SMART ANAESTHESIA INJECTOR

K. Jashika1, P. Ginolene Packia Shiniffa1, S. Mokesh1, S. Jayakumar1, M. Deeparani2, P. Raja Rajeswari Chandni2
Student 1, Assistant Professor2
Department of Biomedical Engineering,

Hindusthan college of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore-641032, Tamil Nadu, India.

[email protected] 1, [email protected] 1, [email protected] 1,
[email protected] 1, [email protected] 2, [email protected] 2

Abstract: Anesthesia injector is the most important device in the biomedical field. While a person undergoes surgery it could be of minor to
major surgeries which causes pain. To induce painless surgeries, injecting anesthesia is important. It is difficult for anesthesiologist to
continuously monitor body's parameter. Hence, we have come up with a solution of smart anesthesia injector. While injecting anesthesia it is
important to monitor body's vital parameter such as Temperature and heart rate. Automatic anesthesia administration continuously monitors
the parameter and injects it in a specified interval of time when both the parameters are normal. In this process the dose of anesthesia is
predefined by the anesthesiologist. In this project we are using Arduino UNO as the micro controller and works on closed loop.

Keywords: Temperature sensor, Heart rate sensor, motor, switch.

1. Introduction
It is important to perform surgeries in anesthetic condition. Anesthesia, a drug given to loss bodily sensation or
consciousness in specific part of a body where it is operated. Anesthesia cannot be given in a single stretch to a body as it
causes serious complications, it should be given in specific intervals relative to the duration of operation on normal body
parameters. Smart anesthesia injector is developed using embedded system. We use switch to measure the body parameter at
that specific time, if it is normal then the drug is injected. Normal body temperature and heart rate is 98.6°F or 36°C and 72
beats per minute respectively. The anesthetist sets amount of dose. Once the switch is pressed, it measures the temperature
and heart rate. If both are normal it indicates normal and the signal is sent to the signal to motor to initiate the process of
injecting the drug into the body. The motor is subjected to rotate bidirectionally that is clockwise and anti-clockwise. Clock
wise rotation injects the drug. Anticlockwise rotation makes the syringe to be back at initial position after injecting the drug.
After the administration of drug, the parameters will be continuously monitor to avoid complications it is abnormal the process
stops and indicates the surgeon. If it is normal second dose of the drug will be administered to patient

2. Ease of use
2.1 Existing Model
First, Patient can have a bad response to the drug they can feel sick to your stomach after surgery your temperature could
go veritably high and you might die and can have long lasting impassiveness sorrow or loss of function of body corridor after
block types of anesthesia There is no automatically control to giving the anesthesia for cases.
2.2 Proposed model
In the proposed system Arduino rested system is used to fit the predefined number of anesthesia pilules to the case at
regular time intervals The cure of anesthesia must be known in advance, as a predefined value is programmed as input. The
Arduino is programmed using a bedded C to regulate the cure of anesthesia. We also measure the biomedical parameters
analogous as heart rate and temperature since the dimension of biomedical parameters is a vital process. These parameters
determine the overall condition of the case, only rested on these parameters the movement of the stepper motor is determined.

