MODULE 3: THE WEB AND THE INTERNET

Overview
Internet is defined as an information superhighway, to access information over the web. However, it can be defined in
many ways, internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks.

Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the student should be able to:
• Explore the current breakthrough technologies and disruptive innovations that have emerged over the
past few years.
• Identify and analyze various emerging technologies.
• Explore the evolution of the internet.
• Identify and understand the different uses of internet in today’s generation.
• Discuss the fundamental terms and definitions used in the internet.

Lesson 1: The Web

The Web (World Wide Web) consists of information organized into Web pages containing text and graphic images. The
world wide web is larger collection of interconnected documents or content. It contains hypertext links, or highlighted
keywords and images that lead to related information. A collection of linked Web pages that has a common theme or
focus is called a Web site. The main page that all of the pages on a particular Web site are organized around and link
back to is called the site’s home page. Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA FBCS, also known as
TimBL, is an English engineer and computer scientist best known as the inventor of the World Wide Web. He is a
Professorial Fellow of Computer Science at the University of Oxford and a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology.

A. Web 1.0 (Read Only Static Web)

It is an old internet that only allows people to read from the internet. First stage worldwide linking web pages and
hyperlink. Web is use as “information portal”. It uses table to positions and align elements on page.

• Most read only web. If focused on company’s home pages.

• Dividing the world wide web into usable directories
• It means web is use as “Information Portal”
• It started with the simple idea “put content together”
Example of Web 1.0
• Mp3.com
• Home Page
• Directories
• Page Views
• HTML/Portals.

Disadvantages
• Read only web
• Limited user interaction
• Lack of standards

B. Web 2.0 (Read-write interactive web)

A term used to describe a new generation of Web services and applications with an increasing emphasis on human
collaboration.

• It is a platform that gives users the possibility (liberty) to control their data.
• This is about user-generated content and the read-write web.
• People are consuming as well as contributing information through blogs or sites.
• Allows the user to interact with the page known as DYNAMIC PAGE; instead of just reading a page, the user
may be able to comment or create a user account. Dynamic page refers to the web pages that are affected by
user input or preference.
• Is focused on the ability for people to collaborate and share information online via social media, blogging and
Web-based communities.

Example of Web 2.0 are the following:

A. Social Networking - is the use of Internet-based social media sites to stay connected with friends,
family, colleagues, customers, or clients. Social networking can have a social purpose, a business purpose, or
both, through sites such as:

Example
Facebook Pinterest
Twitter Tumblr
LinkedIn Instagram
Google+ Page

B. Blogs - is a discussion or informational website published on the world wide web consisting of
discrete, often informal diary-style text entries (posts). Posts are typically displayed in reverse chronological
order, so that the most recent post appears first, at the top of the web page.

Example
Wordpress Blogger Tumbler

C. Wikis - is a hypertext publication collaboratively edited and managed by its own audience directly
using a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages for the subjects or scope of the project and may be
either open to the public or limited to use within an organization for maintaining its internal knowledge base.

Example:
 Wikipedia Wikivoyage
Wikibooks Wikidata
Wikiversity Wikinews
Commons Wikispecies
Wiktionary MediaWiki
Wikiquote

D. Video Sharing Sites - a website that lets people upload and share their video clips with the public at
large or to invited guests.

Example:
Youtube Photobucket
Facebook Twitter
LinkedIn Veoh
Flickr Dailymotion
Photobucket VimeoPRO
LinkedIn Flickr Myspace.com
Metacafe

Key Features of Web 2.0:

• Folksonomy – allows users to categorize and classify/arrange information using freely chosen
keywords (e.g. tagging).
• Rich User Interface – content is dynamic and is responsive to user’s input. An example would be a
website that shows local content.
• User Participation – the owner of website is not the only one who is able to put content. Others are
able to place a content on their own by means of comments, reviews, and evaluation.
• Long Tail – services are offered on demand rather than on a one-time purchase. This is synonymous
to subscribing to a data plan that charges you for the amount of time you spent on Internet or a data
plan that charges you for the amount of bandwidth you used.

