Question Bank with Solutions Probability

PROBABILITY
One Marks Questions (MCQ) 13. If A and B are not exclusive events such that
1. The chance of getting doublet with two dice is 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴), then
a) 2
3 1
b) 6 c) 6
5
d) 36
5 a) 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝐴 ≠ 𝐵 b) 𝐴 = 𝐵
c) 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = 𝜙 d) 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵)
2. If A and B are two events such that 𝑃(𝐴) ≠ 0 and
14. Two dice are thrown. If it is known that the sum of
𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 1 then
numbers on the dice was less than 6 the probability
a) 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵 b) 𝐵 ⊂ 𝐴
of getting a sum as 3 is
c) 𝐵 = 𝜙 d) 𝐴 = 𝜙 1 5 1 2
3. Let F is an event of a sample space S of an a) 18 b) 18
c) 5 d) 5
experiment, then 𝑃(𝑆/𝐹) is 15. A family has two children. The probability that both
a)−1 b) 0.25 c) 0.5 d) 1 the children are boys given that at least one of them
4. A and B are two events of a sample space S, if is a boy is
1 1 1 3
𝑃(𝐴) ≠ 0 and A is a subset of B, then 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) is a) b) c) d)
2 3 4 4
a)𝑃(𝐵) b)𝑃(𝑆) c)𝑃(𝐴) d) 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) 16. If A and B are two events such that 𝐴 ⊂ 𝐵
5. Let 𝐸 and 𝐹 be events of a sample space S of an and 𝑃(𝐵) ≠ 0,then which of the following is correct
experiment then 𝑃(𝐸|𝐹) + 𝑃(𝐸 ′ |𝐹)) = 𝑃(𝐵)
a) 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) b) 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) < 𝑃(𝐴)
a) 𝑃(𝐸) b) 𝑃(𝐹) c) 𝑃(𝑆) d) 𝑃(𝐹|𝐸)
7 9 4 c) 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) ≥ 𝑃(𝐴) d) None of these
6. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 13 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 13 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 13 then
17. If 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) > 𝑃(𝐴), then which of the following is
𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) 𝑖𝑠
4 4 9 3
correct
a) 7 b) 9 c) 13 d) 4 a) 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) < 𝑃(𝐵)
4 7
7. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 10 then 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = b) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) < 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵)
1 1 7 17 c) 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) > 𝑃(𝐵)
a) 10 b) 8 c) 8 d) 20
1
d) 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵)
8. If 𝑃(𝐴) = , 𝑃(𝐵) = 0, then 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) is 18. If A and B are any two events such that
2
1
a) 0 b) 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴), then
2
c) not defined d) 1 a) 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = 1 b) 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = 1
9. If A and B are two events such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.8 , c) 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = 0 d) 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = 0
𝑃(𝐵) = 0.5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 0.4, then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 19. A bag contains 17 tickets numbered from 1 to 17. A
a) 0.12 b) 0.20 ticket is drawn at random, then another ticket is
c) 0.32 d) 0.9 drawn without replacing the first one. The
10. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.6 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 0.5, then probability that both the tickets may show even
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) is equal to numbers is.
1 3 5 5 7 8 7 7
a ) 10 b)10 c) 6 d) 36 a) 34 b) 17
c) 16 d) 17

11. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.4, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.75 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.25 20. A flashlight has 10 batteries out of which 4 are dead.
then 𝑃(𝐴′ |𝐵) = If 3 batteries are selected without replacement and
1 2 1 3 tested, then the probability that all 3 are dead is
a) 3
b) 3 c) 4 d) 4 1 2 1 1
1 a) 30 b) 8
c) 15 d) 10
12. If 𝐴 and 𝐵 are two events such that 𝑃(𝐴) = 2
,
1 1
21. An urn contains 10 black and 5 white balls. Two balls
𝑃(𝐵) = 3 and 𝑃( A ∣ 𝐵) = 4.Then 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ). are drawn from the urn one after the other without
1 3 1 3
a) 4 b) 16 c) 12 d) 4 replacement. The probability that both drawn balls
are black is
3 4 2 5
a) 7 b) 7
c) 7 d) 7

