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Tutorial1 150425120648 Conversion Gate02

The document provides an overview of mechanics, focusing on statics and dynamics, and introduces key concepts such as particles, rigid bodies, scalars, and vectors. It explains the parallelogram law for vector addition, trigonometric functions, and the sine and cosine rules for triangles. Additionally, it outlines Newton's first law of motion, emphasizing the principles of equilibrium and motion under forces.

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dawit gezahegn
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16 views22 pages

Tutorial1 150425120648 Conversion Gate02

The document provides an overview of mechanics, focusing on statics and dynamics, and introduces key concepts such as particles, rigid bodies, scalars, and vectors. It explains the parallelogram law for vector addition, trigonometric functions, and the sine and cosine rules for triangles. Additionally, it outlines Newton's first law of motion, emphasizing the principles of equilibrium and motion under forces.

Uploaded by

dawit gezahegn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUTORIAL 1

Mechanics
A branch of physical science
Mechanics which deals with ( the states of
rest or motion of ) bodies under
action of forces

Statics Statics:
Equilibrium of bodies
-Equilibrium Dynamics (no accelerated motion)
-Selected Topics under action of Forces

Kinematics Kinetics

-Particles -Particles
-Rigid Bodies - Rigid Bodies
Dynamics: Motion of bodies
Basic Concept - Definition
Particle: Body of negligible dimensions
Before considering whether
Rigid body: Body with negligible deformations
the body can be assumed
rigid-body or not,
Non-rigid body: Body which can deform
you need to estimate the
relevant force first.

In Statics, bodies are considered rigid unless stated otherwise.


SCALARS AND VECTORS

Scalars: associated with “Magnitude” alone


- mass, density, volume, time, energy, …

Vectors: associated with “Magnitude” and “Direction”

- force, displacement, velocity, acceleration, …

Magnitude: Vector :
| V | or V V or V
 : Direction
THE PARALLELOGRAM LAW

The two vectors V1 and V2 ,treated as free vectors, can be replaced by their equivalent V,
which is the diagonal of the parallelogram formed by V1 and V2 as its two sides.

V2 V
V2 V
V2
V1 V1
V1
V  V1  V2 (generally V  V1  V2 )

Note: If there are not free vectors, you can sum them if and only if they
have the same point of the application.
Summation of Force

F2 concurrent forces
F1  F2
F1

non-concurrent
F2 if there are sliding vectors

F2 F1  F2

F1 F1
Trigonometry Functions Of A Right-Angle Triangle

sine  = opposite side = o = cosine 


hypotenuse h


cosine  = adjacent side = a = sine 
h hypotenuse h
o

tangent  = opposite side = o


adjacent side a
 tangent  = sin 
a
cos
Sine And Cosine Rules
For triangles that are not right-angle, the following two laws are important in
vector algebra introduced in chapter two later:

Cosine Rule a2 = b2 + c2 – 2bc cos 


b2 = a2 + c2 – 2ac cos 
c2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab cos 

Sine Rule a = b = c
sin  sin  sin 
Example 3

Find the length of the unknown side a and the angle .


Cosine rule : a2 = b2+c2-2bccos
i.e. a2 = 62+42-2x6x4cos200
200 = 36 +16-6x4xcos200
= 6.9
6m 4m
a = 2.63m

Sine rule : 2.63 = 6
a sin 200 sin 
sine  = 6 x sin 200 = 51.30
2.63
Geometry
Some of the basic rules are shown below:
Sum of supplementary angles = 180 0

 +  = 180 0
 

 A straight line intersecting two parallel lines

  = ,  = 

 = ,  = 

Similar triangles ABC and ADE, by proportion

D AB = BC = AC
AD DE AE

Hence if AB = 6, AD = 3 and BC = 4, Then,

6 = 4
3 DE

C E A DE = (3 x 4)
6 =2
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION (1st Law)

The study of rigid body mechanics is formulated on the


basis of Newton’s laws of motion.

First Law:
An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an object in motion
tends to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same
direction, unless acted upon by an unbalanced force.

F  0
Question 1
Answer
Question 2
Answer
Question 3
Answer
Question 4
Answer

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