1

SMART AND PORTABLE HOME CONTROL SYSTEM WITH ESP32:

EMPOWERING CONNECTIVITY AND AUTOMATION

A Microelectronic and Embedded System Project

Presented to the Faculty of the
College of Computer Studies
MINDORO STATE UNIVERSITY
Bongabong Campus
Labasan, Bongabong, Oriental Mindoro

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER ENGINEERING

By:

RIO MARIE ABAN

RANDELLE BRIX ARTOCILLA
DERRICK JUSTIN BACLIG
JEREMIAH MACAILAO
JOHN MIRIELL TABOR
AIRA ZOLETA

DECEMBER 5, 2024
 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION
Project Overview
Objectives of the Study
Scope and Limitation of the Study
Definition of Terms
II. RELATED LITERATURE
Local Related Literature
Foreign Related Literature
III. METHODOLOGY
a. Development Methods
b. Requirements Specifications
User Interface
Hardware Interface
Software Interface
c. Technical Background
Hardware Requirements
Software Requirements
d. System Analysis and Design
System Overview (System Design)
System Architecture (Schematic Diagram, Block Diagram)
e. Testing and Evaluation
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Presentation of System Output
IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusions
Recommendations
V. REFERENCES
 3

I. INTRODUCTION

Project Overview

Home control systems have become necessary for modern living as they bring out

greater convenience, efficiency, and more safety in life. They basically make routine tasks

automatic through their operation, allowing house users to manage their habitat

effortlessly. They enable wise use of energy, enhance the comfort of a house setting, and

provide real time monitoring of environmental conditions. Being crucial for the

simplification of daily life, an enhancement of energy consumption rate, and providing a

safety home, home control systems have come to be essential devices for home

management.

This project aims to revolutionize the idea of a home automation system by using

the ESP32 microcontroller. The design is highly flexible and easy to use, because it enables

user control of many appliances in the house such as bulbs or fans and also facilitates

ambient temperature monitoring using a DHT11 sensor. The system features a user-

friendly web interface that provides real-time updates on relay states, timers, and

environmental conditions, making it highly convenient and energy-efficient. Such

integrations make it possible to have a comfortable, intelligent house management solution

that can adapt well to the dynamic needs of today's living spaces.

Objectives of the Study

This project aims to develop an efficient, user-friendly, and portable system, which

will use the ESP32 microcontroller to empower connectivity and automation in home

environments.

In line with this, this project aims to achieve the following requirements:
 4

1. To develop a smart home control system using the ESP32 microcontroller.

2. To enable temperature detection using the DHT11 sensor.

3. To facilitate remote control of home appliances such as light bulbs and electric

fans, through a web-based interface.

4. To implement timer functionalities for automated control of connected devices.

5. To evaluate the system's performance in terms of connectivity, responsiveness,

and user convenience.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study involves the development and implementation of a smart control system

for home environments, able to control two appliances, and includes specific functionalities

such as timer and environmental monitoring. The system includes a web-based interface

that displays real-time updates on relay states, countdown timers, and environmental

conditions using an OLED screen and DHT11 sensor. This system works on Wi-Fi Access

Point mode, meaning direct connectivity without necessarily having to rely on other

external networks.

There are also limitations of the project. The relay control of the system is limited

to two devices. The timer function will reset if the relay is manually turned off before

completion. The DHT11 sensor can only give minimum accuracy regarding temperature

measures and updates come at fixed intervals. Additionally, the whole system is dependent

on a stable 5V power supply and requires manual page refreshes for some updates in web

interfaces. The small OLED screen limits the amount of information it can display, and for

high-power appliances, additional relay modifications are necessary.

 5

Definition of Terms

For easy comprehension and interpretation of the study, the following terms used

were either conceptually or operationally defined:

Access Point Mode: It is the operational mode of the ESP32, which makes it a stand-alone

Wi-Fi hotspot that directly connects a device without any external network.

Automation: A system can perform predefined tasks by switching on devices or off

without requiring constant interference from human.

Count Down Timer: It sets a time duration for appliances to turn off automatically after

the particular time is over.

DHT11 Sensor: A component where ambient temperature and humidity get measured,

providing real-time environmental data to display and to apply system actions.

ESP32: The central hardware component of the system, that processes commands, controls

the sensors, and maintains connectivity.

OLED Display: A small screen that presents the system's operational status, including

relay states, timer countdowns, and environmental data.

