In order for your student to be a “Tech Power User”, he/she must fully

understand the different parts of the screen and how to navigate in and
around these parts. This post will focus on ribbon concepts; including JAWS
navigating commands. Before diving into the ribbon, it is important that
students understand where the ribbon is physically located. At the very top of
the Microsoft Word document is the Title and just below the title are two
ribbons. Let’s take a closer look at the “ribbon” in Microsoft Word.

Keep in mind that the National Technology Standards dictate that students
should be introduced to Word Processing in kindergarten and should master
basic word processing skills by second grade and higher skills (such as
formatting and copy/paste) by third or fourth grade.

What is the ribbon?

The ribbon is a command bar that organizes a program’s features into a
series of tabs at the top of the screen. Ribbon tabs are composed of groups
of closely related commands, designed to help users quickly find desired
commands. Each ribbon is a bar (line) across the page.

Upper Ribbon Tabs

The upper ribbon, also known as the menu bar. The current upper ribbon tabs
are:

 Home
 Insert
 Draw
 Design
 Layout
 References
 Mailings
 Review
 View
 Tell Me

On the far right side of the bar are two buttons:

 Share
  Comments

File Folder Tab Activity 1: Upper Ribbon

Materials: 10 file folders, brailled sheets (or large print sheets)

Prep: Braille the 10 ribbon tabs (Home, Insert, Draw, Design, Layout,
References, Mailings, Review, View and Tell Me). Places a braille label on the
tab of each file folder. Ideally, the file folder tabs will be in descending order,
meaning that the physical tab for Home file folder will be on the very left side
of the file folder, the physical tab for the Insert file folder will be next position
tab, slightly to the right, etc. so that when the folders are stacked on top of
each other, the braille labels will seen in the same order as the ribbon bar on
the computer.

Activity: With the folders stacked in order, ask the student to read the labels
starting with the top folder (tab is far left with the braille and/or print label,
“Home”). Shuffle the folders and ask the student to put them in order. If
appropriate, ask the student to guess what types of commands might be
under each tab. Call out a couple of commands and ask what tab that
command might fall under. Next, in Microsoft Word, ask the student to
navigate through the tabs in the upper ribbon. Can the student recite the tabs
in order?

Navigating the Upper Ribbon with JAWS

When Word is opened, the JAWS focus is on the content of the Word
document.

 Alt key jumps the focus to the Upper Ribbon

 Right arrow to navigate across the Upper Ribbon to the next tab
 Left arrow to navigate across the Upper Ribbon to the previous tab
 Escape key to go back to the document content

KeyTips (Shortcut Command)

Listen carefully to the JAWS announcements, as JAWS will state the Keytip
(shortcut command). Example: Alt, N (press individually) will jump from the
document content to Insert.
See the video tutorial at the end of this post for step-by-step instructions.

Lower Ribbon
Below the upper ribbon is the lower ribbon, also known as the Toolbar.

The lower ribbon changes according to which tab is selected in the top ribbon
– it is directly associated with a specific tab in the top ribbon.

Teacher Hint: It is overwhelming to memorize all the options/commands

available under each tab, especially for young students and/or beginners with
tech. Carefully consider how much information to share with your student
according to your student’s age and abilities. Some students may want to
explore each and every option, while others may only be ready for one option
under the Home tab. The tab descriptions below are middle of the road –
providing general information about each tab without going into nitty-gritty
details. As an educator, read the entire post to understand the big picture and
then break down the concepts to fit your student’s needs. For young or
beginner tech users, start with the description of the upper ribbon and then do
the beginning File Folder Tab Lesson before introducing the overview of each
tab.

Keep in mind that options available in the ribbon may change with software
updates – and that’s OK! This post is a guide that can be adapted to
accommodate any updates that might impact the ribbon!

Home Tab

The Home tab is organized into commands that fall under these “groupings”:
Clipboard, Font, Paragraph, and Styles. (Visually, there is a vertical line
between these sections.) There are additional options (available in a drop
down menu) under each of some of these areas.

