Analog Filter

3. Laplace Transform

Institute of Technology of Cambodia

Electrical and Energy Engineering Departement

Theara SENG

10 October 2022
Outline
Introduction

Definition of Laplace
Transform

1 Introduction

2 Definition of Laplace Transform

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Introduction
Introduction

The transform based on the complex variable s is called the Laplace Definition of Laplace
Transform
Transform.
The Laplace Transform F(s) of a signal f(t) reveals characteristics of the
signal in the s-domain.
The Laplace Transform is invertible that is, if F(s) is the the Laplace
transform of a time domain signal f(t), we can recover f(t) from F(s) by
taking the inverse Laplace Transform of F(s)
One of the application of the Laplace Transform is solving differential
equations.
The Laplace Transform converts differential equations to algebraic
equations in s domain.

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Laplace Transform
The Laplace Transform of a continuous time signal f(t) Introduction

Definition of Laplace
Z ∞ Transform

F(s) = f(t)e−st dt
0−

The lower limit of the integration is t = 0− , which is the time just before
t = 0.
The integration does include t = 0, the value of signal at t = 0− is written
as f(0− ) and is called the initial condition of the signal.
The laplace transform is denoted by L, and the inverse Laplace transform
is denoted by L−1 . Thus

L[f(t)] = F[s]
−1
L [F(s)] = f[t]

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Laplace Transform
Introduction

Definition of Laplace
Transform
Find the Laplace Transform of the unit impulse
Z ∞
F(s) = f(t)est dt
0−

by the unit impulse:

f(t) = δ(t)
we get: Z ∞
F(s) = δ(t)e−st dt = 1
0−

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Laplace Transform
Find the Laplace transform of the unit step Introduction

Z ∞ Definition of Laplace
1 Transform
F(s) = u(t)e−st dt =
0− s

Find the Laplace transform of the eat

Z ∞ Z ∞
−at −st
F(s) = e e dt = e−(a+s)t dt
0− 0−
−1 h −(a+s)t i∞
F(s) = e
a+s 0
−1 h i
F(s) = e−∞ − e0
s+a
1
F(s) =
s+a
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Linearity Property
Introduction
The Laplace Transform of a linear combination of two signal, f1 (t) and Definition of Laplace
Transform
f2 (t), is a linear combination of the Laplace Transform F1 (s) and F2 (s)

L[a1 f1 (t) + a2 f2 (t)] = a1 F1 (s) + a2 F2 (s)

Proof
From the definition of Laplace Transform, from the equation above we get:
Z ∞
L[a1 f1 (t) + a2 f2 (t)] = [a1 f1 (t) + a2 f2 (t)]e−st dt
0−
Z ∞
= a1 f1 (t) + a2 f2 t
0−
= a1 F1 (s) + a2 F2 (s)

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Example of Linearity Property
Introduction

Definition of Laplace

Find the Laplace transform of f(t) = 2e−3t u(t) + 5e−4t u(t) Transform

Solution
since
2
L[2e−3t u(t)] =
s+3
and
5
L[5e−4t u(t)] =
s+4
so
2 5 7s + 23
L[2e−3t u(t) + 5e−4t u(t)] = + =
s+3 s+4 (s + 3)(s + 4)

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Time-Shifting Property
The Laplace Transform of f(t − td )u(t − td ), td > 0 is given by: Introduction

Definition of Laplace

L[f(t − td )u(t − td )] = e−td s F(s)

Transform

Proof
let t − td = τ , then t = td + τ and dt = dτ
Thus the Laplace Transform of f(t − td ) become:
Z ∞
L[f(t − td )] = f(t − td )e−st dt
0−
Z ∞
= f(τ )e−s(td +τ ) dτ
0−
Z ∞
= e−td s f(τ )e−sτ dτ
0−
td s
= e F(s)

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Example of Time-Shifting
Introduction
Find the Laplace transform of f(t) = u(t − 2)
Definition of Laplace
Solution Transform

Z ∞
F(s) = f(t)e−st dt
−
Z0∞
F(s) = u(t − 2)e−st dt
0−
Z ∞
F(s) = u(τ )e−(τ +2)s dτ
0−
Z ∞
−2s
F(s) = e e−sτ dτ
0−
1 −2s
F(s) = e
s

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Example
Find the Laplace Transform of cos(5t) Introduction

Solution Definition of Laplace

Transform
Z ∞
F(s) = cos(5t)e−st dt
0−
e5jt + e−5jt
cos(5t) =
2
Z ∞
1
F(s) = (e(5j−s)t + e−(5j+s)t )dt
2 0−
" #∞ " #∞
1 e−(s−5j) 1 e−(s+5j)
F(s) = − + −
2 s − 5j −
2 s + 5j
0 0−
 
1 1 1 s
F(s) = + = 2
2 s − 5j s + 5j s + 25

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