Portability: The characteristic of the system, which makes it portable and deployable in as

many locations as possible without complicated setup.

Remote Control: The ability to operate appliances and to monitor the performance of the

system through a web-based interface accessible over Wi-Fi.

Web Interface: A user-friendly platform accessed by a browser, which enables users to

control appliances and observe the real time system updates.

Wi-Fi Connectivity: This is the wireless communication feature of the ESP32 that enables

interaction between the system and user devices.

 6

II. RELATED LITERATURE

A. Local Related Literature

Wenlei et al. [1] explored the growing adoption of smart home systems in the

Philippines, highlighting the impact of IoT technology on daily life. The study analyzed

data from a construction company offering smart home installations, identifying

commonly used IoT devices and assessing their availability in the market. Findings

indicate that increased internet connectivity and a rising middle class are driving smart

home adoption. The research emphasizes the potential benefits of widespread

integration, including productivity improvements and resource savings. The study

concludes by recommending strategies to bridge the gap between current smart home

adoption and optimal implementation in the Philippines.

Resquites et al. [2] designed an IoT-based system for monitoring temperature and

automatically controlling a fan using an ESP32 Wi-Fi module and a DHT11 sensor.

The system dynamically adjusts fan speed according to real-time temperature data,

enhancing energy efficiency and user comfort. Their findings demonstrate the system’s

accuracy in temperature detection and the reliability of its control mechanisms,

outperforming existing solutions. [2] The study also proposes future enhancements,

including better security protocols, integration with additional IoT devices, and

adaptive control features. This research underscores the role of IoT technology in

promoting efficient environmental control, aligning with our project’s focus on smart

home automation using ESP32 for remote monitoring and device control.

Developed a home lighting automation system using Arduino and a Bluetooth

interface controlled via an Android smartphone. [3] The system utilizes an HC-05
 7

Bluetooth module to enable wireless communication, allowing users to monitor and

control household lighting remotely. The Android application interacts with the

Arduino board, facilitating seamless operation of the lighting system. [3] The study

highlights the system's potential for improving convenience and energy efficiency

through remote control and automation. Future enhancements proposed include

integrating timers for better energy management and incorporating GSM modules for

enhanced security and scalability. The design can also be expanded for larger

environments, such as offices or factories, underscoring its adaptability to various

settings.

B. Foreign Related Literature

A low-cost and dependable [4] home monitoring and control system using the

ESP32 microcontroller and IP communication via local Wi-Fi was reported in Prasad's

work. Through the use of an Android smartphone application, authorized users can

remotely access and operate appliances. It functions as a server on its own and uses

Internet of Things technology to keep an eye on things like water levels, gas leaks, and

room temperature. It also makes it possible to remotely manage appliances like fans,

lights, and motors, which lowers human labor and increases energy efficiency. The

project's goals of improving connectivity and automation through comparable

technologies are strongly aligned with this study's demonstration of the viability of

ESP32-based home automation.

Shafiulla et al. [5] developed a home automation system using Wi-Fi and ESP32

microcontrollers to enable remote monitoring and control of household devices. The

system integrates relay modules and DHT11 sensors, providing real-time

 8

environmental monitoring and appliance control through a smartphone app. The project

demonstrated reliability, functionality, and user-friendliness, enhancing home comfort

and energy efficiency. The study highlights the system's scalability and potential for

future improvements, including addressing security and privacy concerns.

Senthilkumar et al. [6] proposed a YOLO-based home automation system that

integrates real-time human detection with environmental sensors. The YOLO

algorithm accurately tracks human presence, while sensors like DHT11 and MQ135

monitor temperature, humidity, and gas leaks. This data controls appliances such as

lights and fans, enhancing energy efficiency and user comfort. Experimental results

demonstrated the system's effectiveness and potential for smart home applications.

Rahim and Yahaya [7] developed a smart home switch system (SHSS) using an

ESP32 microcontroller and the Blynk app for remote appliance control. The system

features a current sensor (ACS712) to monitor power consumption and a DHT11 sensor

for temperature and humidity tracking. Relays manage appliance power, while the

Blynk app provides a user-friendly interface for scheduling and automation. The

system enhances energy efficiency and user convenience, demonstrating the ESP32's

potential for smart home applications.