Note: Use the term “groupings” as that is the word that JAWS uses.

Students with low vision will be particularly interested in these formatting

options, which enable users to change the font type, size, and spacing
between lines, as well as change the color themes.
Students who rely on screen readers will want to use the Styles (Headings)
options which provides screen reader navigating options within the Word
document. Students (and educators) should use Heading 1 for the title of the
document, Heading 2 is for main ideas, headings 3 for subtopics, etc.
(Example: In this post, the title of the post is Heading 1, “What is a Ribbon” (a
main idea) is Heading 2, “Home tab” (a subtopic) is Heading 3, and
“Resources” (a subtopic under the Home Tab heading) is Heading 4. Students
using a screen reader can use a Heading command to skim this post or use
Heading 4 to jump directly to a specific area – Resources.

When creating documents, students (and educators) should always use the
Paragraph Styles options to create bullet points or number items to make
these lists accessible with a screen reader.

Resources

 Creating Headings for a Screen Reader: Lesson Plan post (Explains

Headings and has Heading-related lesson activities)
 Reading Efficiently with a Screen reader: Headings post (This post
explains Headings and has activities – it is specifically about using the
Rotor for Headings in iOS; the Headings concepts pertains to laptops
too)
 Common Core State Standards K-12 Technology Skills Scope and
Sequence (break down of tech skills by grade level)

Insert Tab

The Insert tab is used to insert or add extra features to the document, such as
pictures, shapes, pages, symbols, etc. Icons and text are used to identify
these options. Most of these options have a drop down menu for additional
features. The Insert commands are organized by commands that fall into
these groupings: Pages, Tables, Illustrations, Add-ins, Media,
Links,Comments, Header and Footer, Text and Symbols.

Draw Tab

The Draw tab enables the user to draw in the Word document. The Draw tab
is available with Office 365 and if available, may need to be added to your
ribbon. The Draw tab has options for choosing what you want to do
(draw/eraser), type of pen tool, and draw with trackpad.
Design Tab

The design tab provides format themes, backgrounds, color schemes, page
borders, etc. for your document. If you do not see the Design tab and you
would like it in your ribbon, go to File > Options > Customize Ribbon and
check the box beside Design.

Layout Tab

The Layout tab enables the user to control the layout, including the page
orientation, margins, etc. The Layout options are organized by commands that
fall under: Page Setup, Margins, and Arrangement.

References Tab

The Reference tab enables the user to enter document sources and citations,
create a table of contents, add an index, etc. The Reference tab is organized
by commands that fall under these groupings: Table of Contents, Footnotes,
Research, Citations, Captions, Index, and Table Authorities,

Mailings Tab

The Mailings Tab enables the user to merge emails, writing and inserting
different fields, etc. and is the least used tab. The Mailings tab is organized by
commands that fall under these groupings: Address, Start Mail Merge, Insert
Fields, Preview, Merge Range, and Finish.

Review Tab
The Review Tab enables users to proofread, add or remove comments, track
changes, Read Aloud, check accessibility, etc.

Students with low vision who are not using a screen reader can access Read
Aloud.

Educators who are creating Word documents for classroom use should use
the Check Accessibility to check their documents for common accessibility
errors.

Students are often involved in group projects that require tracking as peers
provide comments to the documents and teachers often provide comments
directly in the digital document. After learning the basic Word processing skills
(such as copy and paste), the next step for students is to learn to use features
in the Review tab in order to work on group projects.

The Review tab is organized by commands that fall under these groupings:
Proofreading, Read Aloud, Accessibility, Translate, Comments, Tracking,
Reviewing, Accept, Compare, Protect, Ink, and Resume Assistance.

