GENERATOR WINDINGS

ARMATURE WINDING
 Virtually the heart of the dynamo.
 Where the voltage is generated in the generator or where the torque is
developed in the motor.
 Type of Armature Winding
1. Lap Winding
• Coil ends are connected to adjacent commutator segments and are 180 electrical degrees apart.
• It forms a loop as it expands around the armature winding.
• Back Pitch (Yb)-number of elements , armature slots, coil advances on the back of the armature core.
• Front Pitch (Yf)-number of element, in armature slots, spanned on the commutator end of the armature.
• 𝑌𝑓 = 𝑌𝑏 +−2𝑚
Where:
(+)-progressive winding (left to right)
(-)-retrogressive winding (right to left)
m-multiplicity factor
1-simplex
2-duplex
3-triplex etc
Coil pitch or span (Ys)- distance between two sides of the coil.
𝑆
𝑌𝑠 = 𝑃 − 𝑘
Where:
S-Slots
P-pole
k-part of S/P to make Ys an integer
Resultant pitch (Yr)-distance between beginning of one coil to the beginning of the next coil.
𝑌𝑟 = 𝑌𝑏 +
−𝑌𝑓
 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. Calculate the coil pitches or span and indicate the slots into which the first coils should be placed for the
following armature winding (a) 28 slots, four poles (b) 39 slots, four poles (c) 78 slots, six poles (d) 121 slots,
eight poles (e) 258 slots, 14 poles

Solution:
28
a. 𝑌𝑠 = − 0 = 7 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 , 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 8
4
39 3
b. 𝑌𝑠 = − = 9 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 , 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 9
4 4
78
c. 𝑌𝑠 = − 0 = 16 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 , 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 17
6
121 1
d. 𝑌𝑠 = − = 15 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 , 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 16
8 8
258 6
e. 𝑌𝑠 = − = 18 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 , 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 18
14 14
 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS

2. Calculate the coil pitches or span and indicate the slots into which the first coils should be placed for the
following armature winding for 20 slots, four poles and trace the winding.
Solution:
20
𝑌𝑠 = − 0 = 5 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 , 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 6
4

Tracing,
1-6-11-16 (reentering slot 1)
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
Type of Armature Winding
2. Wave Winding
• Coil ends are connected to commutator segments very nearly, but never exactly, equal to the distance
between poles of the same polarity.
• Since one cycle always occurs in a distance is arbitrarily called 360 electrical degrees. This means that
in wave winding (simplex) the coils are connected to commutator segments very nearly but not
exactly equal to 360 electrical degrees.
Commutator Pitch (Yc)- distance between two ends of the coil.
+
𝐶 −𝑚 𝑌𝑏 +𝑌𝑓
𝑌𝑐 = 𝑃 = Note: Yc must be an integer otherwise wave winding is not possible.
2
2

Where:
C-number of conductors (segments)
P-Poles
m-multiplicity factor
 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
3. Determine the commutator pitch for a four pole simplex wave wound having 21 segments. Also list the
commutator segments in the proper order as the coils are traced through the entire winding from segment 1
until it closes.
Given:
C-21 segments
P-4 pole
m-1 (simplex)
Solution:
21 +
−1
𝑌𝑐 = = 10 − 𝑜𝑟 11 (+)
4
2
Using Yc=10,
1-11-21-10-9-19-8-18-7-17-6-16-5-15-4-14-3-13-2-12-1 (reentering segment 1)
Using Yc=11,
1-12-2-13-3-14-4-15-5-16-6-17-7-18-8-19-9-20-10-21-11 (reentering segment 1)
EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
 EXAMPLE PROBLEMS
4. Calculate the commutator pitches Yc for the following pole and commutator segment combination: (a) six
pole, 34 segments (b) eight pole, 63 segments (c) 10 poles, 326 segments. In each case, trace the winding
around the commutator once; start at segment 1 and show that after one trip around the commutator, a
segment is reached that is one behind or one ahead of the starting segment.

34 −1
a. 𝑌𝑐 = 6 = 11 + 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2

Tracing
1-12-23-34 (one behind of segment 1)
63 +1
b. 𝑌𝑐 = 8 = 16 − 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2

Tracing
1-17-33-49-2 (one ahead of segment 1)
326 −1
c. 𝑌𝑐 = 10 = 65 + 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑎 𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
2

Tracing
1-66-131-196-261-326 (one ahead of segment 1)
 GROUPWORK
Draw the following problem on an A3 paper indicating your Name of your members and signature, Section, Subject
code and name:
1. Calculate the coil pitches or span and indicate the slots into which the first coils should be placed for the
following armature winding for 24 slots, six poles lap winding and trace the winding.
2. Determine the commutator pitch for a six pole simplex wave wound having 25 segments. Also list the
commutator segments in the proper order as the coils are traced through the entire winding from segment 1
until it closes.
3. Determine the commutator pitch for a eight pole simplex wave wound having 27 segments. Also list the
commutator segments in the proper order as the coils are traced through the entire winding from segment 1
until it closes.
4. Calculate the coil pitches or span and indicate the slots into which the first coils should be placed for the
following armature winding for 32 slots, eight poles lap winding and trace the winding.