to input data and
instructions
• Scanner
• Converts printed material into a form the computer can use
• Two most common type of scanners are the flatbed scanner and
handheld or portable scanners.
• Digital Camera
• Allows one to take pictures then transfer the photograph images to
the computer or printer instead of storing the images on a traditional
film.
• PC Video Camera
• A digital camera that enables user to create a movie or take still
photographs electronically
Components of a Computer: Output
Devices
• Monitor
• Displays text, graphics, and video on a screen.
• Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)- Is a vacuum tube containing
electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at
another end.
• Liquid crystal display (LCD)- is a flat-panel display that
consists of a layer of color or monochrome pixels
arranged schematically between a couple of transparent
electrodes and two polarizing filters.
• Light-emitting diode (LED)- is a flat-panel display that
uses light-emitting diodes for backlighting. The display is
of LCD only but the backlighting is done by LEDs.
• Speaker
• Allows one to hear music, voice, and other sounds. The
signal used to produce the sound that comes from a
computer speaker is created by the computer’s sound
card.
 Components of a Computer:
Output Devices
• An output device is any hardware component that transmit information
to one or more people.
• Printer
• Produces text and graphics on a physical medium such as
paper.
• Two types of printer are the impact printer and the non-
impact printer.
• An impact printer makes contact with the paper by pressing
an ink ribbon against the paper using a hammer or pins.
• Non-impact printer does not use a striking device to produce
characters on the paper, and because it does not hammer
against the paper the printer produces less noise.
 Components of a Computer
• System Unit
• It is the enclosure composed of the main
elements of a computer that are used to
administer data. This can be referred to as a
computer case or tower.
• Storage devices
• These are used to keep data permanently.
• Flash disk drive, hard disk drive, compact disc(CD-
rom/rw), digital versatile disc (DVD-rom/rw)
 Why Computers are Powerful
• Computers are powerful for a variety of reasons. They work with
remarkable speed, reliability, consistency, and accuracy.
Computers can store large amounts of data and information.
Also, computers allow users to communicate other users or
computers. A user is anyone who communicates and interacts
with a computer or makes use of the information it generates.
 Classifying Computers
• Computers can be classified based on size and computing power.
However, as technology advances, these classifications tend to
overlap as modern computers have become smaller, yet more
powerful, and relatively cheaper.
 Classifying Computers
General classification of computers are as follows:
• Personal computer- Is a small, single-user computer based on a
microprocessor. In addition to the microprocessor, a personal computer
has a keyboard for entering data, a monitor for displaying information,
and a storage device for saving data.
• Workstation- Is a powerful, single-user computer. A workstation is like a
personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a
higher-quality monitor.
• Minicomputer- Is a multi-user computer capable of supporting from 10
to hundreds of users simultaneously.
• Mainframe- Is a powerful multi-user capable of supporting hundreds or
thousands of users simultaneously.
• Supercomputer- Is an extremely fast computer that can perform millions
of instructions per second.
 Classifying Computers
Specialized classification of computers are as follows:
• Desktop computers- are computers designed to be placed on a desk, and are
normally made up of a few different parts, including the computer case, central
processing unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse.
• Laptop computers- Are battery powered computer devices whose portability makes
them possible to use almost anytime anywhere.
• Table computers- Are hand-held computers with touch-sensitive screen for typing
and navigation.
• Smartphones- are hand-held telephones which can do things that computers can
do including browsing and searching the internet and even playing console games.
• Wearables - Includes fitness trackers and smartwatches that can be worn
throughout the day.
• Smart TVs- Are the latest television sets that include applications present in
computers.
 Thank you for
listening!
Any questions?
 CLASS ACTIVITY
• The students are grouped into 5 members and discuss what Paulinian
Values should be exemplified to address the challenges.
• Each group will present a Creative Poster to answer the questions
below:
1. What are the challenges in the age of IT?
2. How will these challenges affect the society?
3. How can the Paulinian Core Values be exemplified to go through the
challenges
4. What is the Vision-Mission of the Paulinian and how is it related to
Health or to your field of specialization