View Tab

The View tab enables users to switch between different views of the
document such as seeing more than one page at a time, boundaries, grids
and rulers. The View Tab now includes accessibility features such as Focus,
Immersive Reader, and Zoom. The View Tab is organized by commands that
fall under these groupings: Document View, Accessibility, Show/Hide, Zoom,
Window, and Macros.

The Focus option will hide everything at the top of the Word document,
leaving just the blank (or written text) on the page. Focus mode was designed
to remove any distractions from the document so that students can focus on
their writing (or reading). When in Word and using a Mac, Control + Shift +
Command + F will toggle Focus on and off.

Resources
Tell Me

Tell Me is a help textbox that enables users to type in keywords to ask a

question about Word.

Teaching the Ribbon

As you teach students to use items in the ribbon, use the National Technology
Standards Scope and Sequence as a guideline of what skills should be taught
when. Students should also be taught the same skills at the before or with
their peers.

Note: The terms “menu”, “toolbar” and “ribbon” are sometimes interchanged;
however, when teaching students, it is best to use the proper terminology.
Upper Ribbon and Lower Ribbon is very clear, while “menu” and “toolbar” are
often used generically to mean any part of the ribbon.

File Folder Tab Activity 2: Lower Ribbon

The following activity will help build the ribbon concept. Initially, start with a
few of the most common commands under the Home tab, before introducing
additional tabs.

Materials and Prep:

 File Folders from Activity 1

 Braille (or large print) the list of options under each Tab by category in
the order that it appears in Word. Braille a separate page for each
folder/tab. Therre are lots of options, depending on your student’s
ability:
o Braille the groupings labels (Clipboard, Font, Paragraph and
Styles for the Home tab)
o Braille all the details information (Paste, Cut, Copy, apply style to
all, font, size, etc.)
o Braille only include the most important options under that tab.
o Braille only the commands that you want your student to know
(add to list as more commands are learned)
o Customized combination!

Activity: Stack the folders in order, with the Home tab on top. Ideally, students
should see each brailled tab, slightly to the right of the previous tab. Ask the
student to open the Home folder and read the list of groupings and/or
command options on the braille sheet. For a young or beginner student, talk
about the list of items under the Home tab. Then, move to Word on the
computer and navigate to the Home button and find a specific item in the
lower ribbon. For older students, you might choose to have the student read
the braille sheets in two or more folders. Quiz the student by naming a
command and asking which tab that command is listed under. Move to the
computer and find specific lower ribbon commands.

Navigating the Upper Ribbon with JAWS

When Word is opened, the JAWS focus is on the content of the Word
document.

 Alt key jumps the focus to the Upper Ribbon

 Right arrow to navigate across the Upper Ribbon to the next tab
 Left arrow to navigate across the Upper Ribbon to the previous tab
 Escape key to go back to the document content
 Tab key jumps to Lower Ribbon (from Upper Ribbon) and then Tab key
navigates across the items in the Lower Ribbon
 Shift Tab key moves to the previous item in the Lower Ribbon

KeyTips (Shortcut Command)

Listen carefully to the JAWS announcements, as JAWS will state the Keytip
(shortcut command). Example: Alt, N (press individually) will jump from the
document content to Insert. Alt, N, T is the shortcut command to jump directly
to Table in the Insert, Lower Ribbon.
TUTORIAL QUESTIONS
Which of these acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer
hardware? (a) operating system (b) user thread (c) application program (d) ms excel
Which one of the following software applications would be the most appropriate for performing
numerical and statistical calculations? (a) database (b) document processor (c) graphics
package (d) spreadsheet
One of these is not a modern method of transmitting information. (a) flutters (b) telex (c)
telephone (d) e-mail
The act of using a computer to create, edit and print a document is known as_______ (a) word
processing (b) PowerPoint presentation (c) graphic creation (d) CorelDraw
Which of the following is not a contribution of ICT to education? (a) the use of projectors and
interactive boards in conventional classrooms (b) electronic teaching and learning on the
internet (c) the use of white marker boards for classroom learning (d) the use of e-mails
for submitting or grading assignments
Algorithm and flowchart help us to (a) know the memory capacity (b) identify the base of a
number system (c) Specify the problem completely and clearly (d) direct the output to a
printer
Which of the following is not a way by which people communicated before the advent of the
internet? (a) NIPOST (b) telex (c) fax (d) whatsaApp
Which of these is a word processor? (a) Ms word (b) Ms PowerPoint (c) Ms excel (d) CorelDraw
All of these are features of a word processor except_____ (a) word-wrap (b) justification (c)
alignment (d) slide
What keys do you use to move the cursor around your text? (a) enter (b) arrow keys (c) ctrl (d)
shift
Which of the following is not a job created by advancements in ICT? (a) programming (b)
medicine (c) hardware engineering (d) website design
The word processing task associated with changing the appearance of a document is (a) editing
(b) writing (c) formatting (d) all of the above
Convert 10010011012 to octal (a) 1116 (b) 1215 (c) 1115 (d) 1151

