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Anon., 2020. Elsevier Author Services. [Online]
Available at: https://scientific-publishing.webshop.elsevier.com/research-process/medical-research-
methods/
[Accessed 5 June 2020].

Clinic, M., 2020. mayoclinic. [Online]

Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/autism-spectrum-disorder/symptoms-
causes/syc-20352928
[Accessed 20 November 2021].

Croft, A. R. M. A. M., 2019. Rubella Virus Infection, the Congenital Rubella. International Journal of
Enviormental and Public Health, Volume 1, p. 28.

Hustadt, U., 2019. Research Methods in Computer Science. Department of Computer Science,
Volume 6, p. 12.

M.D., D. D. Z., 2021. Journey Pure. [Online]

Available at: https://journeypure.com/ask-our-doctors/drug-addiction/can-drugs-and-alcohol-cause-
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[Accessed 10 August 2021].

SANDSTRÖM, A.-M., 2018. EAIE European Association for International Education. [Online]
Available at: https://www.eaie.org/blog/8-ways-determine-credibility-research-reports.html
[Accessed 19 April 2018].

SVEN BÖLTE, O. G., 2010. What can innovative technologies do for. Editorial, Volume 14, p. 5.

Many causes of autism have been proposed, research these, pick one and provide your
educated opinion on how IT can be used in the study of medical science determining the
cause of autism that you chose.

Studies hypothesized a connection between autism and rubella infection during pregnancy.
Many kids had abnormal immunological responses to rubella vaccinations, which suggested
congenital rubella virus infection. In New York City, Stella Chess examined the behavioural
traits of preschoolers who had congenital rubella. Out of 243 such youngsters, she found
that 10 had the complete autism spectrum disorder and eight had a partial form of the
disorder. (i.e., 18/243, or 7.4%) This rate was more than 200 times higher than the
estimated prevalence rates at the time, which ranged from 0.7 per 10,000 children in the
United States to 2.1 per 10,000 children in London, England. It was also significantly higher
than the more recent reported autism rate in 2014, which was 1 in 36. Chess later
discovered four more CRS instances in her batch of kids, bringing the overall autism rate to
10.24%. The use of the Internet, online communities, robotics, assistive and prompting
devices, computer-aided instruction, interactive metronomes, video modelling, video/DVD
instruction, virtual reality, voice output communication devices, bio-sensing,
telecommunication, and computer-training are a few non-exhaustive examples. Computers
can aid in compensating for verbal and interpersonal difficulties and facilitating
communication between those with ASD, professionals, and others. They also make it
possible for new forms of socializing, learning, and employment. The biggest interest has
been seen in computer-based training programmes among computer technologies created
specially to assist those with ASD. For instance, a number of programmes have been
designed and reviewed to improve literacy, adaptive abilities, social-communicative skills,
and emotion recognition. The majority of studies on these new tools show that computer
training is an efficient way to teach limited abilities. (M.D., 2021) (Clinic, 2020)

How to check if research is valid or not.

When it comes to checking if research is valid there is a few ways it can be done.

Who funded the research?

Checking whether a third party sponsored or supported the study is equally important because this
could further skew the results' objectivity. You should be cautious of the findings if, for example, a
student recruitment fair organiser funds a study on the effectiveness of various recruitment
strategies, especially if fairs for students are found to be the most effective strategy.

How was the data collected?

Structured interviews and self-completion questionnaires may be the two most popular methods for
gathering quantitative data in the social sciences. The sample's composition, or the people who were
solicited to participate in the survey, must be identified in order for the results to be representative.
Probability and non-probability samples are the two main categories of sampling. Every member of
the population has the same chance of being included in a probability sample. Additionally, it is
necessary in order to generalise the results to the wider public. Consider conducting a survey of first-
year students and inviting student clubs to post the results on social media to highlight the
differences. The results won't be representative or generalizable because there is a higher risk that
this non-probability snowball sample will include students who participate in such clubs.

Does the research make use of secondary data?