Chakraborty et al. [8] provide a comprehensive review of Smart Home Systems

(SHS), examining current developments, technological trends, and key challenges. The

study highlights how SHSs cater to user needs through advanced hardware and

services, enhancing modern living. It also discusses future research trends and the

barriers to SHS implementation, offering valuable insights for designers and

policymakers.
 9

III. METHODOLOGY

A. Development Methods

Figure 1. Agile Methodology

Agile methodology is used for developing the smart and portable home control

system with esp32: empowering connectivity and automation, due to its flexibility and

iterative approach. The project is divided into smaller tasks and completed in short cycles

called sprints, focusing on specific features like integrating Wi-Fi, sensors, or the mobile

app interface. After each sprint, the team tests the new features to ensure they work

correctly, addressing any issues early through immediate feedback. Agile's adaptability

allows adjustments based on new information or changing requirements, ensuring the

system evolves to meet user needs. This process enhances the system continuously,

resulting in a reliable and user-friendly final product.

 10

B. Requirements Specifications

User Interface

Figure 2. User Interface

 11

Hardware Interface

Figure 3. Hardware assembly and wiring

The figure shows the interconnected components of the home control system, with

the ESP32 microcontroller as the central hub. It connects to the DHT11 sensor for

temperature and humidity monitoring and interfaces with a 2-channel relay module to

control appliances like light bulbs and fans. The OLED display, wired to the ESP32,

provides real-time feedback on environmental conditions and relay states. Power is

supplied through stable sources, ensuring consistent operation and highlighting effective

integration for seamless home automation.

 12

Software Interface

The codes below are used for the home control system to function.
#include <WiFi.h> display.print("s left)");
#include <ESPAsyncWebServer.h> } else {
#include <Wire.h> display.print("No Timer)");
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h> }
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h> } else {
#include <DHT.h> display.print("OFF");
}
// OLED Display settings // Relay 2
#define SCREEN_WIDTH 128 display.setCursor(0, 30);
#define SCREEN_HEIGHT 64 display.print("Relay 2: ");
#define OLED_RESET -1 if (relay2Active) {
#define OLED_SDA 21 display.print("ON (");
#define OLED_SCL 19 if (relay2EndTime > 0) {
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(SCREEN_WIDTH, display.print((relay2EndTime - millis()) / 1000);
SCREEN_HEIGHT, &Wire, OLED_RESET); display.print("s left)");
#define RELAY1_PIN 23 } else {
#define RELAY2_PIN 22 display.print("No Timer)");
}
// DHT11 settings } else {
#define DHTPIN 5 display.print("OFF");
#define DHTTYPE DHT11 }
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE); display.setCursor(0, 50);
display.print("T: ");
// Wi-Fi Credentials display.print(temperature);
const char* ssid = "ESP32-Relay"; display.print("C H: ");
const char* password = "123456789"; display.print(humidity);
// Web Server display.print("%");
AsyncWebServer server(80); display.display();
// Relay state and timers }
unsigned long relay1EndTime = 0; // Function to set relay states
unsigned long relay2EndTime = 0; void setRelayState(int relayPin, bool state) {
bool relay1Active = false; digitalWrite(relayPin, state ? HIGH : LOW);
bool relay2Active = false; updateDisplay();
float temperature = 0.0; }
float humidity = 0.0; void setup() {
void updateDisplay() { Serial.begin(115200);
display.clearDisplay(); pinM od e(RELAY1_PIN, OUTPUT);
display.setTextSize(1); pinM ode(RELAY2_PIN, OUTPUT);
display.setTextColor(SSD1306_WHITE); digital rite(RELAY1_PIN, LOW);
display.setCursor(0, 0); digitalWrite(RELAY2_PIN, LOW);
display.print("IP: "); Wire.begin(OLED_SDA, OLED_SCL);
display.println(WiFi.softAPIP()); if (!display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C)) {
Serial.println(F("OLED allocation failed"));
// Relay 1 for (;;); }
display.setCursor(0, 20); updateDisplay();
display.print("Relay 1: "); dht.begin();
if (relay1Active) { WiFi.softAP(ssid, password);
display.print("ON ("); Serial.println("Access Point Started");
if (relay1EndTime > 0) { Serial.print("IP Address: ");
display.print((relay1EndTime - millis()) / Serial.println(WiFi.softAPIP());
1000);
display.print("s left)");
} else {
display.print("No Timer)");
}
} else {
display.print("OFF");
 13