Integrated circuits are related to which generation of computers? (a) first generation (b) second
generation (c) third generation (d) fourth generation
The two kinds of main memory are: (a) primary and secondary (b) random and sequential (c)
ROM and RAM (d) all of the above
The brain of any computer system is (a) ALU (b) memory (c) CPU (d) control unit
UNIVAC is (a) Universal Automatic Computer (b) Universal Array Computer (c) Unique
Automatic Computer (d) Unvalued Automatic Computer
A computer consists of (a) a central processing unit (b) a memory (c) input and output unit (d) all
of the above
Who is the father of computers? (a) Abacus (b) John Napier (c) Pascal (d) Charles Babbage
A digital computer performs its computations by (a) mechanical means (b) analogy (c) guessing
(d) counting
The word processing feature that catches most random typographical errors and misspellings is
known as______ (a) grammar checker (b) spell checker (c) word checker (d) none of the
above
What is the smallest unit of information? (a) a bit (b) a byte (c) a block (d) a nibble
Which of the following programs enables you to calculate numbers related to rows and columns?
(a) window program (b) spreadsheet program (c) graphics program (d) word program
Which of the following is an output device? (a) keyboard (b) mouse (c) light pen (d) VDU
Which of the following is the extension of Ms Word? (a) .txt (b) .ppt (c) .doc (d) .bmp
A computer is accurate, but if the result of a computation is false, what is the main reason for it?
(a) power failure (b) the computer circuits (c) incorrect data entry (d) distraction
The computer accepts inputs, stores_______ and generates output. (a) displays (b) processes (c)
performs (d) inputs
A collection of words, numbers or pictures which have meaning is known as_____ (a) data (b)
information (c) knowledge (d) communication
Which of the following is not a hardware (a) CPU (b) operating system (c) keyboard (d) digitizer
Which one of the following is not a form of data storage media? (a) CD-ROM (b) webcam (c)
hard disk (d) flash disk
Which one of the following is an example of browser software? (a) Microsoft word (b) notepad
(c) internet navigator (d) internet explorer
Convert 12610 to binary (a) 11111012 (b) 11111102 (c) 11110112 (d) 1110110
A ________ uses a centralized connection point called
physica or logiacal arrangement of network is ________
(a) Routing (b) Topology (c) Networking (d) Flowchart
Data communication system spanning states, countries or the whole world is called ____
(a) LAN (b) WAN (c)MAN (d) PAN
Multipoint topology is (a) Bus (b) Star (c) Mesh (d) Ring
Convert 7E16 to binary (a) 11111012 (b) 11111102 (c) 11110112 (d) 1110110
A piece of ingromation which is sent along with the data to the source computer is
(a) data (b) module (c) token (d) element
The main electronic components used in first generation computers were (a) transistors (b)
vacuum tubes (c) integrated circuits (d) none of the above