3. Literature Review

Colorful types of exploration workshop have been done and still going on related to Automatic Anesthesia Controller. Some
are listed below Fuzzy regulator And Automatic medicine infusion in Cardiac Cases M Lokesh Kumar, R Hari Kumar, a
KeerthiVasan, V.K. Sudhaman Control of mean arterial blood pressure and cardiac affair is largely desirable in certain operative
procedures and in post cardiac operation. This paper emphasizes on a fuzzy regulator to control these two variables within the
present limits by administering three medicines dopamine, Sodium Nitroprusside and Phenylephrine which perform the
function of adding twinkle rate, decreases, increases blood pressure independently. A fuzzy PD regulator with 25 rules is
designed to achieve this, which controls the medicine delivery unit. This work makes use of few fine models whose response to
these three drugs mimics the mortal cardiovascular system. [1]
Automatic medicine delivery in anesthesia. Simanski, R. Kaehler, A. Schubert, M. Janda, J. Bajorat, R. Hofmockel, B.P. Lampe.
The main pretensions of general anesthesia are acceptable hypnotism, analgesia and conservation of vital functions. For a
number of surgical procedures neuromuscular block is essential. The work gives only a short overview about the development
of the robotization in medicine delivery systems over the last times without the claim of absoluteness and expressed the
important further vision.[2]
 Motorized Anesthesia Infusion System Rohan, Govinda Raju. M, Roopa.J., Prashanth.C. To overcome similar dangerous
problems the design of an automatic operation of an anesthesia machine grounded on a micro-controller is effective. In this
system a microcontroller and hype infusion pump handed. The anesthetist can decide the position of anesthesia in terms of
milliliters per hour to administer anesthesia to the case with the help of different detector results. After entering the signal
from the detectors, the microcontroller controls the signal of the desire position and fed into the dc motor to drive the infusion
pump in proper manner. The anesthesia is administered to the case according to the dc motor gyration. [3]
Automatic anesthesia regularization system (AARS) with patient monitoring modules S. Krishnakumar, J. BethanneyJanney
1, W. Antony Josephine Snowfy 1, S. Joshin Sharon 1, S. Vinodh Kumar 1 To overcome similar tedious problems, this design
aims to design an effective microcontroller grounded automatically operated anesthesia machine. In the proposed Automatic
Anesthesia Regularization System, anesthesia position is controlled by multi-task feedback and microcontroller system,
grounded on case’s condition. The Automatic Anesthesia Controller designed using microcontroller aids to control anesthesia
situations during the course of surgery. Mechanical hype infusion pump is handed to deliver anesthesia to the case. The
anesthetist can set the keypad to administer the cure of anesthesia in terms of milliliters per hour. The keypad transmits the
analog signal to the microcontroller to control the needed cure of anesthesia to be fed into DC motor to operate injection pump.
[4]
Microcontroller grounded Anesthesia Injector Smt.Leela Salim1, Abey Thomas2, Akshay M3, Athul K Alias4, Muhammed
Irshad E K5 If lower quantum of anesthesia is administered, the case may wake up at the middle of the operation. To avoid this,
the anesthetist administers many milliliters of anesthesia per hour to the case. If the anesthetist fails to administer the
anesthesia to the case at the particular time interval, other confederated problems may arise. To overcome similar dangerous
problems the design of an automatic operation of an anesthesia machine grounded on a micro-controller is effective. In this
system a microcontroller and hype infusion pump handed. The anesthetist can decide the position of anesthesia in terms of
milliliters per hour to administer anesthesia to the case with the help of different detector results. After entering the signal
from the sensors, the microcontroller controls the signal to the desire position and fed into the dc motor to drive the infusion
pump in proper manner. The anesthesia is administered to the case according to the dc motor gyration. [5]
Microcontroller grounded Anesthesia Injector R. Ayswarya, S. Aswathi. To overcome similar dangerous problems the
design of an automatic operation of an anesthesia machine grounded on a micro-controller is effective. In this system a keypad
is handed along with the microcontroller and hype infusion pump. The anesthetist can set the position of anesthesia in terms of
milliliters per hour to administer anesthesia to the case with the help of keypad.[6]

4.Methodology
4.1 Parameters

Table 1. Vital Parameter

S. No PARAMETER RANGE
01 BODY TEMPERTURE 98.6 Fahrenheit or 37 degrees Celsius
02 HEART RATE 72 beats/min

Before giving anesthesia vital parameters such as temperature and heart rate should be monitored regularly.

Fig.1. Block Diagram of Smart Anaesthesia Injector

4.2 Block diagram explanation

The analog values of temperature and heart rate is measured using sensor and then the signal is converted to electrical
quantity. Power supply of 12V is given to motor for rotation. The clockwise rotation of motor injects the drug in the syringe to
the patient when the switch is on.
 Fig.2. Flow Chart of Smart Anaesthesia Injector

4.3 Flow Chart of Smart Anaesthesia Injector

Smart anesthesia injector system controls medicine infusion depending upon the case’s body state. Temperature sensor, heart
beat sensor measures temperature and heart rate independently and gives corresponding analog values to gesture exertion circuit.
The Signal exertion circuit also provides the double value to the microcontroller depending upon the double value given to the
regulator to drive the hype pump motor. Hype placed in motor for injects the medicine to case grounded on the case’s condition.
Every 30 seconds all the parameters were tasted to check the case’s condition, which were covered and insinuated in the display
whether normal or abnormal. Infra-red heart beat examiner was kept between the fritters to descry the heart rate. If the heart beat
rate exceeds 40 beats per 30 seconds, it was insinuated as abnormal condition and the pump invested according to the
programmed condition.

5. Hardware Components
This metholodgy includes the following components: Arduino UNO, Temperature Sensor, Heart rate sensor, DC gear motor,
Relay.
5.1.Arduino UNO
An Arduino UNO- to control the overall operation and it is a compressed micro-computer manufactured to control the
functions of embedded system in office machines, robots, home appliances, motor vehicles and a number of other gadgets. It is
low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use, programmable, open- source microcontroller board that can be integrated into a variety of
electronic systems. Arduino boards are suitable to read inputs. Operating voltage is 5V. Input voltage range is 7v to 12V. Digital
input/ affair leg are 14. Analog input legs are 6 DC. Current for each input/ affair leg is 40 M.