C. Web 3.0: (Read-write intelligent web)

• Suggested name by John Markoff of the New York Times for the third generation of the web.
• In this generation, all the application on web or mobile will be upgraded with more features. It applies
same principles as Web 2.0: two-way interaction.
• Web 3.0 will be more connected, open, and intelligent, with semantic web technologies, distributed
databases, natural language processing, machine learning, machine reasoning and autonomous
agents.
• Semantic Web - provides a framework that allows data to be shared and reuse to deliver web content
specifically targeting the user.
• It is a web of data.
• Changing the web into a language that can be read and categorized by the system rather than
humans.

Types of websites:

• eCommerce Website is a website people can directly buy products from you’ve probably used a
number of eCommerce websites before, most big brands and plenty of smaller ones have one. Any
website that includes a shopping cart and a way for you to provide credit card information to make a
purchase falls into this category.
• Business Website is any website that’s devoted to representing a specific business. It should
be branded like the business (the same logo and positioning) and communicate the types of products
and/or services the business offers.

• Entertainment Website
If you think about your internet browsing habits, you can probably think of a few websites that you visit
purely for entertainment purposes.

• Portfolio Website are sites devoted to showing examples of past work. Service providers who want
to show potential clients the quality of the work they provide can use a portfolio website to collect some
of the best samples of past work they’ve done. This type of website is simpler to build than a business
website and more focused on a particular task: collecting work samples.

• Media Website collect news stories or other reporting. There’s some overlap here with entertainment
websites, but media websites are more likely to include reported pieces in addition to or instead of
content meant purely for entertainment.

• Brochure Website are a simplified form of business websites. For businesses that know they need
an online presence, but don’t want to invest a lot into it (maybe you’re confident you’ll continue to get
most of your business from other sources), a simple brochure site that includes just a few pages that
lay out the basics of what you do and provide contact information may be enough for you.

• Nonprofit Website
In the same way that businesses need websites to be their online presence, nonprofits do as well. A
nonprofit website is the easiest way for many potential donors to make donations and will be the first
place many people look to learn more about a nonprofit and determine if they want to support it.

• Educational Website
The websites of educational institutions and those offering online courses fall into the category of
educational websites. These websites have the primary goal of either providing educational materials
to visitors or providing information on an educational institution to them.

• Infopreneur Website websites overlap a bit with business and eCommerce websites, but they
represent a unique type of online business. Infopreneurs create and sell information products. That
could be in the form of courses, tutorials, videos or eBooks.

• Personal Website
Not all websites exist to make money in some way or another. Many people find value in creating
personal websites to put their own thoughts out into the world. This category includes personal blogs,
vlogs, and photo diaries people share with the world.

• Web Portal are often websites designed for internal purposes at a business, organization, or institution.
They collect information in different formats from different sources into one place to make all relevant
information accessible to the people who need to see it. They often involve a login and personalized
views for different users that ensure the information that’s accessible is most useful to their particular
needs.

• Wiki or Community Forum Website

Most people are familiar with wikis through the most famous example of one out there: Wikipedia. But
wikis can be created on pretty much any subject you can imagine. A wiki is any website where various
users are able to collaborate on content and all make their own tweaks and changes as they see fit.
There are wikis for fan communities, for business resources, and for collecting valuable information
sources.
 Lesson 2: The Internet
The Internet or “net” (network of network) is the largest computer network in the world that connects billions of computer
user. The word internet comes from combination between “interconnection” and “network”. Network is a collection of
computers and devices connected via communication channels and transmission media allow to share resources
(hardware, software, data, information). Generally, nobody owns the internet.

A. Brief History of Internet

ARPA – Advanced Research Project Agency January 2, 1969 – started an experimental computer network. Concept –
No server, but equal importance/participation to every computer in the network. Even if, one or two node destroyed that
will now affect the network. In 1982 the word internet started. 1986 – First “ free net” created in Case Western Reserve
University 1991: US government allowed business agencies to connect to internet. Now all people can connect to the
internet and improve their life and work quality. The internet support various aspects in our life. Vinton Gray Cerf
ForMemRS is an American Internet pioneer and is recognized as one of "the fathers of the Internet", sharing this title
with TCP/IP co-developer Bob Kahn.

B. Major Components of the Internet

1. Servers – is a computer program that provides service to another computer program and it’s user.

Types of Servers

1. Application Server – a program in computer that provides the business logic for an
application program.
2. Web Server – a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files.
3. Proxy Server – is a software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint
device, such as computer and another server from which a user is requesting.
4. Mail Server – is an application that receives incoming e-mail from local users and
remote senders and forward outgoing e-mail for delivery
5. File Server – is a computer responsible for central storage and management of data files so
that other computer on the same network can access them.
6. Policy Server – is a security component of a policy – based network that provides
authorization services and facilities tracking and control of files.

