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INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KHARAGPUR
Department. bf Civil Engineering (2nd Year B.Tech.)
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Mid Semester Examination
Hydraulics (CE21003) ;
Time: 2 Hrs. "Full Marks: 50 No. of Students: 81
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Notes: Answer all the questions. Make suitable assumptions wherever necessary and write it clearly in
your answer sheet. Start the answer of each question on a new page. lhere are two parts- A and B.
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Part- A
1. A solid cone of radius 50 em, and vertex angle = 90° is to rotate at an angular velocity of 90 rpm.
The gap (0.125 em) between the cone and the housing is filled by an oil of dynamic viscosity,
Jt =8.1 Pa.s. Determine the required torque T to rotate the cone.
(6 marks)

2. A triang1:llar gate PQR (all sides 3m), hinged along PQ, opens by a normal force applied at R as
shown in Figure P2. It holds oil (sp. Gr. 0.80) above it and opens to atmosphere on its lower side.
Neglecting the weight of the gate, find a) magnitude of the· force exerted on the gate, b) location
:of pressure centre and (CJ force needed to dpen the gate.
(5+5+3 marks)

3. Water is flowing upward at the rate of 100 litre per second through a pipe with varying diameter
as shown in following figure. Neglecting the friction loss, find the direction and magnitude of h
as shown in differential manometer (Figure P3). If the friction loss is considered, what would be
in
the possible change h? Answer 'increase' or 'decrease' with justification.

(1 0+3 marks)
15cm
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Figure P2 Figure P3

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6. If If/= 2xy, the magnitude of velocity vector at (2,~2) is
(c) 4..fi (b) 4
(e) -8 (d) ..fi

Ans.: - - - - - - - - (2; negative marking 1)

7. The flow of a liquid at constant rate in a conically tapered pipe i~ classified as-
(a) steady, uniform flow
(b) steady, no~uniform flow
(c) unsteady, uniform flow
(d) unsteady, nonuniform flow

Ans.: _ _ _ _ _ __
CJ; negative marking 0.5)
8. An iceberg has 12% of its volume projecting above th~ surfac~- of thy sea. If the 'density of sea
water is 1025 kg/m3, the density of the iceberg, is , . ~ ', '
cc) 820 kg/m · (b) 1ooo ·kg/rr/
3
, · '··
(d) 902 kg/m~
3
(e) 1164 kg/m
~

Ans.: - - - - - - - - (2; n~gative marking 1)

9. If (J)= is the component of rotation of a fluid about z-axis, the vorticity alorig that axis is usually
defined as ~= =
1
w~~ ~2~
0(1)_
(c) ax- (d) J(J)zdz

Ans.: - - - - - - - (1; negative marking 0.5)

10. A two-dimensional flow is described by velocity COID;ponents u =.2x and v = -2y. The
discharge between points (1,-1) and (2,2) is equal to
(a) 10 units (b) 8 units
(c) 6 units (d) 4 units

Ans.: - - - - - - - ' - - - (2; negative marking 0.5)

11. Indicate the incorrect statement:

(i) The hydraulic grade line and the total energy line are coihci<;lent for fluid at rest.
(j) Whenever the hydraulic grade line falls below the centre line of a conduit carrying a liquid
the local pressures are less than the reference atmospheric pressure. ·
(k) The hydraulic grade line in a flow of real fluid with addition of energy will have an upward
slope in the direction of flow.
(1) The total energy line in a flow of an ideal ,fluid with no addition of energy will always be
horizontal.
Ans.: _ _ _ _ _ __ =-~
(1; negative marking 0.5)

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Part~ B
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Name Roll No . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

1. AU-tube open at both ends and made of 8 mm diameter glass tube has mercury in the bottom to
a height of 10 em above the horizontal limb. If 19 ce of water is added to one of the limbs, the
difference in mercury levels at equilibrium is
(e) 3.02 em (b) 2.78 em
(f) 1.08 em (d) zero

Ans.: - - - - - - - (2; negative marking 1)

2. The standard atmospheric pressure is 760 mm of mercury. At a certain location, the barometer
reads 710 mm of mercury. At this place an absolute pressure of 360 mm of mercury corresponds
to a gauge pressure in mm of mercury
(e) 400 {b) 350
(f) 360 (d) 710

Ans.: - - - - - - - (I; negative marking 0 .5)

3. A circular annular plate bounded by two concentric circles of di~eter 1.2 m and 0.8 m is
immersed in water with its plane making an angle of 45° with the horizontal. If ~he centre of the
circles is 1.625 m below the free surface, the total pressure force on one side of the plate in kN is
(c) 7.07 (b) 10
(e) 14.14 (d) 18

Ans.: ------,.----- (2; negative marking 1)

4. In a two-dimensional, incompressible flow, if the fluid velocity components are u = x- 4 y and

v = -y, then
•
the stream function If' is given by
2 2
(a) x - xy + 2y (b) 2x 2 + 2xy + y 2
2
(c) 2x + xy- 2y 2 (d) 2x 2 - xy + 2y 2

Ans.: - - - - - - - (3; No negative marking)

5. The concept of continuum in fluid flow assumes that the characteristic length of the flow is
(i) smaller than the mean free path of the molecules
. '!
G) larger than the mean free path of the molecules
(k) larger than the dimensions of the suspended particles
(1) larger than the wavelength of sound in the medium
'
Ans.: - - - - - - - (1; negative marking'0.5)

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