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 1

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

22. Two cards are drawn without replacement from a 33. If A and B are independent events with 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3
pack of 52 cards. The probability of these two being and 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.6 then 𝑃(𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐵) =
aces is a) 0.18 b) 0.42 c) 0.12 d) 0.28
1 1 1 1 34. If A and B are independent events then
a) 26
b) 221 c) 2 d) 13
23. Three cards are drawn successively, without a) 𝐴 and 𝐵 are mutually exclusive
replacement from a pack of 52 well shuffled cards, b) 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′) = (1 − 𝑃(𝐴))(1 − 𝑃(𝐵))
the probability that 1st two cards are kings and the c) 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐵)
3rd card drawn is an ace is d) 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) = 1
1 4 2 3 1
a) b) 5525 c) 5525 d) 35. Given that the event A and B are such that 𝑃(𝐴) = ,
221 5525 2
3
24. If A and B are independent events then 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 5 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 𝑘, if A and B are
𝑃(𝐵)
a) 𝑃(𝐴) b) c) 𝑃(𝐵) d) 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) independent then value of 𝑘 is
𝑃(𝐴)
2 6 5 3
25. If A and B are independent events, a) 5 b) 5 c) 6 d) 5
then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 36. A die is thrown and a card is selected at random from
a) 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) b) 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐵) a deck of 52 playing cards. The probability of getting
𝑃(𝐴) an even number on the die and a spade card is
c) 𝑃(𝐴). 𝑃(𝐵) d)
𝑃(𝐵) 1 1 1 3
a) 2 b) 4 c) 8 d) 4
26. If A and B are independent events such that
3 1
𝑃(𝐴) = 5 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 5 then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) =
3 1 3 1 One Marks Questions (Fill in the blanks)
a) 5 b) 5 c) 25 d) 25
1. If a leap year is selected at random the chance that it
27. If A and B are independent events with 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3 will contain 53 Tuesday is _______
and 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4. then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 2. The probability of obtaining an even prime number
12
a) 100 b) 1.2 c) 0.0012 d) 12 on each die, when a pair of dice is rolled is _______
28. If A and B are independent events with 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3 3. A die is tossed thrice. The probability of getting an
and 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4. then 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = odd numbers at least once is_______
a) 0.58 b) 1 c) 0.45 d) 0.7 4. A die is thrown, if E is the event ‘the number
29. Let E and F are independent events such that appearing is multiple of 3’ and F be the event ‘the
𝑃(𝐸) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐹) = 0.3, then 𝑃(𝐸 𝑜𝑟 𝐹) is number appearing is even’ , then 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) is _____
1 3 3 1
a) 0.12 b) 0.9 c) 0.72 d) 2 5. If 𝑃(𝐸) = 5 , 𝑃(𝐹) = 10 , 𝑃(𝐸/𝐹) = 3, then 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹)
3 is _____
30. Let 𝐸 and 𝐹 be two events such that 𝑃(𝐸) = ,
5
1 1 6. If A and B are two events, if 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.2,
𝑃(𝐹) = 3 and 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 5 then 𝐸 and 𝐹 are
𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4, 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 0.6, then 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) is _____
a) Mutually exclusive b) Mutually Independent 7. If 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.5 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 0.32, then
c) Mutually Exhaustive d) None of these 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = ______
3 3 4 2
31. Let E and F be two events such that 𝑃(𝐸) = 5 , 8. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 13 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 13 and 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 13, then
3 1
𝑃(𝐹) = 10 , 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 5 then E and F are 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) =______
a) Mutually exclusive b) Mutually exhaustive 9. If 𝑃(𝐸) = 0.6, 𝑃(𝐹) = 0.3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 0.2,
c) Mutually independent d) None of these then 𝑃(𝐸/𝐹) =_____
32. If the events 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent such that 10. If F is the event of a sample space S of an
2 2
𝑃(𝐴′) = 3 and 𝑃(𝐵′) = 7 then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = experiment then 𝑃(𝑆/𝐹) =_______
5 2
3 5 4 1 11. If 2𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑃( B) = 13 &𝑃( A ∣ 𝐵) = 5, Then
a) 21 b) 21
c) 21
d) 21
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) is_____

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 2

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

6 2
12. If 𝑃(𝐴) = and 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = . Then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ANSWER KEY
11 3
is______ MCQ
13. If 𝐸 = {1,3,5}, 𝐹 = {2,3}, then 𝑃(𝐹/𝐸) =_____ QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY
14. A fair die is rolled the events 𝐸 = {1,3,5} 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 b 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 C
𝐹 = {2, 3} then 𝑃(𝐸/𝐹) is _____ 6 b 7 c 8 c 9 c 10 A
15. If A is a subset of B then 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) is ______
11 b 12 a 13 d 14 c 15 B
16. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.8, 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.5 and 𝑃(𝐵/𝐴) = 0.4, then
16 c 17 c 18 b 19 a 20 A
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) is ______
17. If A and B are mutually exclusive events then 21 a 22 b 23 c 24 a 25 C

𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = _____ 26 c 27 a 28 a 29 c 30 B
18. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐵) = 0.4. A and B are mutually 31 d 32 b 33 c 34 b 35 A
exclusive events then 𝑃(𝐴/𝐵) is _____ 36 c
19. Two balls are drawn at random with replacement FILL IN THE BLANK
from a box containing 10 black balls and 8 red balls
QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY QN KEY
then the probability that both the balls are red is 2 1 7 1 1
1 2 3 4 5
_____ 7 36 8 6 10
16 1 2
20. Two balls are drawn at random with replacement 6 0 7 25
8 2
9 3
10 1
2 4 1 1
from a box containing 10black and 8 red balls the 11 12 13 14 15 1
13 11 3 2
probability that 1st ball is black and 2nd ball red 16 0.32 17 0 18 0 19
16
20
20
81 81
is_____ 25 3 3 2 3
21 22 23 24 25
21. Two cards are drawn at random without replacement 102 7 25 5 8
2 5 1
from a pack of 52 playing cards, the probability that 26 9
27 7
28 2
both are black cards is________
22. An urn contains 10 black and 5 white balls, two balls Two , Three or Five Marks Questions
are drawn from the urn one after the other without
replacement. The probability that both drawn balls
Conditional Probability
are black is _____
3 1
1) Given that two numbers appearing on throwing
23. If 𝑃(𝐴) = 5 , 𝑃(𝐵) = 5 , A and B are independent two dice are different. Find the probability of
event, then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) =____ the event the sum of numbers on the dice is 4.
4
24. If A and B are independent events and 𝑃(𝐴) = 5 and Solution: Let 𝐴 be an event “two numbers
1 appearing on throwing two dice are different”
𝑃(𝐵) = , then 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) =____
2
(1,2), (1,3), (1,4), (1,5), (1,6)
25. If A and B are two independent events such that
1 1
(2,1), (2,3), (2,4), (2,5), (2,6)
𝑃(𝐴) = 4 and 𝑃(𝐵) = 2, then (3,1), (3,2), (3,4), (3,5), (3,6)
⟹𝐴=
𝑃(𝑛𝑜𝑡𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑜𝑡𝐵) =_______ (4,1), (4,2), (4,3), (4,5), (4,6)
3 (5,1), (5,2), (5,3), (5,4), (5,6)
26. If A and B be independent events with 𝑃(𝐴) = 5
{(6,1), (6,2), (6,3), (6,4), (6,5)}
4
and 𝑃(𝐵) = 9, then 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) =_______ ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 30
27. If A and B are two independent events 𝑃(𝐴) = 7,
1 𝑁𝑜𝑤, Let 𝐵 be an event “ sum of numbers on
1 the dice is 4”
𝑃(𝐵) = 6 , then 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) =_____
⟹ 𝐵 = {(1,3), (2,2), (3,1)} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐵) = 3
28. The probability of solving specific problem Now, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {(1,3), (3,1)} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 2
1 1
independently by A and B are 2 and 3 respectively. If 𝑛(𝐴∩𝐵) 2 1
Now, 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 𝑛(𝐴)
= 30 = 15
both try to solve the problem independently, the
probability that exactly one of them solves the
problem is _____

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 3

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

2) A couple has 2 children find the probability that Given E : tail appears on one coin
both are girls if it is known that elder child is ⟹ 𝐸 = {𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸) = 2
girls. Given : F : one coin shows head
Solution: Now 𝑆 = {𝐵𝐵, 𝐵𝐺, 𝐺𝐵, 𝐺𝐺} ⟹ 𝐹 = {𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐹) = 2
Now, Let 𝐴 be an event “Both are girls” Now, 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 2
𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 2
⟹ 𝐴 = {𝐺𝐺} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 1 Now, 𝑃(𝐸|𝐹) = =2=1
𝑛(𝐹)
Now, Let 𝐵 be an event “elder child is girl”
⟹ 𝐵 = {𝐺𝐵, 𝐺𝐺} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐵) = 2
6) Consider an experiment of tossing two fair
Now, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝐺𝐺} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1
𝑛(𝐴∩𝐵) 1
coins simultaneously. Find the probability that
Now, 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐵)
=2 both are heads. Given that atleast one of them
is head.
3) A family has 2 children. What is the conditional Solution: Now 𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇}
probability that both are girls. Given that Now, Let 𝐴 be an event “Both are heads”
1) The youngest is a girl ⟹ 𝐴 = {𝐻𝐻} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 1
2) Atleast one of them is a girl Now, Let 𝐵 be an event “atleast one of them is
Solution: Now 𝑆 = {𝐵𝐵, 𝐵𝐺, 𝐺𝐵, 𝐺𝐺} head”
Now, Let 𝐴 be an event “Both are girls” ⟹ 𝐵 = {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐵) = 3
⟹ 𝐴 = {𝐺𝐺} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 1 Now, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝐻𝐻} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1
1) Now, Let 𝐵 be an event “younger child is girl” 𝑛(𝐴∩𝐵) 1
Now, 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐵)
=3
⟹ 𝐵 = {𝐵𝐺, 𝐺𝐺} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐵) = 2
Now, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝐺𝐺} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1
𝑛(𝐴∩𝐵) 1
7) A fair dice is rolled. Consider events
Now, 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐵)
=2 𝑬 = {𝟏, 𝟑, 𝟓} and 𝑭 = {𝟐, 𝟑} then find 𝑷(𝑬|𝑭).
2) Now, Let 𝐶 be an event “Atleast one of them Solution: Now 𝑆 = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
is a girl” Given :𝐸 = {1,3,5} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸) = 3
⟹ 𝐶 = {𝐵𝐺, 𝐺𝐵, 𝐺𝐺} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐶) = 3 Given : 𝐹 = {2,3} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐹) = 2
Now, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐶 = {𝐺𝐺} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐶) = 1 Now, 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {3} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 1
𝑛(𝐴∩𝐶) 1 𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 1
Now, 𝑃(𝐴|𝐶) = = Now, 𝑃(𝐸|𝐹) = =2
𝑛(𝐶) 3 𝑛(𝐹)