Fig.3. Arduino UNO

5.2. Temperature Sensor
The DS18B20 is the type of temperature sensor. It supplies 9- bit to 12- bit readings of temperature. The value shows the
temperature of the patient. The communication of this sensor can be done through a one- line machine protocol which uses
one data line to communicate with an Arduino UNO. There are two types of commands that are to be transferred to read the
values, one is a ROM command and the other is function command. It measures the values ranging from 93 F to 100 F and has
an accuracy of 0.5%. I t does not requires external components.

Fig.4. Temperature Sensor

5.3. Heart rate Sensor
The heartbeat sensor is grounded on the principle of photoplethysmography. It measures the change in volume of blood
through any organ of the body. Blood flow is determined by heart a pulse. This detector is designed to give digital affair heart
beat when a cutlet is placed on it. When the heart beat sensor thresholds working, the light emitting sensor blinks
contemporaneously for every heart beats. Its works on the voltage of 5V. light is absorbed by the blood; the signal beats are
equal to the heart beats.

Fig.4. Temperature Sensor

5.4. DC Gear Motor
A DC motor is any Motor within a class of electrical machines whereby direct current electrical power is converted into
mechanical power. Most frequently, this type of motor relies on forces that glamorous field produce. The working of motor is
controlled by power supply. It requires 12 V to run motor smoothly.

Fig.5. DC Gear Motor

5.5. Relay
2- Channel 5V Relay Module is a relay interface board, it can be controlled directly by a wide range of microcontrollers
similar as Arduino, AVR, PIC, ARM and so on. Good for safe control of advanced amperage circuits. In power systems, the
lower current can control the advanced one. Being suitable to control high cargo current, which can reach 250V, 10A or 125V,
15A - channel high voltage system affair, meeting the requirements of binary channel control. It is a brand new and has high
quality.

Fig.6. Relay
6. Circuit Diagram

Fig.7. Circuit Diagram

7. Result
The smart anesthesia Injector regulates the drug infusion depending upon the patient's body temperature and heart
rate.DS18B20 serves as the temperature sensor which senses patient's temperature. Heart rate sensor senses the patient's
heart rate gives the analog signal to signal conditioning unit. This gives binary value i.e., high or low to the Arduino uno which
serves as the microcontroller depending upon this the motor rotates. In case of high, the motor rotates clockwise or else in
anticlockwise. Syringe placed in connection to the motor injects the drug only during the normal parameters observed. Every
second the parameters are monitored and intimated in the screen if it is normal or abnormal. The motor runs according to the
programming.
7.1 Analysis
The experiment using this project is conducted at the room temperature of 25 ℃ with a people of four members of
different age criteria and health condition. The normal and abnormal condition is observed during the experiment. The person
with abnormal condition of temperature ranging above 100℃ and heart rate ranges both above and below 100 and 60 beats
per minute respectively. They are further treated to satisfy the normal ranging of vital parameters to give anaesthesia to
perform painless surgeries.
 Table 2. Analysis of Vital Parameter
S. No PATIENT (YRS) TEMP (F) PULSE (beats/min)
01 Kavya (20 yrs) 98.4 73
02 Geetha (25 yrs) 100 80
(ABNORMAL)
03 Vinith (31 yrs) 97 62
(ABNORMAL)
04 Suman (42 yrs) 105 110
(ABNORMAL) (ABNORMAL)

Fig.8. Testing of Smart Anaesthesia Injector

Fig.9. Full Setup of Smart Anaesthesia Injector

8. Future Scope
This system is further developed by the using colorful physiological parameters like NIBP, SPO2, Respiration rate for
measuring and assaying how important cure of anesthesia will be given to the case during surgery. Modes of colorful operation,
boluses can be calculated and recalibrated. It can be supereminent to the full attention to making safe, effective and patient-
acquainted remedy opinions. Wireless communication has bettered to control of anesthesia delivery and case monitoring
during operations. Operation of Artificial intelligence( AI) approaches like Machine literacy has shown a great eventuality to
further transfigure the field and ameliorate patient care.

9. Conclusion
From the overall conduct of the design, covering case’s parameters plays truly vital part when case is under anesthesia.
It’s not easy for anesthesiologists to concentrate on multiple tasks. So bedded patient monitoring system has been designed
with different sensors to give alert to anesthesiologist if any abnormality occurs while delivering anesthesia to the case via
syringe pump which in turn controlled by stepper motor.

10. Acknowledgement
The Author would like to thank Dr. S. Saravana Sundaram, Head of the Department of Biomedical Engineering and our
faculty mentor Mrs.M.deeparani and Ms.P.Raja Rajeswari Chandni, Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering in
Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore for guiding us to present the paper.

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