A computer is accurate, but if the result of a computation is false, what is the main reason for it?
(a) power failure (b) the computer circuits (c) incorrect data entry (d) distraction
The computer accepts inputs, stores_______ and generates output. (a) processes (b) performs
(c) displays (d) inputs
A collection of words, numbers or pictures which have meaning is known as_____ (a) data
(b) knowledge (c) information (d) communication
Which of the following is not a hardware (a) CPU (b) keyboard (c) operating system (d) digitizer
Which one of the following is not a form of data storage media? (a) CD-ROM (b) hard disk
(c) webcam (d) flash disk
Which one of the following is an example of browser software? (a) microsoft word (b) notepad
 (c) internet navigator (d) internet explorer
Which of the following is an output device? (a) keyboard (b) mouse (c) light pen (d) VDU
Which one of the following software applications would be the most appropriate for performing
numerical and statistical calculations? (a) database (b) document processor (c) graphics
package
(d) spreadsheet
One of these is not a modern method of transmitting information. (a) telex (b) telephone (c) e-
mail (d) flutters
The act of using a computer to create, edit and print a document is known as_______
(a) PowerPoint presentation (b) graphic creation (c) CorelDraw (d) word processing
Which of the following is not a contribution of ICT to education? (a) the use of projectors and
interactive boards in conventional classrooms (b) electronic teaching and learning on the
internet
(c) the use of white marker boards for classroom learning (d) the use of e-mails for
submitting or grading assignments
Algorithm and flowchart help us to (a) know the memory capacity (b) identify the base of a
number system (c) Specify the problem completely and clearly (d) direct the output to a
printer
Which of the following is not a way by which people communicated before the advent of the
internet? (a) NIPOST (b) telex (c) whatsaApp (d) fax
Which of these is a word processor? (a) Ms PowerPoint (b) Ms excel (c) Ms word (d) CorelDraw
All of these are features of a word processor except_____ (a) word-wrap (b) justification (c)
slide
(d) alignment
What keys do you use to move the cursor around your text? (a) enter (b) arrow keys (c) ctrl (d)
shift
Which of the following is not a job created by advancements in ICT? (a) programming (b)
medicine (c) hardware engineering (d) website design
__________enables users to switch between different views of the document such as seeing
more than one page at a time, boundaries, grids and rulers.
(a) Mailings (b) Review (c) View (d) Tell Me
The main electronic components used in first generation computers were (a) transistors (b)
vacuum tubes (c) integrated circuits (d) none of the above
Integrated circuits are related to which generation of computers? (a) first generation (b) second
generation (c) third generation (d) fourth generation
____________ is a network type in which every computer and network device is connected to
a single cable (a) Bus topology (b) Network topology (c) Star topology (d) Ring
topology