4) Two coins are tossed once then find 𝑷(𝑬|𝑭) 8) 10 cards numbered from 1 to 10 are placed in a
where E : no tail appears and F : no head box mix up thoroughly and 1 card is drawn
appears random, if it is known that the number on the
Solution: Now 𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇} drawn card is more than 3. What is the
Given E : no tail appears probability that an even number it is.
⟹ 𝐸 = {𝐻𝐻} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸) = 1 Solution: Now 𝑆 = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
Given : F : no head appears Now, Let 𝐴 be an event “number on the drawn
⟹ 𝐹 = {𝑇𝑇} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐹) = 1 card is more than 3”
Now, 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = { } ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 0 ⟹ 𝐴 = {4,5,6,7,8,9,10} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 7
𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 0
Now, 𝑃(𝐸|𝐹) = =1=0 Now, Let 𝐵 be an event “number on the drawn
𝑛(𝐹)
card is even number”
⟹ 𝐵 = {2,4,6,8,10} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐵) = 5
5) Two coins are tossed once then find 𝑷(𝑬|𝑭)
Now, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {4,6,8,10} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 4
where E : tail appears on one coin and F : one
𝑛(𝐴∩𝐵) 4
coin shows head. Now, 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 𝑛(𝐴)
=7
Solution: Now 𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇}

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 4

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

9) An instructor has question bank consisting of = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

300 easy true/false questions, 200 difficult = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
true/false questions, 500 easy multiple choice = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)(1 − 𝑃(𝐴))
questions and 400 difficult MCQ’s. If a question = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴′ )
is selected at random from the question bank. = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴′ ) + 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴′ )
What is the probability that it will be an easy = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴′ )(1 − 𝑃(𝐵))
question given that it’s a MCQ. = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴′ )𝑃(𝐵′ )
Solution:
True/False MCQ Total 3) A die is thrown. If E is the event the number
Easy 300 500 800 appearing is a multiple of 3 are F be the event
the number appearing is even, then prove that
Difficult 200 400 600
E and F are independent events.
Total 500 900 1400
Solution: Now 𝑆 = {1,2,3,4,5,6} ⟹ 𝑛(𝑆) = 6
Given, 𝐸 is an event “number appearing is a
Now, Let 𝐴 be an event “selected question is
multiple of 3” ⟹ 𝐸 = {3,6} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸) = 2
easy” ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 800
𝑛(𝐸) 2 1
Now, Let 𝐵 be an event “selected question is ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑆)
=6=3
MCQ” ⟹ 𝑛(𝐵) = 900 Given, 𝐹 is an event “the number appearing is
Now, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {selected question is easy MCQ} even” ⟹ 𝐹 = {2,4,6} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐹) = 3
⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 500 ⟹ 𝑃(𝐹) =
𝑛(𝐹) 3
= =
1
𝑛(𝐴∩𝐵) 500 5 𝑛(𝑆) 6 2
Now, 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑛(𝐵)
= 900 = 9 Now, 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {6} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 1
𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 1
Now, 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 6 … . . (1)
Multiplication Theorem on Probability and 11 1
Independent Events Now, 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹) = 3 2 = 6 … . . (2)
1) Two cards are drawn random without From (1) and (2) 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹)
replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. ⟹ 𝐸 and 𝐹 are independent events
Find the probability that both are black cards.
Solution: Now 𝑛(𝑆) = 52 4) If A and B are independent events then prove
Now, Let 𝐴 be an event “first drawn card is that a) A and B’ b) A’ and B
black” ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 26 c) A’ and B’ are also independent
𝑛(𝐴) 26 1 Solutions: Given 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑛(𝑠)
= 52 = 2
events ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
Now, Let 𝐵 be an event “Second drawn card is
also black”
a) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
25
⟹ 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 51 ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 2 × 51
1 25 ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴) (1 − 𝑃(𝐵))
25 ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵′ )
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 102
⟹ 𝐴 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵′ are independent

2) If 𝑨 and 𝑩 are two independent events, then b) 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)

prove that the probability of occurrence of ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
atleast one of 𝑨 and 𝑩 is given by ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵) (1 − 𝑃(𝐴))
𝟏 − 𝑷(𝑨′ )𝑷(𝑩′) ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴′ )𝑃(𝐵)
Solution: Given 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events ⟹ 𝐴′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 are independent
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
Now, 𝑃(at least one of A and B)= 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 5

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

c) 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)′ = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) =

