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Science - Ch-9 Force Notes (VIII)

The document provides an overview of the concept of force, defining it as a push or pull that can change the state of motion of an object. It discusses different types of forces, including contact forces like muscular and frictional forces, and non-contact forces such as gravitational and electrostatic forces. Additionally, it explains the significance of net force and vectors in understanding the effects of multiple forces acting on an object.

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thegreatdrawing2012
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25 views5 pages

Science - Ch-9 Force Notes (VIII)

The document provides an overview of the concept of force, defining it as a push or pull that can change the state of motion of an object. It discusses different types of forces, including contact forces like muscular and frictional forces, and non-contact forces such as gravitational and electrostatic forces. Additionally, it explains the significance of net force and vectors in understanding the effects of multiple forces acting on an object.

Uploaded by

thegreatdrawing2012
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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St. Andrews Scots Sr. Sec.

School
9th Avenue, I.P. Extension, Patparganj, Delhi – 110092
Session: 2022-2023
Chapter 9 - Notes

Class: VIII Subject: Science Topic: Force

Introduction
A push or pull of an object is known as force. The interaction between two objects arises
force. Force has both magnitude and direction. The strength of a force is expressed in
magnitude. Force brings about a change in the direction or state of motion of a body.

Push
A push is a force exerted away from the body, e.g: Hitting a snooker ball, kicking a football.

Pull
A pull is a force exerted towards the body, e.g: drawing a bucket of water from a well,
playing tug of war.

Push & Pull

Magnetic force
The force of attraction or repulsion between two magnetic bodies due to their poles is known
as a magnetic force.

Magnetic Force
Force

 A force is a push or a pull.


 The interaction between objects that can change the state of the objects.
 The SI unit of force is newton. It is denoted by the letter N.

Force

Net force

 The resultant of all the forces acting on a body is known as net force.
 The acceleration of the body is along the direction of the net force.

Frictional force

 The force that opposes the relative motion between two surfaces.
 Acts between the surface of the two bodies in contact.
 Type of contact force.

Frictional force
Vector
Vector quantities are expressed in magnitude as well as the direction of the object. E.g:
Velocity, displacement, weight, momentum, force, acceleration etc.

Vectors are used to find the resultant component acting on a body. Vectors are also useful
when the force acts at an angle to the horizontal.

When multiple forces act on a body, they can be resolved into one component known as the
net force acting on the object.

Example:

Vector

Application of Force
– A force is an effort that changes the state of an object at rest or in motion.
– It can change an object’s direction and velocity.
– Force can also change the shape of an object.

State of Motion
The state of motion of an object is defined by its velocity – the speed with a direction. Thus,
inertia could be redefined as follows:
Inertia = tendency of an object to resist changes in its velocity.
An object at rest has zero velocity – and (in the absence of an unbalanced force) will remain
with a zero velocity; it will not change its state of motion (i.e., velocity). An object in motion
with a velocity of 2 m/s, East; will (in the absence of an unbalanced force) remain in motion
with a velocity of 2 m/s, East; it will not change its state of motion (i.e., velocity). Objects
resist changes in their velocity.
Types of Forces

Contact
A touch or contact is required to do most of our everyday activities. E.g Lifting, pulling etc.

Contact

Contact forces
Forces that require a touch or contact to be applied are known as contact forces. E.g:
Muscular forces, frictional forces etc.

Contact force

Muscular force
The force applied by the effort of our muscles e.g lifting a heavy box, pulling a bucket of
water, pedalling a cycle.

Non-contact forces

 Forces that do not need a contact, or that have their influence without a touch.
 Example: magnetic force, electrostatic force, gravitational force.
Non-contact force
Gravitational force

 The attractive force that a body experience towards the centre of the earth is called the
force of gravity due to earth.
 Property of the universe, every object attracts or exerts a force on every other object.
 Example: A ball falls downwards due to force of gravity.

Electrostatic force
The force of attraction or repulsion experienced by a charged body from another charged
body in the same vicinity is known as Electrostatic Force.
Example: A plastic comb rubbed in the hair.

Electrostatic force

Nuclear forces

 The nuclear force acts between all the particles in the nucleus. i.e., between two
neutrons, between two protons and between a neutron and a proton.
 It is an attractive force in all cases.
 It is the force that keeps the nucleus intact by overcoming the enormous
repulsive force between positive protons.

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