// Serve HTML page <button class="button on"

server.on("/", HTTP_GET, onclick="toggleRelay('relay1',
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) { 'on')">ON</button>
String html = R"rawliteral( <button class="button off"
<!DOCTYPE html> onclick="toggleRelay('relay1',
<html lang="en"> 'off')">OFF</button>
<head> </div>
<meta name="viewport" <div class="input-container">
content="width=device-width, initial- <input type="number" id="duration1"
scale=1.0"> class="input" placeholder="Duration (mins)">
<style> </div>
body {font-family: Arial, sans-serif; </div>
text-align: center; <div class="channel">
background-color: #2b2f3a; <h2>CHANNEL 2</h2>
color: white; <div class="buttons">
margin: 0; <button class="button on"
padding: 0;} onclick="toggleRelay('relay2',
.container {max-width: 400px; 'on')">ON</button>
margin: 20px auto; <button class="button off"
padding: 20px; onclick="toggleRelay('relay2',
background: #444; 'off')">OFF</button>
border-radius: 15px; </div>
box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, <div class="input-container">
0.5);} <input type="number" id="duration2"
h1 {font-size: 20px; class="input" placeholder="Duration (mins)">
margin-bottom: 20px; } </div>
.channel {margin -bottom: 20px; } </div>
.buttons {display: flex; <div class="status">
justify-content: center; <p>Temperature: <span id="temp">--
gap: 10px; } </span>°C</p>
.button { background-color: #fff; <p>Humidity: <span id="humidity">--
color: black; </span>%</p>
border: none; </div>
border-radius: 10px; </div>
padding: 10px 20px; <script>
font-size: 14px; function toggleRelay(relay, state) {
cursor: pointer; let duration =
transition: all 0.3s ease;} document.getElementById('duration' + (relay
.button.on:hover { background-color: === 'relay1' ? '1' : '2')).value || 0;
#04ff00; } fetch(`/${relay}/${state}?duration=${dur
.button.off:hover { background-color: ation}`);
#ff0000; } }
.input-container { margin-top: 10px; } function updateStatus() {
.input { padding: 5px; width: 80%; fetch('/status')
border-radius: 5px; } .then(response => response.json())
.status { margin-top: 20px; font-size: .then(data => {
16px; } document.getElementById('temp').
</style> textContent = data.temperature || '--';
</head> document.getElementById('humidit
<body> y').textContent = data.humidity || '--';
<div class="container"> });
<h1>SMART AND PORTABLE HOME }
CONTROL SYSTEM</h1> setInterval(updateStatus, 5000);
<div class="channel"> updateStatus();
<h2>CHANNEL 1</h2> </script>
<div class="buttons"> </body>
<button class="button on" </html>
onclick="toggleRelay('relay1', )rawliteral";
'on')">ON</button> request->send(200, "text/html", html);
<button class="button off" });
onclick="toggleRelay('relay1',
 14

relay1EndTime = duration > 0 ? millis() + {

duration : 0; relay1Active = false;
Technical=Background
C. relay1Active true; relay1EndTime = 0;
setRelayState(RELAY1_PIN, HIGH); setRelayState(RELAY1_PIN, LOW);
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Relay 1 }
ON"); if (relay2EndTime > 0 && now > relay2EndTime)
}); {
relay2Active = false;
server.on("/relay1/off", HTTP_GET, relay2EndTime = 0;
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) { setRelayState(RELAY2_PIN, LOW);
relay1Active = false; }
relay1EndTime = 0;
setRelayState(RELAY1_PIN, LOW); // Read DHT sensor data
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Relay 1 static unsigned long lastDHTUpdate = 0;
OFF"); if (now - lastDHTUpdate >= 2000) { // Update
}); every 2 seconds
lastDHTUpdate = now;
// Relay 2 handlers temperature = dht.readTemperature();
server.on("/relay2/on", HTTP_GET, humidity = dht.readHumidity();
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) { updateDisplay();
int duration = request->hasParam("duration") }
? request->getParam("duration")->value().toInt() }
* 60000 : 0;
relay2EndTime = duration > 0 ? millis() +
duration : 0;
relay2Active = true;
setRelayState(RELAY2_PIN, HIGH);
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Relay 2
ON");
});

server.on("/relay2/off", HTTP_GET,
[](AsyncWebServerRequest *request) {
relay2Active = false;
relay2EndTime = 0;
setRelayState(RELAY2_PIN, LOW);
request->send(200, "text/plain", "Relay 2
OFF");
});

server.begin();
}

void loop() {
unsigned long now = millis();
if (relay1EndTime > 0 && now > relay1EndTime)
}
}
 15

Hardware Requirements

The table below consists of materials used to create the home control system project.