11
=
1
26 12
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 1 − (𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)) ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) ⟹ 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events.
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴′ ) − 𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴′ ) − 𝑃(𝐵)(1 − 𝑃(𝐴)) 7) 3 coins are tossed simultaneously consider an
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴′ ) − 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴′ ) event E “3 heads or 3 tails”. F be an event
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴′ ∩ 𝐵′ ) = 𝑃(𝐴′ )(1 − 𝑃(𝐵)) = 𝑃(𝐴′)𝑃(𝐵′) ‘atleast 2 heads’ and G be an event ‘atmost 2
⟹ 𝐴′ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵′ are independent heads’. Of the pairs (E,F), (E,G) (F,G) which are
independent? Which are dependent?
5) A die is thrown, if E be an event, the number Solutions: Now,
appearing is a multiple of 3 and F be an event 𝑆 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇}
the number appearing is even, Then state ⟹ 𝑛(𝑆) = 8
whether E and F are independent or not. Given: E is an event “3 heads or 3 tails”
Solutions: Now, 𝑆 = {1,2,3,4,5,6} ⟹ 𝑛(𝑆) = 6
⟹ 𝐸 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸) = 2
Given: E is an event “the number appearing is a
Given: F is an event “atleast 2 heads”
multiple of 3” ⟹ 𝐸 = {3,6} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸) = 2
⟹ 𝐹 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻, 𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, }
Given: F is an event “the number appearing is
⟹ 𝑛(𝐹) = 4
even” ⟹ 𝐹 = {2,4,6} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐹) = 3
Given: G is an event “atmost 2 heads”
Now, 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {6} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 1
𝑛(𝐸) 2 1 ⟹ 𝐺 = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝐻𝑇𝑇, 𝑇𝐻𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝑇, 𝑇𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝑇𝑇, }
Now, 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑆) = 6 = 3 ,
⟹ 𝑛(𝐺) = 7
𝑛(𝐹) 1 3
𝑃(𝐹) = = =2
𝑛(𝑆) 6
Now, 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {𝐻𝐻𝐻} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 1
𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 1 𝐹 ∩ 𝐺 = {𝐻𝐻𝑇, 𝐻𝑇𝐻, 𝑇𝐻𝐻} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐹 ∩ 𝐺) = 3
Now, 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑛(𝑆) = 6
𝐸 ∩ 𝐺 = {𝑇𝑇𝑇} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐹 ∩ 𝐺) = 1
11 1
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹) = 3 2 = 6 𝑛(𝐸) 2 1
Now, 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑆) = 8 = 4,
Now, 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹)
𝑛(𝐹) 4 1
⟹ 𝐸and F are independent. 𝑃(𝐹) = 𝑛(𝑆)
=8=2
𝑛(𝐺) 7
6) A fair coin and unbiased die are tossed. Let ‘A’ 𝑃(𝐺) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 8,
be an event ‘head appears on the coin’ and B be 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) =
𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹)
=8
1
𝑛(𝑆)
an event 3 on the die. Check whether A and B
𝑛(𝐹∩𝐺) 3
are independent or not. 𝑃(𝐹 ∩ 𝐺) = 𝑛(𝑆)
=8,
Solutions: Now, 𝑛(𝐸∩𝐺) 1
𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐺) = =8
𝑆 = {𝐻1, 𝐻2, 𝐻3, 𝐻4, 𝐻5, 𝐻6, 𝑇1, 𝑇2, 𝑇3, 𝑇4, 𝑇5, 𝑇6} 𝑛(𝑆)
11 1
⟹ 𝑛(𝑆) = 12 (i) 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹) = 4 2 = 8
Let 𝐴 be an event “head appears on the coin “
Now, 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹)
⟹ 𝐴 = {𝐻1, 𝐻2, 𝐻3, 𝐻4, 𝐻5, 𝐻6}
⟹ 𝐸and F are independent.
⟹ 𝑛(𝐴) = 6
17 7
𝑛(𝐴) 6 1 (ii) 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐺) = 4 8 = 32
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 12 = 2
Now, 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐺) ≠ 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐺)
Let 𝐵 be an event “3 appears on the die “
⟹ 𝐵 = {𝐻3, 𝑇3} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐵) = 2 ⟹ 𝐸and G are dependent.
17 7
⟹ 𝑃(𝐵) =
𝑛(𝐵)
=
2
=
1 (Iii) 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐹)𝑃(𝐺) = 2 8 = 16
𝑛(𝑆) 12 6
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = {𝐻3} ⟹ 𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 1 Now, 𝑃(𝐹 ∩ 𝐺) ≠ 𝑃(𝐹)𝑃(𝐺)
𝑛(𝐴∩𝐵) 1 ⟹ 𝐹and G are dependent.
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 12

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 6

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

8) A box of oranges inspected by examining 3 Now, Given : F: the card drawn is a king
randomly selected oranges drawn without ⟹ 𝑛(𝐹) = 4
replacement. If all the 3 oranges are good the 𝑛(𝐹) 4 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐹) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 52 = 13
box is approved for sale. Otherwise it is
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑘}
rejected. Find the probability that a box
⟹ 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 2
containing 15 oranges out of which 12 are good 𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 2 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = = = … . . (3)
and 3 are bad ones will be approved for sale? 𝑛(𝑆) 52 26
1 1 1
Solutions: Let 𝐸1 ,𝐸2 and 𝐸3 are the events Now, 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹) = 2 13 = 26 … … (4)
selected orange is good From (3) and (4), 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹)
12 4
Now, 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = = 5, ⟹ 𝐸 and 𝐹 are independent events
15
11 10
Now, 𝑃(𝐸2 |𝐸1 ) = 14 and 𝑃(𝐸3 |(𝐸1 ∩ 𝐸2 )) = 13
3) Given : E : the card drawn is a king or queen
Now, 𝑃(Oranges will be approved for sale)
⟹ 𝑛(𝐸) = 8 (4 𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑛)
= 𝑃(𝐸1 ∩ 𝐸2 ∩ 𝐸3 ) = 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐸2 |𝐸1 ) 𝑃(𝐸3 |(𝐸1 ∩ 𝐸2 )) 𝑛(𝐸) 8 2
4 11 10 2.11.2 44 ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑆) = 52 = 13
= 5 14 13 = 7.13
= 91
Given : F: the card drawn is a queen or jack
⟹ 𝑛(𝐹) = 8 (4 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑑 4 𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑘)
9) One card is drawn at random from a well
𝑛(𝐹) 8 2
shuffled deck of 52 cards. In which of the ⟹ 𝑃(𝐹) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 52 = 13
following cases , events E and F are 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑒𝑛}
independent. ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 4
1) E : the card drawn is a spade and F: the 𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 4 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 52 = 13 … . . (5)
card drawn is an ace 2 2 4
Now, 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹) = = … … (6)
2) E : the card drawn is black and F : the 13 13 169

card drawn is a king From (5) and (6), 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) ≠ 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹)

