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Sound Class8 Notes

Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrating objects and travels through various media as longitudinal waves. Key characteristics of sound include amplitude, frequency, time period, and wavelength, with speed varying by medium. The human ear processes sound, distinguishing between noise and music, while noise pollution poses health risks that can be mitigated through various methods.

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10 views2 pages

Sound Class8 Notes

Sound is a form of energy produced by vibrating objects and travels through various media as longitudinal waves. Key characteristics of sound include amplitude, frequency, time period, and wavelength, with speed varying by medium. The human ear processes sound, distinguishing between noise and music, while noise pollution poses health risks that can be mitigated through various methods.

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ujjwalchaprana9
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Sound - Class 8 Science Notes

Sound is a form of energy that produces the sensation of hearing. It is produced by vibrating objects
and travels through a medium (solid, liquid, or gas).

How is Sound Produced?


- Sound is produced by vibrations.
- Example: When a guitar string is plucked, it vibrates and produces sound.
- The to-and-fro motion of an object is called vibration.

Propagation of Sound
- Sound travels through a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) in the form of longitudinal waves.
- It cannot travel in a vacuum (no medium).
- The matter or substance through which sound is transmitted is called a medium.

Sound Waves
- Sound waves are longitudinal waves where particles of the medium vibrate back and forth in the
same direction as the wave.
- A wave consists of:
- Compression: Region of high pressure.
- Rarefaction: Region of low pressure.

Characteristics of Sound
1. Amplitude: The maximum displacement of a vibrating particle from its mean position. It
determines the loudness of sound.
2. Frequency: The number of vibrations per second. It determines the pitch of sound.
- Measured in Hertz (Hz).
- Higher frequency = Higher pitch.
3. Time Period: The time taken to complete one vibration.
4. Wavelength: The distance between two consecutive compressions or rarefactions.

Speed of Sound
- The speed of sound depends on the medium:
- Solids > Liquids > Gases.
- Speed of sound in air at 20°C = 343 m/s.

Human Ear and Hearing


- The human ear has three parts:
1. Outer Ear: Collects sound waves.
2. Middle Ear: Amplifies sound waves.
3. Inner Ear: Converts sound waves into electrical signals for the brain.
- The audible range for humans is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz.

Noise vs. Music


- Noise: Unpleasant, irregular sound.
- Music: Pleasant, regular sound with a specific pattern.

Noise Pollution
- Excessive or harmful levels of noise in the environment.
- Causes:
- Vehicles, loudspeakers, machinery, etc.
- Effects:
- Hearing loss, stress, sleep disturbances.
- Prevention:
- Use of earplugs, planting trees, reducing noise sources.

Important Terms
- Echo: Reflection of sound that arrives at the listener after a delay.
- Reverberation: Persistence of sound due to repeated reflections.
- Ultrasound: Sound waves with frequencies above 20,000 Hz (used in medical imaging).

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