Table 1. List of Materials

Hardware Components Description

ESP32 Microcontroller - The central

microcontroller responsible for managing Wi-Fi
connectivity, controlling relays, handling sensor
data, and hosting the web interface.
DHT11 Sensor - Monitors environmental
conditions and sends temperature and humidity
data to the ESP32 for display and web updates.
2-Channel Relay Module - Allows the ESP32 to
control high-power devices (e.g., appliances or
lights) safely through low-power signals.
OLED Display - Provides a visual interface for
real-time feedback on relay states, countdown
timers, and environmental data such as
temperature and humidity.
Male plug socket – Connects the system to a
power source or mains electricity, ensuring
reliable operation.
2-Female plug socket – Used to connect external
electrical devices or appliances to the relay-
controlled outputs.
PVC Junction Box - Serves as an enclosure to
house all the components, protecting them from
damage and providing a clean and organized
setup.
Wires - are flexible electrical wires used to make
connections between different components on a
circuit board or breadboard.
 16

Software Requirements

Figure 4. Arduino IDE

The Arduino IDE is utilized for writing, compiling, and uploading code

to the ESP32 microcontroller, which controls various sensors and actuators in the

home control system. It provides essential tools for code development and

debugging, ensuring the smooth operation of the ESP32.

Figure 5. Visual Studio Code

Visual Studio Code (VS Code) is employed for developing and managing

the web application that interfaces with the home control system. It allows for

efficient coding, testing, and debugging of the web-based interface, which enables

users to control and monitor their home appliances and environmental conditions.
 17

D. System Analysis and Design

System Overview

Figure 6. System overview

The home control system is securely housed in a PVC junction box, ensuring

durability and organization of the components. The front features a female plug socket,

allowing easy connection to various appliances. The side view showcases the wire for the

male plug, which connects to the power supply, providing essential electrical input. This

design highlights the practical and efficient layout of the system.

System Architecture

Schematic Diagram

Figure 7. Schematic Diagram of the system

 18

This figure illustrates the schematic diagram of the system. The ESP32

microcontroller acting as a control unit is connected to the OLED display, relay, and

DHT11 sensor. To provide a visual interface, the OLED displays real-time data, such as

temperature and humidity readings from the DHT11 sensor. The relay connected to the

ESP32 allows for the control of home appliances. The system would be able to make

particular devices on or off according to the given demands or preset conditions. This

system will ensure that efficient home automation is maintained because the interaction of

display, sensor, and relay coordinated using the microcontroller from ESP32 ensures a

seamless user-friendly experience.

Block Diagram

Figure 8. Block Diagram of the system

This figure illustrates the block diagram of the system that shows the interaction

of the components in the system. The 220V power source is connected to a 2-channel

relay that acts as a switch for turning appliances on and off. Another connection was

made to the OLED display to have a visual interface with the system. And the ESP32

microcontroller, the central processing unit of this system, is powered by a 5V power

 19

supply. The ESP32 receives data from the DHT11 sensor, which measures ambient

temperature and humidity, and sends control signals to the relay. The OLED display

also powered by the 5V supply will display the temperature and humidity readings from

the DHT11 sensor along with the status of the connected devices. This setup allows for

effective home automation, enabling users to monitor and control household appliances

from a distance using an interactive interface.

E. Testing and Evaluation

After conducting various tests and evaluations, the "Smart and Portable Home

Control System with ESP32" shows promising results. The system can effectively

manage two appliances at the same time without a problem. The DHT11 sensor basic

temperature and humidity reading is successfully displayed in the web interface and

the OLED display. The timer functionality is performing as expected, although it resets

if the relay is manually turned off before completion. These findings show that the

system is a reliable, efficient, and convenient solution for home automation.

 20

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Presentation of System Output

The project "Smart and Portable Home Control System with ESP32", was

successfully developed and implemented to control home appliances using web-based

interface. Utilizing the ESP32 microcontroller, the system effectively managed devices like

light bulbs and electric fans through a web-based interface. Additionally, it monitored

ambient temperature and humidity using the DHT11 sensor. The web interface provided

real-time updates on relay states, timers, and environmental conditions, ensuring user

convenience and efficient home management. Overall, the project achieved its objectives,

creating a user-friendly and efficient solution for home automation.