3) E : the card drawn is a king or queen and ⟹ 𝐸 and 𝐹 are not independent events
F : the card drawn is a queen or jack
Solutions: Now, 𝑛(𝑆) = 52 10) Probability of solving a specific problem
𝟏 𝟏
1) Given : E : the card drawn is a spade independently by A and B are 𝟐 and 𝟑
⟹ 𝑛(𝐸) = 13 respectively. If both try to solve the problem
𝑛(𝐸) 13 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸) = = = then find the probability that
𝑛(𝑆) 52 4
Now, Given : F: the card drawn is an ace a) the problem is solved
b) exactly one of them solves the problem
⟹ 𝑛(𝐹) = 4
𝑛(𝐹) 4 1 Solutions: Let 𝐴 be an event “ Problem is
⟹ 𝑃(𝐹) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 52 = 13 1
solved by A “ ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴) = 2
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝐸 ∩ 𝐹 = {𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑑 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑑𝑒}
Let 𝐵 be an event “ Problem is solved by B “
⟹ 𝑛(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 1
1
𝑛(𝐸∩𝐹) 1 ⟹ 𝑃(𝐵) = 3
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑛(𝑆) = 52 … . . (1)
1 1 1
Given 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent events
Now, 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹) = 4 13 = 52 … . (2) 11 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) = 2 3 = 6
From (1) and (2), 𝑃(𝐸 ∩ 𝐹) = 𝑃(𝐸)𝑃(𝐹)
⟹ 𝐸 and 𝐹 are independent events
a) 𝑃(𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑑))= 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵)
= 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃 (𝐴 ∩ 𝐵)
2) Given : E : the card drawn is black
= 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
⟹ 𝑛(𝐸) = 26 1 1 1 3+2−1 4 2
𝑛(𝐸) 26 1 = 2+3−6 = 6
=6=3
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸) = 𝑛(𝑆)
= 52
= 2

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 7

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

b)𝑃(𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑚 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚) Total Probability and Bayes’ Theorem
= 𝑃(𝐴 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐵 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝐴) 1) Bag – I contains 3 red and 4 black balls while
= 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵′ ) + 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐴′ ) another bag – II contains 5 red and 6 black balls.
= 𝑃(𝐴) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) One ball is drawn at random from one of the
= 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 2𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) bags and it is found to be red. Find the
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 2 + 3 − 2 (6) = 2 + 3 − 3 = 2 probability that it was drawn from Bag – II.
Solution:
11) Two balls are drawn at random with 3 Red 5 Red
replacement from a box containing 10 black and 4 Black 6 Black
8 red balls. Find the probability that Bag-I Bag-II
a) Both are red Let 𝐸1 be an event “Selected bag is bag-I ”
1
b) 1st ball is black and second is red ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 2
c) One of them is black and other is red Let 𝐸2 be an event “Selected bag is bag-II ”
Solutions: Let 𝐴 be an event “ drawn ball is 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 2
10 5
black “ ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴) = 18 = 9 Let 𝐴 be an event “drawn ball is red”
Let 𝐵 be an event “ drawn ball is red“ 3 5
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 7
and 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 11
8 4
⟹ 𝑃(𝐵) = = 𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )
18 9 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸2 |𝐴)= 𝑃(𝐸 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸
1 1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )
Here two balls are drawn with replacement 1 5 5
× 35
⟹ 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent =1 2 11
3 1 5 = 11
3 5 = 68
× + × +
2 7 2 11 7 11

a) 𝑃(𝐵𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑) = 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐵)

44 16 2) A bag contains 4 red and 4 black balls, another
= =
99 81 bag contains 2 red and 6 black balls. One of the
b) 𝑃(1st ball is black and second is red) two bags is selected at random and a ball is
54 20
= 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) = 9 9 = 81 drawn from the bag which is found to be red.
c) 𝑃(One of them is black and other is red) Find the probability that the ball is drawn from
= 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐴) the first bag?
= 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) + 𝑃(𝐵)𝑃(𝐴) Solution:
54 40
= 2𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) = 2 = 4 Red 2 Red
99 81
4 Black 6 Black
12) If A and B are independent events with Bag-I Bag-II
𝑷(𝑨) = 𝟎. 𝟑, 𝑷(𝑩) = 𝟎. 𝟒 then find Let 𝐸1 be an event “Selected bag is bag-I ”
1
a) 𝑷(𝑨 ∩ 𝑩) b) 𝑷(𝑨 ∪ 𝑩) ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 2
c) 𝑷(𝑨|𝑩) d) 𝑷(𝑩|𝑨) Let 𝐸2 be an event “Selected bag is bag-II ”
Solutions: Given 𝐴 and 𝐵 are independent 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 2
events ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵)
Let 𝐴 be an event “drawn ball is red”
4 2
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) =
a) 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴)𝑃(𝐵) = (0.3)(0.4) = 0.12 8 8
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )
b) 𝑃(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) − 𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸1 |𝐴)= 𝑃(𝐸
1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )
= 0.3 + 0.4 − 0.12 = 0.68 1 4
× 4 4 2
2 8
𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0.12 =1 4 1 2 = 4+2 = 6 = 3
c) 𝑃(𝐴|𝐵) = 𝑃(𝐵)
= 0.4 = 0.3 × + ×
2 8 2 8

