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Data Structures and Algorithms Notes

Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) are essential for efficient problem-solving, covering concepts like arrays, linked lists, trees, graphs, sorting algorithms, recursion, dynamic programming, and hashing. Key examples include arrays and linked lists for data storage, binary trees for hierarchical data, and various sorting methods like merge sort and quick sort. Mastering these concepts enhances coding interview skills.

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33 views2 pages

Data Structures and Algorithms Notes

Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA) are essential for efficient problem-solving, covering concepts like arrays, linked lists, trees, graphs, sorting algorithms, recursion, dynamic programming, and hashing. Key examples include arrays and linked lists for data storage, binary trees for hierarchical data, and various sorting methods like merge sort and quick sort. Mastering these concepts enhances coding interview skills.

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trashworkmail123
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Data Structures and Algorithms Notes

Data structures and algorithms (DSA) are fundamental for efficient problem-solving.

**1. Arrays and Linked Lists**

Arrays store elements in contiguous memory locations, while linked lists use nodes.

- **Array example:** `int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};`

- **Linked List example:**

```cpp

struct Node { int data; Node* next; };

```

**2. Trees and Graphs**

- **Binary Trees** Each node has at most two children.

- **Graphs** Represent networks (nodes and edges).

- **BFS & DFS** Used for searching graphs.

**3. Sorting Algorithms**

- **Merge Sort** Divide-and-conquer algorithm.

- **Quick Sort** Uses pivot selection for sorting.

**4. Recursion and Dynamic Programming**

- **Recursion** A function calling itself.

- **Dynamic Programming** Optimizes recursive problems by storing intermediate results.

**5. Hashing and Its Applications**

Hashing helps in fast lookups (e.g., HashMap in Java).


- Example:

```java

HashMap<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();

map.put("Alice", 25);

```

Mastering DSA improves problem-solving skills in coding interviews.

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