Evaluation of the System

The evaluation focused on assessing the system's performance and practicality.

Tests confirmed that the system maintained a stable connection and accurately controlled

two appliances. The DHT11 sensor provided reliable temperature and humidity readings,

although its accuracy was somewhat limited. The timer functionality operated as expected,

though it reset if the relay was manually turned off. User feedback highlighted the intuitive

and user-friendly web interface, despite occasional manual refresh requirements. The

system's dependency on a stable 5V power supply and the limited display capacity of the

OLED screen were identified as areas for improvement. Overall, the evaluation

demonstrated that the system is reliable, effective, and convenient for home automation,

with potential for further enhancement.

 21

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary

The Smart and Portable Home Control System with ESP32 was designed and

implemented to enhance home automation with relay control, environmental

monitoring, and a user-friendly web interface. Reliable performances in controlling

household appliances, environmental monitoring such as temperature and humidity,

and use of timer functionality characterized the system. Even though the system had

some limitations, its demonstration proved very appropriate for small-scale home

automation applications.

Conclusion

The study achieved its objectives in coming up with an efficient and portable

home automation solution based on the ESP32 microcontroller. The system proved

reliable for the remote control and monitoring tasks, which included a web interface

and environmental data display. Nevertheless, limitations such as dependence on

Access Point mode, lack of state retention, and restricted scalability present

opportunities for future enhancements.

Recommendations

1. Increased Connectivity: Include the ability to connect to external Wi-Fi

networks to control remotely over the internet.

2. Data Holding: Include non-volatile memory to save relay states and timer

configurations even in case of power outages.

 22

3. Scalable System: Increase the number of devices it controls by including more

relays or multi-channel modules.

4. Sensor Upgrade: Use higher accuracy sensors to monitor the environment more

accurately.

5. Interfaces Upgrade: Develop a dedicated mobile app for more user-friendly

interface interaction.

6. OLED Replace: A bigger or higher resolution of display to get more

information

These recommendations lay out the blueprint for upgrading the functionality,

reliability, and scalability of the system for future use.

 23

VI. REFERENCES

[1] X. Wenlei, Q. Wang, D. C. Luna, and D. Julius, “The Future of Smart Homes in the
Philippines,” Smart Systems and Green Energy, vol. 4, no. 1, 2022, doi:
10.23977/ssge.2022.040106.
[2] J. C. M. Resquites, M. A. Parrocho, N. Vinegas, and V. H. Oquiño, “IoT-Based
Temperature Monitoring and Automatic Fan Control Using ESP32,” IRE Journals, vol.
7, no. 5, Nov. 2023.
[3] N. T. Morallo, “Designing of Lighting Automation System Based on Arduino
Bluetooth Interface Using Android Smartphone as Platform,” JPAIR Multidisciplinary
Research Journal, vol. 28, no. 1, 2017. [Online]. Available:
https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=1230
[4] C. R. Prasad, “Internet of Things Based Home Monitoring and Device Control
Using ESP32,” Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., vol. 8, pp. 58–62, 2019.
[4] A. L. H. P. S., M. Shafiulla, S. Mohammed Naveed, S. Ahmed, S. Mohammed
Nawaz, and U. Kumar, "Home Automation Using Wi-Fi: ESP32-Based System for
Remote Control and Environmental Monitoring," in 2024 Third International
Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics
(ICDCECE), Ballari, India, 2024, pp. 1–7, doi:
10.1109/ICDCECE60827.2024.10549726.
[5] M. Senthilkumar, S. Ravikrishna, M. Sathiyanathan, B. Aiswarya, and K. Ananthi,
“YOLO-Based Adaptive Home Automation System,” in 2024 International
Conference on Smart Systems for Electrical, Electronics, Communication and
Computer Engineering (ICSSEECC), Coimbatore, India, 2024, pp. 552–556, doi:
10.1109/ICSSEECC61126.2024.10649529.
[6] K. Rahim and J. A.-F. Yahaya, “Smart Home Switch System Using IoT,” Evolution
in Electrical and Electronic Engineering, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 244–250, 2023. [Online].
Available:
https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/periodicals/index.php/eeee/article/view/10701
[7] A. Chakraborty, M. Islam, F. Shahriyar, S. Islam, H. Zaman, and M. Hasan, “Smart
Home System: A Comprehensive Review,” Journal of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, vol. 2023, pp. 1–30, 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/7616683.
24