𝑃(𝐴∩𝐵) 0.12
d) 𝑃(𝐵|𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐴) = 0.3 = 0.4

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 8

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

3) Given three identical boxes I, II, III each 𝑛(𝐸1 ) 2000 2

⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 12000 12
containing two coins. In box I, both coins are 𝑛(𝐸2 ) 4000 4
𝑃(𝐸2 ) = = 12000 = 12
gold coins. In box II both are silver coins & in 𝑛(𝑆)
𝑛(𝐸3 ) 6000 6
the box III there is one gold & one silver random 𝑃(𝐸3 ) = = 12000 = 12
𝑛(𝑆)
& takes out a coin. If the coin is of gold, what is
Let 𝐴 be an event “Selected person meet with
the probability that the other coin in the box is
an accident”
also gold? 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 0.01 = 100
Solution:
3 15
𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 0.03 = , 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸3 ) =0.15 =
2 Gold 100 100
0 Gold 1 Gold
0 silver 2 Silver 1 Silver Now,
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )
Box-I Box-II Box-II 𝑃(𝐸1 |𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )+𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸3 )
2 1
Let 𝐸1 be an event “Selected box is box-I ” ×
12 100 2 2 1
= 2 1 4 3 6 15 = 2+12+90 = 104 = 52
1 × + × + ×
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 3
12 100 12 100 12 100

Let 𝐸2 be an event “Selected box is box-II ”

1 5) Two groups competing for the position on
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) =
3 the board of directors of a corporation. The
Let 𝐸3 be an event “Selected box is box-III ”
1
probabilities that the first and second
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸3 ) =
3 groups will win are 0.6 and 0.4 respectively.
Let 𝐴 be an event “drawn coin is gold”
Further, if the first group wins, the
2
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = probability of introducing a new product is
2
0
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 2 0.7 and the corresponding probability is 0.3
1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸3 ) = if the second group wins. Find the
2
Now, probability that the new product was
𝑃(𝐸1 |𝐴) =
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) introduced by the second group.
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )+𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸3 )
1 2 Solution: Let 𝐸1 be an event “First group will win”
× 2 2
3 2 6 3
= 1 2 1 0 1 1 = 2+0+1
= 3 ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 0.6 = =
× + × + × 10 5
3 2 3 2 3 2

Let 𝐸2 be an event “Second group will win”

4 2
4) An insurance company insured 2000 scooter ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 0.4 = 10 = 5
drivers, 4000 car drivers and 6000 truck drivers. Let 𝐴 be an event “introducing a new product”
The probability of an accidents are 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏, 7
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 0.7 = 10
𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 and 𝟎. 𝟏𝟓 respectively. One of the insured 3
person meets with an accident. What is the ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 0.3 = 10
𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )
probability that he is a scooter driver? 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸2 |𝐴)= 𝑃(𝐸
1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )
Solution: Let 𝐸1 be an event “insured person is a 2 3
×
5 10 6 6 2
scooter driver” ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸1 ) = 2000 = 3 7 2 3 = = =
× + × 21+6 27 9
5 10 5 10
Let 𝐸2 be an event “insured person is a car
driver” ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸2 ) = 4000
Let 𝐸3 be an event “insured person is a truck
driver” ⟹ 𝑛(𝐸3 ) = 6000
Now, 𝑛(𝑆) = 2000 + 4000 + 6000 = 12000