Data can be collected either through primary or secondary sources, it can be collected for the
purposes of the study or existing data can be utilised. If existing data sets collected by another
organisation or researcher is used, reflecting on how credible the data source is, and how usable it is
for the study in question, is important. Here, using common sense takes you a long way.

Does the research measures what is claims it measures?

Validity is a word frequently used in statistics to describe how reliable a study is. A concept,
conclusion, or measurement is said to be valid to the extent that it is well-founded and accurately
reflects reality. Does it measure what it sets out to measure, in other words? An investigation of
faculty gender discrimination, for instance, will look at the number of complaints made by female
faculty members as part of its investigation. However, as the study does not examine the factors that
led to these discrimination complaints, including whether they were based on sexual orientation,
age, or gender, it is impossible to make the conclusion that gender discrimination has grown.

Who conducted the study?

Numerous organisations in the field provide intelligence that influences the choices we make at
work every day. Therefore, it is crucial to consider who conducted the study and whether the
organisation or person in issue have the necessary skills for conducting research on the subject. A
smart approach is also to determine whether the organisation is interested in a particular research
result. If so, in order to ensure its neutrality, the study should be explicit about how each of its
several phases was carried out. (SANDSTRÖM, 2018)

Compare the research approach in medical science with the research approach in
computer science.
Computer Science
Research methods:
When it comes to the research approach in computer science there are a few methods that
can be used:
Overview:
 Action Research: Pursues both understanding and action at the same time.
Continuously switches between critical reflection and action, while adjusting
methodology, data, and interpretation in light of the knowledge gained from
preceding cycles.
 Case Study: Thorough investigation of a specific issue. Typically produces a lot
of data. Should try to generalise from the specifics of the circumstance witnessed
rather than just reporting the facts acquired or the behaviour observed.
 Survey: In most cases, questionnaires or interviews are used. Sample size and
component determination are crucial.
 Experiment: Using a test that the researcher controls, examine causal linkages. often
carried out in development, assessment, and problem-solving initiatives
Experiments:
A specific prediction about the outcome of the experiment. A well-defined experimental
setup that will be changed in a deliberate manner to get the results expected by the
hypothesis. Quantitative evaluation of the effects of changing the experimental setup
Utilizing controls to make sure the experiment truly examines the hypothesis. The measured
data are analysed to see if the results support the hypothesis. Report of methods and
findings so that the experiment can be repeated by others. (Hustadt, 2019)
Questionnaires:
There are questions that can be looked at when it comes to questionnaires:
What are the main concerns when conducting a questionnaire-based survey?
What sorts of questions are there on the questionnaire itself, and what purpose do they
serve?
The questionnaires are purpose is to determine a few key points:
Identifying the intended audience. The best media should be chosen. Getting a decent
response rate. Ensuring, if required, anonymity. Acquiring more details on the respondents.
There are seven question types when it comes to designing a questionnaire:
1. Information or volume
2. Stratification
3. Multiple choice or a list
4. Scale
5. Catalogue
6. Complex table or grid
7. Open field
Medical Science
Primary research and secondary research are the two main categories of medical research.
Primary research is when a researcher uses studies to get unprocessed data. On the other
hand, it is termed secondary research if the researcher is analysing information gathered
during your own or another person's main study. (Anon., 2020)
Three key categories of primary research exist:

 Laboratory-based: This type of medical study, also known as basic

research, uses a controlled experiment to learn more about genetic
material, cells, biologic agents, or chemical interactions. Specific
hypotheses are investigated in this kind of study, and the findings can be
utilised to create medical therapies.
 Clinical Research: Clinical research is carried out to further our
understanding of disease, its prevention, and treatment. These studies
often focus on individuals within a certain demographic. Clinical research
may take the form of intervention, observation, or prevention.
 Epidemiological research: Researchers that study epidemiology
examines a certain disease process's aetiology, population distribution,
and variations in frequency. Generally, these studies are observational,
due to ethical concerns, social and political factors as well as health risk
considerations.