2. IP Address (Internet Protocol) – is a numerical label assigned to each device. This

provides identity to a network device.
3. Browser – is an application program that provides a way to look information on the web.

Example of browsers: Google chrome, safari, internet explorer, opera, Mozilla

4. Domain Name System (DNS) – is the phonebook of internet. We access information online through
domain names.

Example of DNS: www.facebook.com, www.pup.edu.ph,www.academia.edu

 Name Entity
.com commercial
.org organization
.net network
.edu education
.gov National and State Government Agencies
.ph Philippines
.au Australia

5. Internet Service Provide (ISP) – is an organization that provides services for accessing, using or
participating in the internet.

Two types of ISP:

National ISP – provided internet access to a specific geographic area.

Regional ISP – business that provides internet access in cities and towns nationwide.
Example of ISP: Sky Broadband, PLDT, Converge

C. Uses of Internet
• Look for information
• School works, jobs, and home purposes
• Send and receive electronic mail
• Video teleconferencing (video call, video chat)
• Buy and sell product
• Social networking
• Watch & post videos
• Games
• Take college courses
• Monitor home while away
• Financial transactions
• Download music and movies

D. Internet Terms and Definition

• Internet - A global network of thousands of computer networks linked by data lines and wireless systems.
• Web – a collection of billions of webpages that you can view with a web browser
SCIENCES
• Email – the most common method of sending and receiving messages online
• Social media – websites and apps that allow people to share comments, photos, and videos
• Online gaming – games that allow people to play with and against each other over the Internet
• Software updates – operating system and application updates can typically downloaded from the Internet
• HTML - Hypertext Markup Language is a coding language used to tell a browser how to place pictures, text,
multimedia and links to create a web page. When a user clicks on a link within a web page, that link, which
is coded with HTML, links the user to a specific linked web page.
• URL - Uniform Resource Locator is a web address used to connect to a remote resource on the world wide
web.
• Bit - is a single digit in the binary numbering system (base 2). For example: 1 is a bit or 0 is a bit.
• Byte - generally consists of eight bits.
• Upload - To upload is to transfer data from your computer to another computer.
• Download - To download is to transfer data from another computer to your computer.
• HTTP - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol, the data communication standard of web pages.
When a web page has this prefix, the links, text, and pictures should work correctly in a web browser.
• HTTPS - is the acronym for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure. This indicates that the web page has a
special layer of encryption added to hide your personal information and passwords from others.
• Router or router-modem combination is the hardware device that acts as the traffic cop for network signals
arriving at your home or business from your ISP. A router can be wired or wireless or both.
• Encryption - is the mathematical scrambling of data so that it is hidden from eavesdroppers. Encryption
uses complex math formulas to turn private data into meaningless gobbledygook that only trusted readers
can unscramble.
• Web Bot - A term that applies to programs/applets (macros and intelligent agents) used on the Internet.
Such bots perform a repetitive function, such as posting messages to multiple newsgroups or doing
searches for information.
• Search Engine - specialized software, such as Google and Yahoo, that lets www browser users search for
information on the web by using keywords, phrases.

Online Resources / Videos

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8hzJxb0rpc
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3c1ih2NJEg
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dxcc6ycZ73M
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5o8CwafCxnU

References
• Abraham, R., Jas, F., Russell, W. (2005) The Web Empowerment Book: An Introduction and Connection
Guide to the Internet and the World-Wide Web. Springer-Verlag New York
• Evolution of the web retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-10-to-web30-evolution-of-
the-web-and-its-various-challenges
• Types of websites retrieved from https://www.hostgator.com/blog/popular-types-websitescreate/
• Subhash Basishtha Web 1.0 to Web 3.0 – Evolution of the Web and its Various Challenges.
Retrieved from https://slideshare.net/sububasistha/web-10-to-web-30-evolution-of-the-webSCIENCESand -its-various-
challenges
• What is internet Retrieved from
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/internet_overview.htm
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://techterms.com/definition/internet
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://www.comentum.com/internet-terms.html
• Internet terms and definition Retrieved from https://www.lifewire.com/top-internet-terms-forbeginners-
2483381