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 9

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

6) A factory, which manufactures bolts, machines 30 3

⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 30% = =
100 10
A, B and C manufacture respectively 25%, 35% Let 𝐸3 be an event “Product manufactured by
and 40% of the bolts. Of their outputs, 5, 4 & 2 the machine operator C”
percent are respectively defective bolts. A bolt 20 2
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸3 ) = 20% = 100 = 10
is drawn at random from the product and it is
Let 𝐴 be an event “Drawn product is defective”
found to be defective. What is the probability
1
that it is manufactured by the machine B? ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 1% = 100
5
Solution: 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 5% = and
100
Let 𝐸1 be an event “bolts manufactured by 7
25
𝑃(𝐴|𝐸3 ) =7% = 100
machine A” ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 25% =
100 Now,
Let 𝐸2 be an event “bolts manufactured by 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )
35
𝑃(𝐸1 |𝐴) = 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )+𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸3 )
machine B” ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 35% =
100 5
×
1
10 100 5 5
Let 𝐸3 be an event “bolts manufactured by = 5 1 3 5 2 7 = 5+15+14 = 34
× + × + ×
40 10 100 10 100 10 100
machine C” ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸3 ) = 40% = 100
Let 𝐴 be an event “Drawn bolt is defective” 8) In answering a multiple choice question a
5
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 5% = 100 student either knows the answer or
4 𝟑
𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 4% = 100
and guesses. Let 𝟒 be the probability that he
2
𝑃(𝐴|𝐸3 ) =2% = 𝟏
100 knows the answer and 𝟒 be the probability
Now,
𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) that he guesses. Assuming that a student
𝑃(𝐸2 |𝐴) = )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸
𝑃(𝐸1 1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )+𝑃(𝐸3 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸3 ) who guesses the answer will be correct
35 4
× 140 𝟏
100 100
= 25 5 35 4 40 2 = with the probability 𝟒. What is the
× + × + × 125+140+80
100 100 100 100 100 100
140 28
= = probability that a student knows the
345 69
answer. Given that he answered it
7) A manufacturer has three machine correctly.
operators A, B and C. The first operator A Solution: Let 𝐸1 be an event “Student knows the
produces 1% defective items, whereas the answer”
other two operators B and C produce 5% 3
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 4
and 7% defective items respectively. A is on Let 𝐸2 be an event “Student guesses the
the job for 50% of the time, B is on the job answer”
for 30% of the time and C is on the job for 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 4
20% of the time. A defective item is
Let 𝐴 be an event “Student answered question
produced, what is the probability that it
correctly”
was produced by A?
4
Solution: ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 1 = 4
Let 𝐸1 be an event “Product manufactured by 1
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) =
4
the machine operator A” 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )
50 5 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸1 |𝐴)= 𝑃(𝐸 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 50% = = 1 1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )
100 10 3 4
× 12 12
Let 𝐸2 be an event “Product manufactured by = 4 4
3 4 1 1 = 12+1 = 13
× + ×
the machine operator B” 4 4 4 4

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 10

Question Bank with Solutions Probability

99.9
9) Of the students in a college, it is known that ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 99.9% =
100
60% reside in hostel and 40% are day Let 𝐴 be an event “pathologist reports
scholar. Previous year results report that him/her as HIV +ve”
30% of the student who reside in hostel ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 90% = 100
90

attain ‘A’ grade and 20% of day scholars 1

⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 1% = 100
attain ‘A’ grade in their annual
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )
examination. At the end of the year one 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸1 |𝐴)=
𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )
0.1 90
student is chosen at random from college ×
100 100 9 9
= 0.1 90 99.9 1 = 9+99.9 = 108.9 = 0.0826
and he has ‘A’ grade. What is the × + ×
100 100 100 100

probability that the student is a hosteller?

Solution: Let 𝐸1 be an event “Selected student 11) A man is known to speak truth 3 out of 4 times.
reside in hostel” He throws a die and reports that it is a six. Find
60 3 the probability that it is actually a six.
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 60% = 100 = 5
Solution: Let 𝐸1 be an event “six appears on a
Let 𝐸2 be an event “Selected student is a day 1
die” ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 6
scholar”
40 2 Let 𝐸2 be an event “six does not appears on a
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) = 40% = 100 = 5 5
die” ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) =
Let 𝐴 be an event “Selected student has A grade” 6
30 3 Let 𝐴 be an event “Person reports that it is a six”
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 30% = 100 = 10
3
20 2 ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 𝑃(𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡ℎ) =
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 20% = = 4
100 10 1
𝑃(𝐸 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸 ) ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 𝑃(𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑒) = 4
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸1 |𝐴)= 𝑃(𝐸 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )+𝑃(𝐸 1)𝑃(𝐴|𝐸 ) 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )
1 1 2 2
3 3
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸1 |𝐴)= 𝑃(𝐸
× 9 9 1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )
5 10
= 3 3 2 2 = 9+4 = 13 1 3
× 3 3
× + × 6 4
5 10 5 10 = 1 3 5 1 = 3+5 = 8
× + ×
6 4 6 4

10) Suppose that the reliability of a HIV test is

12) A man who know to speak truth 4 out of 5
specified as follows: Of people having HIV,
times. He tossed a coin and reports that it is
90% of the test detects the disease but 10%
head. Find the probability that it is actually
go undetected. Of people free of HIV, 99%
head.
of the test are judged HIV –ve but 1% are Solution: Let 𝐸1 be an event “head appears on a
diagnosed as showing HIV +ve. From a large 1
coin” ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 2
population of which only 0.1% have HIV,
Let 𝐸2 be an event “head does not appears on a
one person is selected at random, given the 1
coin” ⟹ 𝑃(𝐸2 ) =
HIV test, and the pathologist reports 2
Let 𝐴 be an event “Person reports that it is a head”
him/her as HIV +ve. What is the probability 4
⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 ) = 𝑃(𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑡ℎ) = 5
that the person actually has HIV?
1
Solution: Let 𝐸1 be an event “Selected person ⟹ 𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 ) = 𝑃(𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑠 𝑙𝑖𝑒) = 5
have HIV” 𝑃(𝐸1 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸1 )
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑃(𝐸1 |𝐴)= 𝑃(𝐸 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸
0.1 1 1 )+𝑃(𝐸2 )𝑃(𝐴|𝐸2 )
⟹ 𝑃(𝐸1 ) = 0.1% = 100 1 4
×
2 5 4 4
Let 𝐸2 be an event “Selected person do not have =1 4 1 1 = 4+1 = 5
× + ×
2 5 2 5
HIV”

Mr. Sharath Patil G H, Lecturer, Dept of Mathematics, DAVANGERE Page 11