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LINQ02-Notes

LINQ, or Language Integrated Query, provides over 40 methods for querying data stored in various formats, utilizing the IEnumerable interface. It supports both fluent and query syntax for execution, with operators categorized into 13 types, including filtration, transformation, and ordering. LINQ allows for both deferred and immediate execution, enabling efficient data manipulation across different data stores.

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Reham Khaled
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21 views

LINQ02-Notes

LINQ, or Language Integrated Query, provides over 40 methods for querying data stored in various formats, utilizing the IEnumerable interface. It supports both fluent and query syntax for execution, with operators categorized into 13 types, including filtration, transformation, and ordering. LINQ allows for both deferred and immediate execution, enabling efficient data manipulation across different data stores.

Uploaded by

Reham Khaled
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LINQ

• Stands For: Language Integrated Query

• SQL: DQL, C#: Functions

• LINQ Method: +40 Methods

• Extension Method: For all collections that implement the interface "IEnumerable"

• Named As: LINQ Operators, existed at class Enumerable

• Categorized Into: 13 Categories

• Usage: You can use "LINQ Operators" against the data [stored in sequence] regardless of the
data store [SQL Server, MySQL, Oracle].

Sequence

• The object from a class that implements the interface "IEnumerable":

1. Local: {Static, XML Data} – L2Object, L2XML

2. Remote: L2EF

LINQ Syntax

1. Fluent Syntax

o 1.1 Call "LINQ Operators" as Static Method

o 1.2 Call "LINQ Operators" as Extension Method [Recommended]

2. Query Syntax

o Must begin with the keyword From

o Must end with Select or GroupBy

LINQ Execution Ways

• Deferred Execution

• Immediate Execution

(Elements Operators, Casting Operators, Aggregate Operators)

LINQ Categories

1. Filtration [Restriction] Operators - Where

o Get elements out of stock

o Get elements in stock and in the category of Meat/Poultry

o Get elements out of stock in the first 10 elements


2. Transformation [Projection] Operators [Select, SelectMany]

o Select Product Name

o Select Customer Name

o Select Customer Orders

o Select Product ID and Product Name

o Select Product in Stock and Apply 10% Discount on Its Price

3. Ordering Operators [Ascending, Descending, Reverse, ThenBy, ThenByDescending]

o Get products ordered by price ascending

o Get products ordered by price descending

o Get products ordered by price ascending and the number of items in stock

4. Elements Operator - Immediate Execution [Valid Only With Fluent Syntax]

o [First, Last, LastOrDefault, FirstOrDefault, ElementAt, ElementAtOrDefault, Single,


SingleOrDefault]

5. Aggregate Operators - Immediate Execution

o [Count, Sum, Min, Max, Average]

6. Casting [Conversion] Operators - Immediate Execution

o ToList: Takes the elements from the given source and returns a new List.

o ToArray: Converts the input elements in the collection to an Array.

o ToDictionary: Converts the items of a list/collection (IEnumerable<T>) to a new


dictionary object (Dictionary<TKey, TValue>).

o OfType(): Returns the elements of a specific type, ignoring other elements from the
list/collection.

o ToHashSet(): Converts the input elements in the collection to a HashSet.

7. Generation Operators - Deferred Execution

o Range: Returns a new sequence within a range.

o Repeat: Returns IEnumerable of 100 elements, each with a value of 2.

o Empty: Returns an empty IEnumerable.

o Used to create a new sequence of elements.

o Valid with Fluent Syntax only.

o The only way to call them is as static methods from the Enumerable class.
8. Set Operators [Union Family] - Deferred Execution

o Union: Without duplication.

o Concat [UnionAll]: With duplication.

o Intersect: Returns elements in the 1st sequence that exist in the 2nd sequence.

o Except: Returns elements in the 1st sequence that do not exist in the 2nd sequence.

o Distinct: Removes duplicates [Concat + Distinct => Acts as Union].

o Set Operators: Union, UnionAll, Except, Intersect.

9. Quantifier Operator - Returns Boolean

o Any: If the sequence contains at least one element, it returns True.

o All: If all elements in the sequence match the condition, it returns True.

o SequenceEqual: If two sequences are equal, it returns True.

10. Zipping Operator - ZIP

o ZIP: Produces a sequence with elements from two or three specific sequences.

11. Grouping Operators

o Get products grouped by category.

o Get products in stock grouped by category.

o Get products in stock grouped by category that contains more than 10 products.

o Get category name of products in stock that contain more than 10 products and the
number of products in each category.

12. Partitioning Operators

o Take: Takes a number of elements from the first only.

o Skip: Skips a number of elements from the first and gets the rest of the elements.

o TakeLast: Takes a number of elements from the last only.

o SkipLast: Skips a number of elements from the last and gets the rest of the elements.

o TakeWhile: Takes elements until an element that does not match the condition is found.

o SkipWhile: Skips elements until an element that does not match the condition is found.

13. Let and Into [Valid With Query Syntax Only]

o let: Continues the query with an added new range.

o into: Restarts the query by introducing a new range.

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