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Module 6_ PR2

Independent variables (IV) are suspected causes in a causal relationship, categorized as active IV (interventions) and attribute IV (intrinsic characteristics). Dependent variables (DV) are influenced by the IV and represent the outcomes of the intervention. Examples illustrate how IV and DV are used in both experimental and observational research settings.

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Mariz Dumaran
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2 views

Module 6_ PR2

Independent variables (IV) are suspected causes in a causal relationship, categorized as active IV (interventions) and attribute IV (intrinsic characteristics). Dependent variables (DV) are influenced by the IV and represent the outcomes of the intervention. Examples illustrate how IV and DV are used in both experimental and observational research settings.

Uploaded by

Mariz Dumaran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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II.

Independent Variables (IV)


Independent variables (IV) are those that are suspected of being the cause in a causal relationship. If we are asking a cause and effect
question, our IV will be the variable (or variables if more than one) that we suspect causes the effect.
There are two main sorts of IV, active IV and attribute IV:
• Active IV are interventions or conditions we apply to participants. These can be a teaching strategy for the nursery students, a new
therapy for clients, or a new training program being tested on employees.
• Attribute IV are intrinsic characteristics of the participants that are suspected of causing a result. For example, if we are examining
whether gender—which is intrinsic to the participants—results in higher or lower scores on some skill, then gender is an attribute IV.
Independent variables can be called predictor or criterion variable in predictive questions where a variable is thought to predict another
variable, rather than asked whether it causes the other.

III. Dependent Variables (DV)


Dependent variables (DV) are those that are influenced by the IV. If we ask, "Does A cause/predict/influence/affect B?," then B is the
DV.
• DV are variables that depend on or are influenced by the IV.
• DV are outcomes or results of the influence of the IV.
• DV answer the question: What do I observe happening when I apply the intervention?
• DV receives the intervention.

The dependent variables are usually called outcome variables in predictive questions or questions about differences between groups
but no manipulation of an IV.
IV. Examples of Variables in Researches
In experimental research, the IV is manipulated or changed by the experimenter to measure the effect of this change on the DV.
Example:
• A doctor is studying the impact of a new medication on the bloodpressure of patients with hypertension. To test whether the
medication is effective, he divides the patients into two groups. One group takes the medication, while the other group takes a sugar pill
placebo.
 The IV is the treatment that he used between groups: the type of pill given to the patients.
 The DV is the outcome that he measures: the blood pressure of the patients.
Outside of an experimental setting, we cannot directly manipulate or change an IV. Instead, we must find already-existing examples of
the IV and examine how different values change the outcome of the DV.
Example:
• A government officer is interested in whether a higher minimum wage impacts the weekly wage growth of workers in Metro Manila
fast-food industry. He looks at the wages of fast-food employees in two neighboring cities, one of which raised its minimum wage last
year, while the other did not.
 The IV is the rise in the minimum wage. Although he could not control it himself, he can make use of the change in the
research.
 The DV is the difference in weekly wage growth between the two cities.

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