Which of the following programs enables you to calculate numbers related to rows and
columns?
(a) spreadsheet program (b) window program (c) graphics program (d) word program
The word processing feature that catches most random typographical errors and misspellings is
known as______ (a) spell checker (b) grammar checker (c) word checker (d) none of the
above
Booting means___________ (a) putting on the computer (b) switching off the computer
 (c) formatting the hard disk (d) installing anti-virus
The following are internal components of computer except (a) RAM (b) Processor (c) Power
botton
(d) CPU Sink
Convert 7E16 to binary (a) 11111012 (b) 11111102 (c) 11110112 (d) 1110110
____________ is a procedure used for solving a problem or performing a computation (a)
Pseudocode (b) Compiler (c) Algorithm (d) C program
The following are part of the upper ribbon except? (a) Center (b) Insert (c) Design (d) Home
Another name for Upper ribbon is called (a) Status bar (b) Menu Bar (c) Scroll bar (d) title bar
____________ tab is organized into commands that fall under these “groupings”: Clipboard,
Font, Paragraph, and Styles. (a) Home (b) Insert (c) Draw (d) Design
___________ tab enables the user to control the layout, including the page orientation, margins
and so on. (a) Design (b) Layout (c) References (d) Mailings
The word processing task associated with changing the appearance of a document is (a) editing
(b) formatting (c) writing (d) all of the above
_____________ is a picture of the separate steps of a process in sequential order. (a)
programming (b) Pseudocode (c) Flowchart (d) Syntax
__________ is an arrangement of the network in which every node is connected to the central
hub, switch or a central computer (a) Ring Topology (b) Mesh Topology (c) Tree
topology (d) Star Topology
The two kinds of main memory are: (a) ROM and RAM (b) primary and secondary (c) random
and sequential (d) all of the above
________ is a command bar that organizes a program's features into a series of tabs at the top of
the screen. (a) View tab (b) Ribbon (c) Home (d) Scroll
Which of these acts as an intermediary between a user of a computer and the computer
hardware? (a) operating system (b) user thread (c) application program (d) ms excel
Which of the following is not a contribution of ICT to education? (a) the use of projectors and
interactive boards in conventional classrooms (b) electronic teaching and learning on the
internet (c) the use of white marker boards for classroom learning (d) the use of e-mails
for submitting or grading assignments
Which one of the following software applications would be the most appropriate for performing
numerical and statistical calculations? (a) database (b) document processor (c) graphics
package (d) spreadsheet
One of these is not a modern method of transmitting information. (a) flutters (b) telex (c)
telephone (d) e-mail
The act of using a computer to create, edit and print a document is known as_______ (a) word
processing (b) PowerPoint presentation (c) graphic creation (d) CorelDraw
A ________ computer performs its computations by counting.
Which of the following is not a way by which people communicated before the advent of the
internet? (a) NIPOST (b) telex (c) fax (d) whatsaApp
Which of these is a word processor? (a) Ms word (b) Ms PowerPoint (c) Ms excel (d) CorelDraw
All of these are features of a word processor except_____ (a) word-wrap (b) justification (c)
alignment (d) slide
What keys do you use to move the cursor around your text? (a) enter (b) arrow keys (c) ctrl (d)
shift
Which of the following is not a job created by advancements in ICT? (a) programming (b)
medicine (c) hardware engineering (d) website design
The word processing task associated with changing the appearance of a document is (a) editing
(b) writing (c) formatting (d) all of the above
Convert 10010011012 to octal (a) 1116 (b) 1215 (c) 1115 (d) 1151
_________ can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of
telecommunication networks (a) Internet (b) fiber (c) website (d) topology
________is the father of computers. (a) David faraday (b) Charles Babbage (c) Martin Luther (d)
Paul Charles

Section B:

How do you arrange a network cables connection in Straight Through network

________________
_______________ is the practice of transporting and exchanging data between nodes over a
shared medium in an information system.
Convert 195210 to binary__________________, Octal_____________________,
Hexadecimal________________

Study the table below and write Microsoft Excel functions (formula) in the spaces provided to:
A B C D E
1 Exam/Score Maxwell Richard Peter James
2 English 60 78 66 34
3 Mathematics 78 89 55 45
4 Biology 45 77 68 67
5 Chemistry 88 85 90 90
6 Physics 90 90 45 30

Find the average between cell B6 and Cell E6______________________________________

Find the highest score in Mathematics ___________________________________________
Find the lowest score in English ____________________________________________
Find the products of cell B3 to E3 ______________________________________________
Divide E5 by E6 _____________________________________________________________

THEORY
1(a) Enumerate the basic steps involved in plotting graph in Microsoft Excel. (5 marks)
(b) Study the information and answer the following questions using Microsoft Excel

(c) State the steps involved in creating a drop cap

2(a) Explain in detail how to create an automatic Table of Contents in Microsoft Word.

(b) Enumerate the steps involved in using mail merge.

(c) How do you insert page numbers in Microsoft Word?

3 (a) Write a C program to display “My School is McPherson”

(b) Highlights the steps in assembling components of a computer system
(c) What Distinguish between algorithm and flowchart